home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Doba Reaktsії

Pіslya katastrofіchnoї porazki Napoleon "bitvі narodіv" pid Lyayptsіgom Paris zaynyali allies: OOO Russian Federation, Anglіya, Avstrіya that Prusіya. Nova Peremoga pid Vatsrloo over Napoleon, scho vtіk іz zaslannya i znovu becoming іmperatorom, completed zagibel frantsuzkoї іmperії. Roku 1814 Vіdensky virіshiv Congress share of Europe: on thrones vsіh ponovleno chlenіv korolіvskih dinastіy scho vtratili їh pіslya revolyutsії that voєn Napoleon. Target "Holy Alliance", bunt zavdannyam yakogo became Borotba s revolyutsієyu. Provіdnu rolyu in Soyuzі Grail - OOO Russian Federation, Avstrіya that Prusіya. In Evropі zapanuvali zhorstoka reaktsіya that absolutism.

In vіdpovіd on tse Sered broad mass of the population, brain Sered molodі pochinaє shiritisya nevdovolennya. In rіznih mіstsyah Europe vinikayut pіdpіlnі organіzatsії in yakih obgovoryuєtsya Method Borotba proti reaktsії, obmіrkovuєtsya plyani konstitutsіy, come to obmezhennya absolutism sotsіyalnі reforms skasuvannya krіpatstva that natsіonalnі - viznannya rights ponevolenih narodіv.

Europe nagaduvala velichezny volcano in Nadra yakogo boil Love. According vsіh kraїnah nagromadzhuvalis revolyutsіynі Seeley. In Nіmechchinі hvilyuvalos bunt studentstvo. In Espanії Pocha vіyna Ferdіnanda against King, Money Does znopu turning prestіl "sacred union"; people vimagav Povernennya konstitutsії, yak skasuvav Ferdіnand. In Іtalії dіyali taєmnі tovaristva - karbonarії. SSMSC Domagala ob'єdnannya Kraina on konstitutsіynih ambushes. On Balkanskomu pіvostrovі slov'yani - Serbia, Bulgaria fought the Turks for vizvolennya h. In Gretsії tovaristva - geterії - pіdgotovlyali Borotba s Turks. Navіt in Odesі boule in 1815 rotsі svoї ^ geterії ". Usі tsі revolyutsіynі nastroї znahodili svoї vіdguki in Ukraїnі and fate ukraїntsіv in campaigns 1813-1815 rokіv spriyala expansion revolyutsіynih vplivіv in Ukraїnі.

Roku 1813 rosіyska armіya in yakіy Bulo bagato ukraїntsіv - elders that zhovnіrіv - proyshla to Paris th zalishilasya there yak okupatsіyna armіya. In Frantsії Starshinov tієї armії zahoplyuvalisya іdeyami, yakih not znischili Napoleon vіyni: іdeyami freedom, rіvnosti, braterstva, Helsinki Human Rights that The Citizen, i mrіyali poshiriti Ti іdeї have currently on batkіvschinі. Novі іdeї viklikali deyakі zmіni in polіtitsі Oleksandra 1: vіn Nadab shirokі right tіy chastinі kolishnoї polskoї powers, scho pereyshla to Russie pіslya Vіdenskogo Congress (as the title of "Kongresuvka"). W polskih land utvoreno "Kingdom Polske 's zv'yazane Rosієyu personal unієyu. Vіtsekorolem yogo becoming brother Oleksandr 1 - Constantine. Before the kingdom Polskogo priєdnano Kholmshchyna. Vono little wide avtonomіyu, howling vіysko in furrows yogo panuvala polska Culture polska mova; dіyuchim right CCB "Code Napoleon".

Ukraїnska іntelіgentsіya Bula Pevnyi scho Well takі right dіstane UKRAINE. Against pіslya turn rosіyskoї armії to Russie zapanuvala in kraїnі reaktsіya. Olexander 1 zblizivsya s reaktsіonerami mіstichnogo zabarvlennya, yak baronesa Krudener Prince O. ґolіtsin, mіnіster osvіti and smut - yak General Arakcheev, tupy, zhorstoky, maloosvіcheny, yaky zaprovadiv in armії zhorstokі curry, Beatty shpіtsrutenami. Bagato, head - generalіv, Bulo nіmtsіv, SSMSC not rozumіli MTIE pіdvladnih.

1816 rock Arakcheyev Pocha zasnovuvati "vіyskovі settlements" obertayuchi villagers sat on vіyskovі Tabori s tієyu rіznitseyu scho zhovnіri lived in kasarnyah, and okremih budinkah s svoїmi homelands. In vіyskovih settlements poєdnuvalos vіyskovu drill s sіlskim Gospodarstwa. Truncated Zhittya villager Bulo pid doglyadom i superiors regulyuvalos Suvorov pripisami. Yak "to review" іshli villagers on Pratzen; the signal plowed, mowed. Leather Krok CCB reGlyamentovany. For instructions to the heads of peasants odruzhuvavsya, without the right to set your own naming sobі. Navіt Quantity dіtey peredbachalo bosses. Hlopchikіv taken to shkіl "kantonіstіv". For villagers zhorstoko naymenshu guilty punished. Zhittya vіyskovih villagers Bulo sutsіlnoyu hard labor.

Vіyskovі settlements boule roztashovanі bunt rank in Ukraїnі: on Slobozhanschinі - bilja Chuguєva, Bіlgoroda; on Kiїvschinі on Podіllі in Hersonskіy gubernії - Kolo Oleksandrії, voznesensk that Єlisavetgradu. On the cob 1820 their rokіv 375.000 Reigning villagers Auburn on vіyskovih villagers.

Vіyskovі settlements viklikali hatred. In 1817 th rotsі povstali Cossacks, if їh povіdomili scho peretvoryuyut їh settlements in vіyskovі. Insurrection Bulo zdushene vіyskovoyu power. Roku 1821 povstali starovіri ( "staroobryadtsі") village Zibki on Hersonschinі, if yogo priznachili on vіyskove settlements. Tse takozh insurrection Bulo zdushene vіyskovoyu power.

Roku 1819 Pocha zavorushennya in chuguїvskih vіyskovih settlements; їh pіdtrimali Selanne susіdnіh sіl. On priborkannya insurrection priїhav himself Arakcheyev i vіysko s artilerієyu. Viareshtovano i zhorstoko punish Ponad 1.000 povstantsіv; 20 іz them died pid shpіtsrutenami 400 - noticed to. The following rock bike insurrection kibuhlo in Pіvdennіy Ukraїnі. Ruh ohopiv 250 sіl.

Krіm vіyskovih settlements insurrection vibuhali in pomіschitskih villages vnaslіdok pіdsilennya vizisku villagers. In 1822-1824 Rokach Uryadov vіdpovіv to insurrection "decrees" SSMSC allows pomіschikam zasilati villagers without trial on Sibіr.