home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

2. UKRAЇNSKA Church Pid OKUPATSІЄYU Austro-UGORSCHINI

a) Ukraїnska katolitska Church in Galichinі

Rock 1772, pіslya Perche rozboru Polschі, Galicia OPIN pid Vladoiu Avstrії and rock 1774 Avstrіya priєdnala i trikutnik mіzh Seret that Dnіstrom - Bukovina. Avstrіya dіstala єparhії: Lvіvsku, Peremisku, Chastain Kam'yanetskoї that Holmskoї, i todі Pocha vzhivati ofіtsіyno termіn - "Greek Catholics" to poznachennya vsіh katolikіv-ukraїntsіv.

Metropolitan Philip Volodkovich (1762-1778), Leo Sheptitsky (1778-1779), Jason Smogorzhevsky (1787-1788) is the Teodosіy Rostotsky (1778-1805) perebuvali pose mezhami Avstrії in Polschі and ostannіy metropolitan Teodosіy Rostotsky, z 1795 roku perebuvav in Russie. Stosunki s metropolitans for katolikіv pid Vladoiu Avstrії boule Duzhe tyazhkі i could vіdbuvatisya for poserednitstvom diplomatic set-up. Keruvali Greek katolitskoyu flock in Galichinі two vidatnih єpiskopi: Lvіvsky - Petro Bіlyansky, s bіlogo clergy (1780-1798), that Peremisky - Maksimіlіyan Reilly (1785-1794) - vasilіyanin.

Galicia pid pid hour shift Vlad її Avstrії bula in grave stanovischі: shvedskі vіyska, rosіyska okupatsіya, Borotba magnatіv, zagalna anarhіya, zanepad zovnіshnoї torgіvlі - brought to kraїnu zubozhіnnya. Zanepalis Osvita, Cheema svyaschenikіv Bulo, scho not vmіli navіt Chitat. Pani-Poles prezirlivo puts up ukrajins'koho clergy, yak often vikonuvalo panschinu narіvnі s villagers.

Tsіsareva Marija-Terezіya Pocha vzhivati ​​zahodіv polіpshennya to become clergy. Rock 1774 at Vіdnі zasnovano bogoslovsku school for Greek katolitskogo clergy - «Barbareum», and in 1784 rock Lvovі University; rock 1787 target at nomu Studium Ruthenorum s ukraїnskoyu movoyu navchannya.

Єpiskop Lvіvsky, Petro Bіlyansky, Especially uwagi vіddavav narodnіy osvіtі, nakazuvav paroham dbati, dwellers parafіyani buduvali school. Pereshkodzhav marriage pіdruchnikіv and takozh sprotiv pomіschikіv, SSMSC not hotіli mother osvіchenih villagers. The right to take osvіti svoїh Vasilіyani hands.

Crave tragedієyu culture of Galicia Bulo skasuvannya manastirіv: s 235 vasilіyanskih manastirіv in Peremiskіy that vivs'ki dієtsezіyah on the cob of the XIX century. zalishilosya 14. Missing koshtovnі Book Cabinets, manuscripts. Vpliv Vasilіyan on Dovgy hour CCB sparalіzovany.

In oboronі ukraїnskoї culture became bіle clergy ale Sered Demba Bulo Zaman osvіchenih people.

Thirdly Pіslya rozboru Polschі pid Vlad Avstrії pereyshla Kholmshchyna. Together in troh єparhіyah - Holmskіy, Lvіvskіy that Peremiskіy - Bulo 3.000 parafіy. Tіlki roku 1806 pіslya death of Metropolitan Teodosіya Rostotskogo, tsіsar Franz of I vіdnoviv Halytska mitropolіyu to yakoї nalezhali єparhії: Lviv, Peremiska that Holmska. Perche Metropolitan Halytska becoming єpiskop Peremisky Antіn Angelovič.

Metropolitan Antіn Angelovič (1808-1814) posіdav Metropolitan ketedru in tyazhkі chasi. Roku 1809 Galicia has been viewed okupovana polskim legіonom armії Napoleon. OAO All uryadovі Plant obsadzheno Poles abo їh prihilnikami. Of Ukrainian svyaschenikіv areshtuvali i vivozili on the court to Lyublіnu. Vid Metropolitan vimagali, dwellers vіn vigoloshuvav mandates Napoleon. Tserkovnі tsіnnostі skonfіskovano. Metropolitan primusheny CCB tіkati to Beskidіv, ale on dorozі CCB zaareshtovany i vіdvezeny on the court to striae, ale, to the day samy avstrіyskі vіyska rozgromili polsky legіon - i is the Metropolitan yogo suputnikіv zvіlnili. Svoє pravlіnnya Antіn Angelovič prisvyativ bunt rank vіdnovlennyu zruynovanih Poles shkіl.

Metropolitan Mihailo Levytskyj (1816-1858) protyagom Svoge 42 lіtnogo pravlіnnya borovsya for pіdnesennya prestige Ukraїnskoї Katolitskoї Church dbav about those dwellers zabezpechiti її materіyalno, organіzuvati shkіlnitstvo dwellers. Velika uwagi pridіlyav vіn teologіchnіy osvіtі. W great difficulty achieving metropolitan dwellers have Lvіvskomu unіversitetі, yaky opinivsya in polyakіv hands vikladali ukraїnskoyu movoyu dogma, pastirske bogoslov'ya that katehitiku. Vnaslіdok yogo s 1856 through the efforts of rock to become catechists shkіl priznachati Greek katolikіv.

Bagatorіchna dіyalnіst Mikhailo Levytskyj zbіglasya s Ukrayinsky doboyu Renaissance. Vzagalі clergy Grail Velika rolyu in that cultural natsіonalnomu zhittі Galicia. Vono Bulo provіdnoyu verstvoyu, more nobility, of slim viynyatkami, spolschilos. Purshia gurtok, yaky becoming svіdomo on natsіonalny ґrunt, nalezhav to the spiritual stake Peremyshl. Postavy vіn roku 1816 pid wire M. Levytskyj, todі slit Peremishogo єpiskopa, that kriloshanina Peremiskoї kapіtuli about. Іvana Mogilnitskogo, i viznachiv svoєyu metoyu expansion in narodі osvіti. W tsogo gurtka viyshlo Cheema vidatnih dіyachіv culture; zokrema about. I. Mogilnitsky - author pershoї ukraїnskoї grammar. W tsogo gurtka viyshla Persha s note vimogoyu rіvnopravnoste i stverdzhennyam kulturnoї vartoste Ukrainian Language. Zvіdsi yshli rіznі come in schodo ukrajins'koho shkіlnitstva.

Pіslya priznachennya M. Levytskyj on Metropolitan nastupnik Yogo, z 1818 roku, єpiskop Ivan Snіgursky buying Drukarnya in yakіy drukuvali ukraїnskoyu movoyu relіgіynogo zmіstu books. Especially Snіgursky breaking bar zvernuv on pіdgotovu dyakіv, SSMSC time іz note povinnі boule Buti vchitelyami parafіyalnih in schools.

In 1830 their Rokach Winick at Lvіvskіy semіnarії analogіchny gurtok ukraїnskoї іntelіgentsії on cholі yakogo was "Ruska Trіytsya": M. Shashkevych, I. Ivan Vahylevych that Ya Golovatsky. Pong vivchali passed Ukraine, її etnografіyu th rіshuche harrowed folk movu Prote reaktsіynih dіyachіv scho of Namangan zberegti Old, bookstore, church movu. Peremoga on deyaky hour zalishilasya on botsі reaktsіynoї techії to yakoї nalezhalo bagato vplivovih unіyatskih dіyachіv scho Uryadov їm avstrіysky passing the censorship of Ukrainian knizhok. Not vitrimali Borotba members of the "trіytsі": zaginuv Shashkevych, yak paroh ubogoї parafії; pereyshov to polyakіv Ivan Vahylevych i nareshtі Ya Golovatsky, professor Lvivske unіversitetu, pereyshov the service to Russie. Pereyshov th Inshyj professor - vidatny fіlosof, I. Lodіy. Tsі Passage to Russie zavdavali velikoї Skoda ukraїnskіy spravі, more viklikali obvinuvachennya in moskvofіlstvі tsіlogo Ruhu that nedovіr'ya zboku avstrіyskogo Uryadov she Apostolskoї stolyci.

Metropolitan Mihailo Levytskyj actively pіdtrimuvav ukrainian natsіonalny ruh, Hoch is not all clergy rozumіlo vazhlivіst yogo dіyalnoste in tsіy spravі. In 1816 rotsі vibuhla Borotba for the letter: avstrіysky Uryadov proponuvav enter Latinka Metropolitan Levytskyj becoming rіshuche on Zahist kirilitsі, i zdobuv Peremoga.

Duzhe bagato uskladnen made in ecclesiastical Halytska Zhittya єzuїta. Roku 1820 Olexander I, yak said vische hung єzuїtіv pose mezhі Rosіyskoї іmperії i stink settled in Ternopolі. Metropolitan spodіvavsya dіstati od them in Relief shkіlnіy spravі that in borotbі s moskvofіlstvom. Against єzuїti, namagayuchis virvati Galicia s-pid moskvofіlskih vplivіv, pereginali the right Inshyj bіk i spriyali transitions unіyatіv on latinsky rite.

Rіshuche acted as Metropolitan on Zahist unіyatіv, if in 1839 the I rotsі Mikola zlіkvіduvav in Russie Unіyatsku Church. Roku 1841 the Metropolitan having seen pastirske message, Money Does Harrow unіyu th zasudzhuvav pereslіduvannya її.

Vnaslіdok zrostannya Lvіvskoї dієtsezії (naprikіntsі 1840 in their rokіv nіy Bulo 1,561,288 souls), rock 1850 target Stanislavіvske єpiskopstvo.

1856 Rock Dad Grigorіy VI piled Metropolitan Mikhailo title of cardinal, scho uniquely pіdneslo authority Ukraїnskoї Katolitskoї Church Sered іnshih Katolitskih Churches.

Zavdyaki mayzhe pіvstolіtnіy dіyalnostі Metropolitan Mikhailo Levytskyj unіyatske clergy was firmly on cholі ukrajins'koho Ruhu. "Svyatoyurska Mountain" katedra i St. Jura Lvovі have become a symbol of ukraїnskoї samostіynosti. W neї prolunali zakliki to Borotba for natsіonalnu nezalezhnіst, s her zv'yazana Bula Golovna Ruska Rada in 1848 roku, yak ocholyuvav єpiskop Grigorіy Yahimovich, rock priznacheny 1860 Pope at the Metropolitan.

Grigorіy Yahimovich Baron (1860-1866) CCB one іz vidatnih dіyachіv Ukraine. Vіn Brave fate in vsіh viyavah ukrajins'koho cultural Zhittya i CCB for virazom іstorika Ukraїnskoї Katolitskoї Church, Dr. G. Luzhnitskogo "Valadar duhovoї ukraїnskoї powers." Tіlki zavdyaki mitropolitovі Yahimovichevі viznano Cyrillic narіvnі s Latinka. Ale Borotba mіzh Ukraїnskoyu i Polsko-Latinskoyu Churches zagostryuvalas. Roku 1861 entered into force new konstitutsіya, yak gave the Poles in Velika Vlad mіstsevomu samourya-duvannі Galicia. In zmagannyah for polіpshennya dolі ukrajins'koho selyanstva clergy led before. Against yshla Borotba vseredinі i yogo, bo-valued Chastina clergy pragnula blizhchih zv'yazkіv s Poles. Roku 1862 Rimі Poles that ukraїntsі pіdpisali "Konkordіyu" - dogovіr, yaky viznavav Povny rіvnopravnіst katolikіv that unіyatіv. Ale tse naspravdі zalishilosya tіlki on paperі.

Metropolitan Spyridon Litvinovich (1864-1869) CCB vidatnim Scientists i parlyamentaristom. Naybіlshoyu podієyu pravlіnnya yogo Bulo vlashtovane him at Lvovі urochiste svyatkuvannya kanonіzatsії St. Yoasafata Kuntsevych. On holy priїhav predstavnik Papi, i tse pіdneslo prestige Ukraїnskoї Katolitskoї Church.

Truncated pravlіnnya Metropolitan Litvinovichi Bulo vipovnene GOSTR Borotba s polskim vischim clergy, yak of Namangan pіdkoriti unіyatskogo Metropolitan polskomu arhiepiskopovі. Konkordіya 1863 roku not zmіnila right. In tsіy borotbі poznachalisya Dvi techії: odnі Greek Catholics stood for latinіzatsіyu rite i їh pіdtrimuvali Poles INSHI, that star.. "Purist" vimagali purify od katolitskih vplivіv i turn to pervіsnih, skhіdnіh obryadіv. Metropolitan Spyridon Grigorіy that Vidal kіlka nakazіv, yakimi zaboronyali perehoditi on Latinism, ale tsі mandates vikonuvanі not boule. W nasty side - purists - have schoraz bіlshomu chislі passed to Russie. Postavy tons. Guestrooms. "Unіyatizm" Sebti look, scho Got Booty Unіyatska Tserkva tert іz close by the Roman Orthodox Katolitskoyu i. Vіdnosini in Greco-Katolitskіy Tserkvі Stavan all bіlshe napruzhenimi. Gromadyanstvo not pogodzhuvalosya s pomіrkovanoyu polіtikoyu Metropolitan i povolі Oseredok Borotba for natsіonalnі Interests perenosivsya s "Holy Yurskoї burn" (the yak Bulo for mitropolitіv Levytskyj that Yakhimovich) to the "People's House" to svіtskih dіyachіv.

Metropolitan Joseph Sembratovych (1870-1882) CCB perevazhno vcheny instead polіtik. Vіn not know zmіg vіdpovіdnogo encampments in borotbі mіzh moskvofіlstvom i latinіzatsієyu, yak zahoplyuvala chimraz shirshі stake. Polіtichny provіd pereyshov to hand ie. Public areas. "Staroruskoї" partії moskvofіlskoї orієntatsії. її organ "Word" vistupalo GOSTR so, scho yogo Metropolitan zaboroniv. Borotba Metropolitan proti piyatstva, propovіdі on qiu theme clergy organіzovuvanі tverezosti fraternity - viklikali nezadovolennya vplivovoї in Vіdnі polskoї gentry, yak small monopolії on wine sales. Before nespokoyu priluchalasya reform Chin St. Basil the, yak Rome doruchiv translate polskim єzuїtam. Proti tsogo acted as ukraїnska Presa obvinuvachuyuchi metropolitan bazhannі spolonіzuvati Vasilіyan.

Not zmіg Joseph Sembratovych Know vihodu in borotbі mіzh purists i prihilnikami latinіzatsії rite. "Konkordіyu" skasovano zavdyaki Ukrainian ambassadors in Vіdenskomu parlyamentі scho gave privіd Poles posiliti іntrigi against Metropolitan. On tlі Tsikh nastroїv roku 1882 vibuhla right paroha Skalat about. Іvana Naumovicha, scho LUVs vіdomy Gromadsky dіyach yak, yak ambassador to parlyamentu that yak author knizhok for the people vіn pereyshov on pravoslav'ya and for yogo butt naslіduvalo tsіle village Gnilichki, Zbarazhskogo povіtu. Before priluchilasya right Olga Grabar, A. donki Dobryanskogo, yak once іz GROUP іnshih osіb prityagli to court for Reigning zradu.

Usa Tse viklikalo zlivu obvinuvachen against Metropolitan. Avstrіysky Uryadov punishing areshtuvati Naumovicha, ale Uryadov rosіysky requesting to send out to the Yogo Russie. Tsіsar categorically zazhadav "dobrovіlnogo" assigned Metropolitan i pіslya of vіn pereїhav to Rome.

Metropolitan Sylvester Sembratovych (1882-1898) dіstav spadschinu tightening excessively. Wuxia Galicia Bula zahoplena Borotba moskvofіlіv i latinnikіv. Polska gentry, polsky klіr took Zhvavyi fate in tsіy borotbі, obvinuvachuyuchi metropolitan moskvofіlstvі. Selyanstvo tax TER to moskvofіlstva. Metropolitan does not MAV pіdtrimki clergy, Vishcha verstva yakogo - "popokratіya" - puts s reserves to narodnitstva. Against Metropolitan, scho Shuka serednoї lіnії, vistupali witch i klіr juveniles.

Vіdnosini mіzh EYAD techіyami slit bіlshe zagostrila Chin Vasilіyan reform, yak Pocha roku 1882. Koli Vasilіyani spromoglisya mother Vlasnyi provіd, єzuїti vіdіyshli od them. Pіslya of Chin St. Basil the Pocha shiritisya, zasnovano yogo Bulo provіntsії in rіznih kraїnah.

Metropolitan Sylvester target low Chernecha organіzatsіy: Tovaristvo St. Peter Zgromadzhennya Sisters Servants (1892), St. Tovaristvo. Paul zasnuvav Vihovny Іnstitut for dіvchat, Tovaristvo for vdіv i sirіt by a priest, dbav about school, Book Cabinets, chitalnі.

Roku 1891 vіn call together to Lviv Provіntsіyalny Synod, Money Does fate have taken 140 svyaschenikіv i papsky leґat. Roku 1895 Pope Leo XIII іmenuvav Sylvester Cardinal.

Nastupnik Metropolitan Sylvester Sembratovych, Yulіyan Sas Kuїlovsky (1899-1900), joining in the metropolitan prestіl in 1899 veresnі ailing, died at sіchnі i 1900 roku. Pіslya Demba on metropolitan prestіl joining єpiskop Stanislavіvsky, Andrew, Sheptitsky Earl (1900-1944). Yogo mayzhe pіvstolіtnє posіdannya mitropolichoї katedri Bulo tsіloyu Epoch in іstorії Ukraїnskoї Katolitskoї Church i samoї Ukraine.