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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Elastichnіst popitu. Widi elastichnostі

Kriva popitu vіdobrazhaє nerozrivny phone reception quantities popitu i tsіni product. Znizhennya tsіni viklikaє zbіlshennya popitu i navpaki. Tsya zalezhnіst in teorії Rinku nazivaєtsya elastichnіstyu popitu for tsіnoyu.

Elastichnіst - tse mіra reaguvannya odnієї ekonomіchnoї zmіnnoї on zmіni scho vіdbulisya in іnshіy ekonomіchnіy zmіnnіy. Kіlkіsno elastichnіst vimіryuєtsya pokaznikom, yaky nazivayut koefіtsієntom elastichnostі E.

Koefіtsієnt elastichnostі popitu for tsіnoyu Ep daє mozhlivіst z'yasuvati on skіlki vіdsotkіv zmіnivsya obsyag popitu on goods from rezultatі zmіni tsіni odinitsі product by 1%. Tsey pokaznik mozhna rozrahuvati of formula

de Q1 - Pochatkova obsyag popitu; Q2 - obsyag popitu pіslya zmіni tsіni; A Q - zmіna obsyagu popitu; P1 - Pochatkova Cena; P2 - Nova Cena; AP - prirіst tsіni.

Rozrіznyayut p'yat vidіv elastichnostі popitu for tsіnoyu.

Elastichny popit for yakogo zmіna tsіni 1% viklikaє zmіnu obsyagu popitu scho perevischuє 1%. Koefіtsієnt elastichnostі in razі elastichnogo popitu zavzhdi perevischuє odinitsyu: Ep> 1 curve elastichnogo popitu mozhna zobraziti in viglyadі gіpotetichnoї krivoї popitu (Figure 8.).

Fig. 8. Elastichny popit

Fig. 8 shows scho Cena zmіnilasya neіstotno and popit vіdreagu-Vav on qiu zmіnu dosit uniquely. Otzhe, elastichny popit - tse Shvidka i-valued quantities zmіna popitu pid vplivom zmіni tsіni product. Elastichny popit zavzhdi zabezpechuє zrostannya obsyagіv income (viruchki od realіzatsії) yaky viznachaєtsya penny sumoyu, scho th Splat Username Lost Password otrimali prodavtsі, tse dobutok tsіni per unit product in the Quantity odinits Prodan product.

For neelastichnogo popitu zmіna tsіni 1% zumovlyuє Neznachny zmіnu obsyagu popitu. Neelastichny popit zavzhdi Got koefіtsієnt elastichnostі Mensch odinitsі: Ep <111 Zobrazimo curve neelastichnogo popitu on grafіku (Figure 9.).

Fig. 9. Neelastichny popit

For neelastichnogo popitu magnitude popitu zmіnyuєtsya on Mensch vіdsotok, nіzh zmіnyuєtsya Cena and zagalna viruchka skorochuєtsya.

Odinichna elastichnіst popitu - situatsіya for yakoї zmіna tsіni 1% zumovlyuє Taku very zmіnu obsyagu popitu 1%. Koefіtsієnt odinichnoї elastichnostі popitu zavzhdi dorіvnyuє odinitsі Ep = 111, the value of the fact scho popitu i Cena zmіnyuyutsya odnakovimi pace. Proіlyustruєmo tse on grafіku (Fig. 10).

Zmіna tsіni in razі popitu s odinichnoyu elastichnіstyu an amount not viruchki vplivaє, to zagalny dohіd od realіzatsії zalishaєtsya nezmіnnim.

Fig. 10. Popit s odinichnoyu elastichnіstyu

Absolutely elastichny popit - tse situatsіya for yakoї magnitude popitu zrostaє without zmіni tsіni for poperednoyu tsіnoyu and curve popitu roztashovana on grafіku horizontally, parallel osі abscissa

(Fig. 11).

Fig. 11. Absolutely elastichny popit

Tsey popit Je Abstract kraynіstyu market analysis. Fig. 11 can be seen, for scho tsіnami, vischimi th nizhchimi tsіni in tochtsі A product sale does not Bulo. The I tіlki if Cena znizilas to a value tochtsі A znikli obmezhennya for zbіlshennya quantities popitu, right up obsyagіv nasichennya market analysis CIM product. Viruchka for tsogo mind elastichnostі popitu zrostaє time іz zbіlshennyam obsyagu prodazhіv.

For absolutely neelastichnogo popitu curve popitu roztashovana vertically oznachaє Tse, scho magnitude popitu zalishaєtsya nezmіnnoyu Square od Oscillations tsіni on goods.

Fig. 12. Absolutely neelastichny popit

Fig. 12 shows the magnitude of scho popitu zalishaєtsya nezmіnnoyu i od by the Independent zmіni tsіni. Tsey popit takozh Je Abstract kraynіstyu market analysis, yak vazhko zustrіti in realnіy dіysnostі. Viruchka skorochuєtsya time іz zmenshennyam tsіni.

About Abstract kraynіst absolutely elastichnogo th absolutely neelastichnogo popitu svіdchit takozh that fact, scho tsі Vidi elastichnostі lie for mezhami dії law popitu, yaky peredbachaє vzaєmozv'yazok tsіni i popitu quantities. Tom absolutely elastichny i ​​absolutely neelastichny Vidi popitu toil shvidshe theoretical nature, and is not practical zastosuvannya.

Neobhіdno zaznachiti takozh, scho the category Dvi - i popit Cena mozhut perebuvati in pryamіy abo obernenіy zalezhnostі. In vzaєmozv'yazku "popit - Cena" tobto if popit Je Pervin, zalezhnіst straight, and at vzaєmozv'yazku "Cena - popit" tobto if Cena Pervin and popit vtorinny - zalezhnіst Auburn.

Mi rozglyanuli spozhivchy popit - nayvazhlivіshu kategorіyu market analysis, one s yogo storіn scho formuєtsya on osnovі potreb that іnteresіv spozhivachіv.

For funktsіonuvannya market analysis, rinkovih vіdnosin potrіbno zadovolnyati tsі require tobto, dwellers tsі rіznomanіtnі good i require htos stvoryuvav, proponuvav spozhivacham on market analysis. Otzhe, with the other vazhlivoyu kategorієyu Rinku Je propozitsіya tovarіv i poslug.Propozitsіya. The value of Offers. Kriva Offers

In osnovі Offers lezhit virobnitstvo tovarіv, stvorennya poslug zusillyami virobnikіv. Tom krіm spozhivacha vazhlivim sub'єktom Rinku Je stvoryuvach goods i poslug - virobnik. Virobnikami vistupayut usі yuridichnі individuals SSMSC toil status pіdpriєmtsya Square od rozmіru pіdpriєmstva, yogo FORMS vlasnostі, nature organіzatsії pratsі i virobnitstva, rezultatіv yogo tvorchoї dіyalnostі. OAO All tsі yuridichnі individuals od naymenshoї maysternі s one robіtnikom to naybіlshih bagatogaluzevih natsіonalnih i transnatsіonalnih korporatsіy s hundreds tisyach pratsyuyuchih utvoryuyut єdiny sub'єkt market analysis - virobnika.

Virobnik, stvoryuyuchi good i Hotel, formuє propozitsіyu tovarіv on market analysis. Propozitsіya - tse mozhlivіst i spromozhnіst virobnikіv (prodavtsіv) nadavati goods for sale at the market. Virobniki formuyut propozitsіyu tovarіv nasampered on osnovі popitu them. Chomu on market analysis Je OAO All neobhіdnі Flea od okeanskih paroplavіv to kantselyarskih skrіpok? Abo hto scho Tsikh tovarіv upravlyaє Key infrastructure? Tse robit rinok. Virobniki proponuyut Ti Flea i Hotel, on SSMSC Je popit on market analysis. Virobnik yak sub'єkt rinkovoї Economy nіkoli not stvoryuvatime goods, yaky not potrіben Rinku i Got popitu not, that scho Tse prizvede to bezpovorotno vitrat kapіtalu, i pratsі natural resursіv. Yak virobnik peredbachaє popit for goods i value tsogo popitu? Through tsіnu on osnovі tsіni. Viroblyayuchi good i Hotel, formuyuchi propozitsіyu tovarіv on market analysis, on virobnik orієntuєtsya tsіni tovarіv. Otzhe, propozitsіya tovarіv i popit them naytіsnіshe pov'yazanі s tsіnami tovarіv i tariffs Hotel.

Zvyazok mіzh tsіnoyu product that yogo propozitsієyu poyasnyuє Law Offers. Shcho Vishcha Cena merchandise, Vishcha propozitsіya yogo, bo virobnikam vigіdnіshe viroblyati i prodavatsya goods in Visoko tsіnoyu. Shcho nizhcha Cena merchandise, i yogo Bude less then propozitsіya, oskіlki virobnikam staє Mensch vigіdno viroblyati i prodavatsya goods for nizkoyu tsіnoyu. Otzhe, zalezhnіst mіzh tsіnoyu product i yogo

Fig. 13. Curve Offers

propozitsієyu - right. In tsіy zalezhnostі i polyagaє exposure The law of bids: on mіrі pіdvischennya tsіni product yogo propozitsіya zrostaє and on mіrі znizhennya tsіni - propozitsіya skorochuєtsya, Yakscho іsnuє steel popit on Tsey goods.

Potrіbno rozrіznyati propozitsіyu tovarіv i Offers value. Propozitsіya tovarіv - tse fіzichny obsyag viroblenih tovarіv i poslug, tse The natural kategorіya, yak virazhaє virobnichі mozhlivostі virobnikіv. The amount of offers - tse propozitsіya, paid platospromozhnim popitom, tse sukupnіst i poslug goods purchased at the market spozhivachem. The magnitude osnovі Offers takozh lie Rate product i kupіvelna spromozhnіst (budget) spozhivachіv.

Zalezhnіst quantities Offers od Oscillations tsіni goods can zobraziti grafіchno in viglyadі krivoї Offers. For pobudovi krivoї Offers vikoristaєmo Ti samі minds gasoline market analysis for yakih osnovі buduvali curve popitu, vvazhayuchi scho OAO All INSHI zmіnnі, krіm tsіni not zmіnyuyutsya.

Rate 1 liter gasoline kolivaєtsya od 20 to 100 m. od., tsі magnitude E vіdkladaєmo on osі ordinates. The amount of gasoline Offers kolivaєtsya od 2 to 10 billion liters of fallow od tsіni on Tsey goods. For naynizhchoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline 20 gr. od. virobniki postachayut on rinok yogo mіnіmalnu Quantity - 2 billion liters, more їm nevigіdno prodavatsya Yogo for nizkoyu tsіnoyu. Poznachimo tse on grafіku (Fig. 13) point D. For nayvischoyu tsіnoyu 1 liter of gasoline 100g. od. virobniki proponuvatimut maximum gasoline - 10 billion liters (point E). Z'єdnavshi point D i E otrimaєmo curve Offers gasoline DE. The amount of deposits Offers product directly od yogo tsіni. Pid vplivom tsіnovogo chinnika, tobto zmіni tsіni gasoline vіdbuvaєtsya zmіna quantities Offers vzdovzh krivoї bids: Yakscho Rate 1 liter of gasoline 60 gr. od., the magnitude Offers stanovitime 6 billion liters (point C), vіdpovіdno Yakscho 100g. od., then dosyagne 10 billion liters (point E). Kriva Offers Offers demonstruє dіyu law on osnovі pryamoї zalezhnostі tsіni product od magnitude Offers yogo i Got Positive Nakheel. Kriva Offers pokazuє for yakoyu naynizhchoyu tsіnoyu virobniki gotovі prodatsya svіy goods. In tsomu stink prikladі ladnі tse zrobiti in obmezhenіy kіlkostі tsіnі with 1 liter gasoline 20 gr. od. Utvoryuєtsya rіznitsya 60 - 20 = 40 g. od., yak becoming nadlishok virobnika. Nadlishok virobnika - tse rіznitsya mіzh tim, scho virobniki otrimuyut per unit product, i note mіnіmumom tsіni for yakoyu stink gotovі prodatsya goods. Tsey nadlishok Je stimulus rinkovoї dіyalnostі virobnikіv, incentive formuvannya Offers product.