home Economy Books Політична економія - Oganyan G.A.

Політична економія - Oganyan G.A.

Deficit of goods and services

Pripustimo, scho pіd tiskom vlasnikіv avtomobіlіv svyativnyi organ vstavlyuete offitsynu fіksovanu tsіn 1 liter of gasoline - 40 grams. Od. For the cynicism of minds, he will drink on gasoline from about 6 to 8 billion liters (point Y), to those who will more often buy yogis for the lower price (Figure 15). And what do you need to do with gasoline? Vaughn is not only not healthy, but to swim, from 6 to 4 billion liters (point K). Otzhe, різниця між збільшеним поптом і скорочёю пропозицією досягне 4 billion liters (8 - 4 = 4). Якщо magnitude попиту перевищує a quantity пропозиції товару, утворюється різниця, яка називається размерною надмірного попиту, або дефіцитом. Nadmirnyi popin vicika at this time, if at the time of insertion, the value of the popita is transferred to the goods.

Yakshto for znivnovyzhenoy tsinoyupropositsіya gasoline and drink on it became 6 billion liters, then for the new minds deficit to become 4 billion liters, that's 67% of all consumers. Tse means, sho kozhni 6-7 columns at a gas station, ten to be without gasoline, kozhni 6-7 of ten cars, you can not buy gasoline for a price of 1 liter 60 grams. Od., Stinks zmusheni payiti vishu tsinu. Z'yavitsya "Chorny Rinok" gasoline, speculating it, and 1 liter pidskokochit up to 80 grams. One, that the yo yogo sellers in the gasoline price on the "black market" include і a fee for the rizik, the injuries to the law about fіksovanu tsіnu tzei goods. Виробники і продаці бензину will be зацікавлені в розквіті "чорного ринку" і спекуляції, аже це дає ім can be used to sell gasoline for a price, for a good reason, for a bullet before the installation of an office.

Defit rizhoduzhu omertvіlі vitrati, tobto vitrati zakuptsіv, yaki do not bring vigodu sellers (vitraty hour ta vitrati gasoline for yogi poshuk, vitraty hour in worms tochno). Chogo zdiag-li spizhivachi in the result of znizhennia tsini? Vony "dobroglysya" defitsitu gasoline, vinikennnya "chorny rinku", cherg і actual pidvistchennia tsin. Scho woke suspilstvo? Нічого. Vano has spent a lifeless person-godin, stencils for petrol, and valuable goods, they have been poured into kishcheni dilkiv "chorny rinku". The reason for such a situation is the fact that in order to implement administrative measures, the mechanism of coordination of popula- tion and proposals has been incorporated, and the mechanism of rink regulation has been incorporated. Otzhe, rhinoceros is guilty and able to form tsini yak soi, scho zrivnnovazhuyut popit і пропозицію.

Надлишок пропозиції

Proanalizuєmo situatsіyu protilezhnogo character, if pid vplyvom namftovih "Magnativ" i ikh lobi in the authorities vladi order pishov on vstanovlenya vishchih tsin gasoline, napriklad, 80 gr. Od. Розглянемо, що відбудеться on a road to gasoline, використовойчи fig. 15, a kind of additional zrozumiti, scho robitimut people, opynivshis in the so-called rinkovіy situatsії.

Otzhe, підвищення ціни 1 liter of gasoline to 80 grams. Od. Bring up to an important speedy popita at a distance of 6 to 4 billion liters (point M), to those who buy gasoline for the price, yak froze to a third, less than 1/3. With the gas supply of gasoline from 6 to 8 billion liters (point V). Tobto, saying that he was selling gas to the gasoline (8 billion liters), and to drink on it (4 billion liters), which would be: 8 - 4 = 4 billion liters. For example, if the overly large value of the offer is excessive, Надлишок пропозиції виникає у того разі, якщо the size of the goods to the goods for the price of the country I translate the value of the poput on ynogo.

Nadlishok propose to the prerequisite before the warehouses of finished products to be repainted, the shop overstocked, the vibro-wrenches to give speed to the virgin goods, and znizhuvaty tsini to the comrade, shkob zatsikaviti spizivachich. The value of the proposal is short-circuited (to the graph along the curve from point L to point C). Through the visa to the gasoline Bagota spozhivachich navigate quickly to the number of trips on cars, dehto pereoblodnae avtomobili for roboty on a scrappy gas aborting cars from petrol with a dvigun pridbae engine with a diesel dvigunom. Tse bring up zmenshennya popita on gasoline, sho zmusit vibroknіv zmenshiti tsini on ngo. The amount of popita zbilshuvatimetsya at the line from point C to the point N. Otzhe, gasoline "magnati" vіd tsіого підвищення цін did not play, and navtі vtatili znachnu kіlkіst spizhivachіv gasoline. Spozhivachi takozh vtatili, oskilki vitratili bagatoes of forces and kostyv on the pererobodnannya of his cars on the diesel-powered palino. Suspisstvo zagalom vtatilo, to that scho pogoshilo robot regulyuyuchogo rinkovogo mehanizmu.

The model "popit-proposoziia" was proanalized, which gave the person a new look, as a function of the rinkian mechanism, yak pidtrimuyetsya rivnivaga rinku, yak yogo sub'ekti pristosovuyutsya to rinkovyh minds. However, the market can not function efficiently without competition. Tom slіd rozgljanuti sutnіst і znachenya rivalіcії in functііунуванні ринкового механізму.

The essence of competition. The Economical Law of Competition

Vazhlivim component of the function of the mechanics of rink mechanics is competition. Competition (in the Latin - zmagannya, supernitsutvo) means borotubu, supernitsvo mizh okremimi sub'ektami rinkovogo gospodarstva nayvigіdnіshi vmovi vibrobnitsva and realizatsii (kupіvlі і sale) товарів. Competition is one of the most important components in the functioning of the Rink Mehanism, the can of the world, the freedom of goods, the freedom of the government and the people. For the rinkovoi klassifikatsiyu competitivi podіlyaetsya na soi vidi: tsіnov i netsinova; Thorough and undiscovered; Unkind; Внутрирішньогалузева і міжгалузева.

In the process of rivalry, the stylistic cause-strikes, yakis svidchat, scho tse nevertheless are not Vipadkov, but the power of the objective economical law. The economical basis of competition є різниця між alternative goods and goods і витратами виробництва, and takozh mozhilіst oderzhannya stalogo income (pributku). Forms viyavu ekonomichnogo law of competition - fights for vizhivannya, adhering to the respect of the spozhivacha to its goods, pokuplennya pevnogo segment rinku. By the methods of the Borotby, the vibrobitvtva's accumulation of scientific and technological progress, the vitrification of the vibrobitvita, and the return of the normal burdens.