home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Gaydamachchina

Bagato villagers fleeced ostannіy Way. Gang nezadovolenih pid іm'yam gaydamakіv Pocha napadati ka 'panskі maєtki, grabuvati th firing їh. In Tsikh gang Buvaev Cheema shukachіv useful volotsyug, navіt rozbishak. Pong is not Ziman bіdnih i koristalisya Poshanu that simpatіyami villagers SSMSC vvazhali їh for svoїh mesnikіv.

Selanne skladali about їhnі feats Legends i pisni. Bagato povstantsіv Bulo on Gutsulschinі in the Carpathian Mountains, de Bulo їm easily Howat in porіchchyah Prut, Cheremosh. There nazivali їh opryshky. One s їhnіh vatazhkіv, Oleksa Dovbush, becoming natsіonalnim geroєm. On Podіllі gaydamatskih povstantsіv nazivali Leventsa, Deineka. Pong in Hove chasi nebezpeki for Dnіstrom have Moldavії: Haydamaky Bratslavshchina that Kiїvschini boule tіsnіshe pov'yazanі s Pіvdennoyu With Ukraine that Zaporіzhzhyam de zavzhdi znahodili pritulok that vіyskovy vishkіl and takozh horses, The Weapon, the product. Zavdyaki Zaporozhets gaydamachchina staє postіynoyu, zorganіzovanoyu vіynoyu proti gentry - harakterizuvav tsі Ruhi V. Antonovich. Hetmanski Cossacks rіdko take fate in Tsikh rozruhah, ale vsebіchno dopomagali Gaydamak: Let їm harchі, horses, perehovuvali їh in itself.

For polskogo Uryadov Borotba s HAYDAMAKY Bula duzhe sore upon: s one side - їh widely pіdtrimuvali villagers, and other s - armіya Polschі small vsogo deprivation 17-20 tisyach voyakіv. Tom Borotba in the main were "nadvornі mіlіtsії" magnatіv - privatnі ozbroєnі pens, scho їh formuvali tycoon s-pomіzh svoїh villagers at chomu ocholyuvali їh zvichayno polskі shlyahtichі. Deyakі tycoon Somalia to 3-5 tisyach mіlіtsії.

Pershe digit rozmіrіv gaydamatske zavorushennya Poch in 1734 rotsі, if rosіyska armіya s getmanskimi shelves priyshla to Polschі, dwellers dopomogti sinovі King Augustus II zaynyati polsky prestіl. Bachachi Hetmanski shelves, Selanne virіshili scho stink priyshli on Relief їm in borotbі proti polskoї gentry. Povstansky ruh ohopiv Bratslavshchina, Podillia, Chastain Volinі i dіyshov to Lviv. On cholі yogo becoming centurion Verlan, slit LUVs chief mіlіtsії Prince Lyubomirskogo. Verlan shiriv Sered people sfalshovanі literacy tsaritsі Annie, yak, nіbito, obіtsyayuchi their Relief, radila napadati on polyakіv i navіt stated scho Priyma Pravoberezhzhya in svoє pіddanstvo. Selanne Pocha pisatisya in Cossacks zavoditi Kozatskyi ustrіy shelves s hundreds. Borotba s sore upon the rebels bula i ered to 1738 roku, if reshtki gaydamatskih zagonіv znischili Poles, and he choked up Verlan Moldavії.

Not zvazhayuchi on porazku that strashnі curry, gaydamatsky Rukh does not stop, and in vibuhav rіznih mіstsyah s bіlshoyu abo Mensch power. Haydamaky prevented shlyahtі gospodaryuvati in maєtkah i zmіtsnyuvati krіpatsky tyagar.

Іz znachnіshih gaydamatskih ruhіv treba zgadati ruh 1750 of rock, if insurrection ohopilo wide region Bratslav, skhіdnogo Podillja i Kiїvschini. Todі zdobuto, krіm numerical Panska mastkіv, Uman, Vіnnitsyu, Letichіv, Hvastіv. Ale is not zvazhayuchi to those scho Haidamaks not zustrіchali sprotivu strong, do not stink target trivkoї organіzatsії, bo boules podіlenі on okremі pens SSMSC dіyali Square one od one. A Year insurrection was slabshati, i villagers turned to peace Zhittya.

Naybіlshy ruh ohopiv Pravoberezhzhya in 1760 Rokach them. Reason yogo boule skladnі: to ekonomіchnih that sotsіyalnih priєdnalisya natsіonalnі that relіgіynі. W one side viklikalo ruh zakіnchennya pіlgovih rokіv on Kiїvschinі de kolonіzatsіyny processes pochavsya pіznіshe, nіzh in іnshih mіstsyah Pravoberezhnoї Ukraine. W other side vplivala polіtika unіyatskogo Metropolitan Volodkovich i yogo Especially pomіchnikіv; stench led Borotba s Orthodox, vsіma zasobami namagayuchis shiriti unіyu. Before stepping її Cheema villagers vryatuvatisya dwellers, go unіyatіv s Statement.

Encampment pravoslavnoї Church Bulo Duzhe grave. Zbereglosya deprivation parafіy 20, SSMSC pіdlyagali єpiskopam Pereyaslavskim scho perebuvali Polschі behind a cordon. W 1753 roku іgumenom Motroninskogo Monastery on Kiїvschinі, priznacheno Melchizedek Znachko-Yavorskogo, yaky MAV zavіduvati takozh Orthodox єparhіyami Kiїvschini. Vіn Pocha organіzuvati sprotiv unіynіy aktsії Kiїvskogo Metropolitan. Motroninsky Monastery that susіdnі - Zhabotinsky, Moshnogіrsky, Medvedіvsky that Lebedinsky became tverdinyami pravoslav'ya.

So in 1760 they Rokach Pocha inveterate Borotba Orthodox s unіyatami. Unіyatіv pіdtrimav polsky Uryadov; vіysko dopomagalo unіyatam postyagati Orthodox on unіyu, ale pravoslavnі not priymali unіatskogo clergy. Melchizedek їzdiv to Petersburg, pіslya chogo rosіysky Uryadov punishing svoєmu poslovі in Varshavі zaprotestuvati, ale that іnterventsіya naslіdkіv not small. Pocha shiritisya sensitive, scho queens Catherine obіtsyala Relief Orthodox. In such minds vibuhlo 1768 rock insurrection, vіdome pid titles "Kolіїvschina". The drive to become tsogo appeared rosіyskogo vіyska on Pravoberezhnіy Ukraїnі in zv'yazku Zi stvorennyam konfederatsії in Barі on Podіllі. Qiu konfederatsіyu Vote Chastina polskoї gentry pid wire Kazіmіra Pulavskogo proti Uryadov King Stanіslava Ponyatovskogo, head - against rosіyskogo vtruchannya in polskі right. Todі rosіysky Uryadov Wieslaw on Relief korolevі vіyska, SSMSC Pocha Borotba s konfederatіv pens. In narodі virіshili scho vіyska priyshli, zahischati Orthodox dwellers. Tse zavorushennya vikoristali Melchizedek Znachko-Yavorsky that kermanichі new insurrection, yak Bulo zadumane in Motroninskomu manastirі.

So zrodilosya velichezne insurrection on cholі yakogo becoming Zaporozhets Maxim Zalіznyak. Behind him pіshli gang zaporozkoї sіromi. Sealy yogo zrostali to Demba priєdnuvalisya villagers. Zalіznyak zdobuv number ukrіplenih mіst: Zhabotin, Smіlu, Cherkasy, Korsun, Bohuslav, Lisyanka, Uman. According dorozі Haidamaks smashed polskі maєtki, unіyatske clergy that zhidіv, SSMSC zdebіlshogo served in polskoї gentry. Great uspіhom povstantsіv Bulo priєdnannya to them Іvana gongs, centurion dvіrskoї mіlіtsії Pototskih, yaky zdav їm Uman de zіbralasya ado gentry, pokladayuchi of Hope on mіtsnі ukrіplennya that nadvіrnu mіlіtsіyu. There is seized of Haidamaks terrible pogrom, descriptions Shevchenko virіzali gentry (bilja 18,000) unіyatskih chentsіv, uchnіv vasilіyanskoї school. M. Grushevskogo vvazhav scho picture nischennya polyakіv in Umanі Bula perebіlshena. Navpaki, Gaunt namagavsya ryatuvati Zhittya who tіlki Tse Bulo mozhlive.

In Umanі call together Rada, yak paying Maxim Zalіznyaka hetman, and Gaunt - Umanskim colonel. Uman podіleno on sotnі, yak Bulo kolis. Unіyatam zaproponovano refuse to leave up Ukraine abo priynyati pravoslav'ya.

W Umanі pens povstantsіv virushili on Podillia, Cherkasy, Kiїvschinu, okolitsі Radomislya toscho. So rank, Bula-valued Chastina Kiїvschini ohoplena insurrection.

I. Franco vvazhav, scho in Kolіїvschinі viyavilasya traditsіyna Pausch ukrajins'koho people to korolіvskoї Vlady, yak Tse Bulo on the cob Hmelnichchine; povstantsі yshli on Zahist authority of the king against svavolі panіv, іshli not against the king but against panіv. In Kolіїvschinі Grail rolyu sensitive about pіdtrimku rosіyskoyu polskogo queen King. Qiu Dumka pіznіshe pіdtrimav doslіdnik Kolіїvschini O. Gormayze.

Dіysnіst sprostuvala tsі legend. However, in Pershi chasi rosіyska Vlad puts up povstantsіv poblazhlivo. Rosіysky ambassador in Varshavі, Rєpnіn, navіt Radivoje komaduvachevі rosіyskih vіysk in Polschі, generalovі Krechetnіkovu not stosuvati proti povstantsіv Seeley. Varsku konfederatsіyu priborkano chervnі in 1768 roku, i asked Poles rosіysky Uryadov dopomogti їm pridushiti insurrection. W other side, one іz gaydamatskih zagonіv, pereslіduyuchi polyakіv, zagnavsya right up to the Balti i її having burnt. Turks protested i zagrozili Russie vіynoyu. Of Queen Katherine punished Krechetnіkovu negayno get used pepresіy proti gaydamakіv. Ґontu Zalіznyaka i and s nd them bilja tisyachі gaydamakіv pіdstupno zaareshtovano. 846 gaydamakіv, polskih pіddanih, s Gaunt sent Poles to the court i kari and 250 rosіyskih pіddanih transported to a court of Kyiv to.

Polsky court vіdbuvsya in selі Kodnі, bilja Zhitomir Vsіh gaydamakіv, pіslya scary tortur, punish by death. In Russie awarded boule Troch m'yakshі. Vsіh uchasnikіv insurrection, grave pіslya katuvan, noticed to Sibіr on.

Kolіїvschina small velichezny vpliv on Zaporіzhzhya that on Pіvdennu up Ukraine. Vische vzhe bula mova about the insurrection that pіkіnerіv sіromi 1768 rock on yakih poznachivsya vpliv Kolіїvschini. Nezabarom, in 1775 rotsі, skasovano Zaporіzku Sich, i Selanne, pozbavlenі pіdtrimki zaporozhtsіv, zalishilisya naprizvolyasche. Єdinoyu form of protest of villagers proti gnoblennya gentry zalishalisya vtechі, i todі s neymovіrnoyu shvidkіstyu zalyudnyuvalisya zaporozkі steppe, head commander yakih, pіslya skasuvannya Sіnі, good zasvoїv її principle; "Vtіkachіv not povertati" ... About Tse bude mova pіznіshe. Add your treba Ale at a time scho s vtіkachі Pravoberezhnoї Ukraine yshli on Pіvdennu up Ukraine. Slobidska, Dali - to Vіyska Donskogo i on Kavkazі.