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Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Mistetstvo

1. architecture

Vid XVII-XVIII art. in Ukraїnі zbereglosya Cheema derev'yanih budіvel, perevazhno church. Naybіlshe zalishilos їh on Boykіvschinі. Tse types for ukrajins'koho Mistetstvo tridіlna (trizrubna) Budova in yakіy cutaneous zrub perekrity stupіnchastim perekrittyam. Podіbnі to boykіvskih church boule Church in Torquay, Peremyshl bilja (1661), in Kam'yantsі on Zaporіzhzhі.

Deyakі vіdmіni toil church Volinі, Podillia, pochasti Bukovina. On Podіllі bagato Tribal Church, іz chord kіlkapoverhovimi baths. Nayvischim dosyagnennyam boule p'yatibannі church cob XVIII century. on Poltavschinі, Chernіgіvschinі. Sered them vidіlyaєtsya Church, scho її zbuduvav Koshov Kalnishevsky in Romnі. Miraculously budіvelnoї tehnіki CCB dev'yatibanny, p'yatipoverhovy Cathedral in Novoselitsі over rіkoyu Samaria, scho yogo zbuduvav Pogrebnyak in 1773 rotsі.

Zhitlovih budіvel zalishilos duzhe little ale in zbereglisya Galichinі on Podіllі that on Volinі zhidіvskі synagogue Druha half of the XVII century., SSMSC Mali RISS shlyahetskih budinkіv s pіdsіnnyami, ґankami that rіznimi ozdobami.

W kіntsya XVI century. in Ukraїnі pochinaє shiritisya Renaissance style, yaky panuvav in Zahіdnіy Evropі, head in Іtalії. Tsey style spread in mіstah Especially, scho mali torgovelnі that kulturnі zv'yazki s call. Pokazove expansion in the Renaissance style mіstah, yak Lviv, Bardіїv, Pryashіv scho tsomu lay on the high road. Naybіlshe pam'yatok tsієї Dobie zalishilosya in Lvovі - kіntsem XVI century. datuyutsya budinki "Chorna kam'yanitsya" Palace Kornyakta, Trisvyatitelska chapel that Uspenska Tserkva s vezhoyu, kaplitsі Boїmіv that Kampіnі churches in Co-kalі, Novoselitsі, Lyublіnі, Lutsk, Township b. Lviv budinki maєtkah in the book. Ostroh, in Mezhirіchchі, Yaroslavі that INSHI budinki in Kam'yantsі, Lutsk.

Obviously tsogo boule vplivi style to budіvlyah Shіdnoї Ukraine - in Kanevі, Chernіgovі, Osterі, Pereyaslavі, Novrod-Sіversku, ale zbereglosya nebagato.

The other half of the XVII century. vvazhaєtsya gold vіkom ukrajins'koho Mistetstvo. In Ukraїnі vitvoryuєtsya svoєrіdny style scho hocks іz spoluki of Ukrainian churches trinavnih іz zahіdnoevropeyskoyu bazilіkoyu i pіznіshe dіstav titles ukrajins'koho Baroque. Kulmіnatsіynim rozvitku hour tsogo style - pishnogo, urochistogo - Bula Doba Mazepa, a great patron of the arts i Fundator low pishnih hramіv.

Mazepa funduvav budіvnitstvo velicheznih hramіv in Kiєvі: Bratskogo that Mikolskogo manastirіv, Church of the Holy Vsіh in Lavrі over Ekonomіchnoyu Brahma Lavrov. B. Sіchinsky narahuvav zbudovanih in 1690-1705 Rokach Mazepa that zakіnchenih pіslya yogo death 12 hramіv. Before w narahuvav B Sіchinsky 20 hramіv, zrestavrovanih Mazepa: Cathedral of St. Sofії, Mihaylіvsko-Zolotoverkh Monastery, St. Uspensky Cathedral Lavrov Troїtska church over the Holy Brahma Lavra church - in Pereyaslavі, Gluhovі... Chernіgovі, Baturinі, Mezhigіr'ї, Mgarsky toscho Monastery.

Navіt vorogov viznavali merits Mazepa spravі church budіvnitstva: Peter I seemed scho Mazepa "the great builder of the holy church," and the foreman in Bender, pіslya Mazepa's death, could not pіdrahuvati vsogo scho Mazepa "rozkinuv i see ... generous hand in pobozhnomu namіrі on Budova i manastirіv church. "

Zvichayno, nіhto not mіg zrіvnyatisya s Mazepa spravі buduvannya that restavratsії hramіv, ale not vіn CCB єdiny: Yogo poperednik, Ca moylovich, Pocha buduvati Cathedral Mgarskogo Monastery; buduvala Bhagat foreman: V. Borkovsky (Chernіgіv), M. Miklashevsky (Kiev, Gluhіv) Kochubey (Kiev), K. Mokієvsky (Kiev), P. Gercik (Poltava), Mirovich (Pereyaslav), I. Іskra (Poltava), D. Gorlenko (Gustinsky Monastery; M Borohovich, Lizogub (Chernіgіv) Gamalіya that INSHI.

Nova Doba arhіtekturnogo pіdnesennya Ukraine zv'yazana s dіyalnіstyu Metropolitan Rafaїla Zaborovskogo i nazivayut її slit "doboyu Zaborovskogo Baroque". Before tsієї Dobie nalezhat do the first vidatnogo arhіtekta Schedel (dzvіnitsі -, Kiєvo-Pecherskoї Lavrov Sofіyskogo cathedral Mihaylіvskogo Monastery); seredinі in the XVIII century. in Ukraїnі spread pіznogo style baroque - rococo. Before Demba nalezhit Perlyny Mistetstvo - Andrіїvska Church in Kiєvі (1744-1787) - tvіr arhіtekta Rastrellі, P okrovska Church in Kiєvі, churches - in Kozeltsі (arhіtekt Kvass) slavetny ST. Jura in Lvovі author yakogo CCB B. Meretіnі-Merderer

Vid Dobie Baroque zalishilosya bіlshe pam'yatok svіtskogo budіvnitstva, nіzh od poperednіh chasіv. Cause tsogo, zvichayno in mate-rіyalі Yakimov perevazhno koristuvalisya - tsegla. Ale all the same bіlsha Chastina budіvel zaginula s not causal netrivkosti materіyalu Napriklad, pid hour ruynatsії Baturina in 1708 rotsі zaginulo bagato pishnih budinkіv Starshinov i, peredusіm, Hetman Palace beagle-rіvtsі scho cope іmpozantne vrazhennya on chuzhintsіv. B. Sіchinsky pripuskayut scho yogo zbuduvav arhіtekt A. Zernіkav. In tsomu palatsі bula great Zala, prikrashena portraits vidatnih monarhіv Euro-wee, Sered them on chіlnomu mіstsі CCB portrait of Louis XIV, yakogo duzhe shanuvav Mazepa. In palatsі bula great bіblіoteka s tsіnnimi books on rіznih movah. Obviously, there boule i starovinnі Ukrainian manuscript zokrema slavetna Peresopnitska Єvangelіya - Pearl ukrajins'koho Mistetstvo. In palatsі Bula Bhagat zbіrka zbroї. Zaginuv vіn, zaginuli th INSHI budinki Mazepa Kiєvі that in villages Degtyarіvtsі i Porosyuchtsі. Buli prekrasnі budinki Ya Lizogub in Sed-nevі, D. Apostol - in Sorochintsy toscho. In Chernіgovі zalishivsya Budinok vіyskovoї polkovoї kantselyarії, zrazok ukrajins'koho Baroque. In Kiєvі to ostannіh rokіv in sadibі Mikolaїvskogo Monastery was fine Budinok scho served at the XIX century. yak tseyhgavz. Zbereglasya budіvlya Academy of Sciences, perebudovana for Metropolitan Yoasafa Krokovskogo. For Mazepa tse CCB dvopoverhovy Budinok s Arcade th great vіknami.

In 1730, their Rokach, yak already said Pocha znovu pіdnesennya Mistetstvo, zv'yazane s dіyalnіstyu H. Schedel. Odnochasno s him pratsyuvali S. Kovnіr, Commonwealth Kiєvo-Pecherskoї Lavrov, that I. Grigorovich-Barsky. Kiev starkly CCB Chudova budinkami: mitropolichі a Chamber sadibі Sofіyskogo cathedral that Brama Zaborovskogo i Pearl - Ensemble budinkіv in Kiєvo-Pecherskіy Lavrі, znischeny pid hour nіmetskoї okupatsії in 1943 rotsі.

Buli garnі budinki in Galichinі, headaches rank ratushі; Sered them - slavetna Berezhany Town Hall.