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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Ponyattya percent

Percentage abo rate (rate) per cent Je vihіdnoyu kategorієyu pozichkovogo kapіtalu. Yogo viznachayut yak tsіnu for vikoristany resource (Penny kapіtal); fee for koristuvannya nadanoyu vartіstyu abo korisnіstyu pozichkovogo kapіtalu. Stop oznachaє zdatnіst pozichkovogo kapіtalu prinositi Prybutok in razі productive yogo vikoristannya.

In suchasnіy ekonomіtsі rіven interest rates on vplivaє rіshennya sub'єktіv gospodarskoї dіyalnostі schodo zaoschadzhen that іnvestitsіy. In praktichnіy dіyalnostі for otsіnki dohіdnostі pozichkovogo kapіtalu vikoristovuyut pokaznik rate of interest, scho yak obchislyuєtsya vіdnoshennya sumi rіchnogo income obsession on pozicheny kapіtal to sumi nadanogo loan multiplied by one hundred. Napriklad, Yakscho pozika become 1 million t. . Odes and rіchny dohіd s neї - 130 tis. c. od., the rate of interest dorіvnyuvatime 13. Norma pozichkovogo percent obchislenu for Pevnyi perіod hour, nazivayut serednoyu rate of interest.

At the rate of interest vplivayut zovnіshnі i vnutrіshnі factors. Before zovnіshnіh nalezhat mill credit market analysis (i popit propozitsіya resursіv); Scale virobnitstva that yogo tsiklіchnі sezonnі Oscillations; rozmіri penny nagromadzhen i zaoschadzhen; Reigning regulyuvannya interest rates; Tempi іnflyatsії; Derzhavna zaborgovanіst that іn. Before vnutrіshnіh - stupіn riziku for vkladenimi Costa fallow od platospromozhnostі klієnta, mind strokіv, rozmіru loan that іn.

In ekonomіtsі іsnuє Cheema vidіv interest rates, scho minds vіdpovіdaє rіznomanіtnim vikoristannya pozichkovogo kapіtalu. Napriklad, the base interest rate for zastosovuєtsya pershoklasnih pozichalnikіv koshtіv to neї priv'yazuyutsya OAO All INSHI rates scho vikoristovuyutsya in razі nadannya pozik іnshim sub'єktam pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі.

Pid vplivom zmіni rinkovoї kon'yunkturi zmіnyuєtsya i vartіst pennies, scho nadayutsya in poziku. Otsіnka vartostі pennies trivaє in chasі. When tsomu vikoristovuyutsya ponyattya ninіshnoї (potochnoї) that maybutnoї їh vartostі. Rіznі pіdhodi peredbachayut vikoristannya rіznih vidіv protsentіv. Rozrіznyayut prostі i skladnі percent.

Forgive nazivaєtsya percentage scho narahovuєtsya on Pochatkova contribution naprikіntsі one bankіvskogo string vіn viznachaєtsya of formula

de P - the value of the contribution; I - the rate of interest; n - Quantity strokіv naroschuvannya.

Folding percent - tse scrip, yak utvoryuєtsya in rezultatі percentage naroschuvannya the entire credit lines. In razі obchislennya collapsible percent scrip income not viplachuєtsya and priєdnuєtsya to the contribution itself bring dohіd.

Folding percentage viznachaєtsya of formula

de P - the value of the contribution; (1 + i) - mnozhnik naroschuvannya; n - Quantity strokіv naroschuvannya.

Protsentnі rates for credit shaping can Buti solid (fіksovanimi) i zmіnnimi (plavayuchimi) nomіnalnimi i LIVE (s urahuvannyam serednorіchnih tempіv іnflyatsії). Fallow od їh vikoristannya rozrіznyayut takozh oblіkovu, pozichkovu (credit) i protsentnі deposit rates.

Akumulyatsіya timchasovo vіlnih koshtіv i peretvorennya їh on pozichkovy kapіtal zdіysnyuєtsya through credit and fіnansovі іnstituti, SSMSC in sukupnostі nalezhat to іnfrastrukturi Rinku pozichkovogo kapіtalu. Central Location on nomu posіdaє Bank.

Bank i bankіvska system

Bankіvsku dіyalnіst rozglyadayut yak spetsifіchny view pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі, pov'yazany obslugovuvannyam Ruhu s trademark, is the penny іnshih fіnansovih potokіv. Istoria bankіvskoї right, yak i Istoria pennies dosit sider. Pershi this place the old z'yavilis in Vavilonі, Starodavnіy Gretsії, Rimі, if the main forms of pennies boule Zoloti that Sribni coins. Pіslya padіnnya Rimskoї іmperії bankіvska right away i Poch zanepadati її rozvitok pov'yazany s Іtalієyu (od іtal Bapko -. Lava, desk, de mіnyali groshі). Evolyutsіya bankіvskoї Spravi vіdobrazhaє zmіni zv'yazku groshovoї Sistemi s її metalevim vmіstom eg rozvitku funktsіy pennies and takozh i vidіv їh forms.

In Suchasnyj rozumіnnі Bank - tse fіnansova credit and to establish basic priznachennya yakoї nadavati loans one sub'єktam ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі for rakhunok zaluchennya timchasovo vіlnih koshtіv in іnshih. Bank - Yurydychna lady tsіlkom Square od vikonavchih i rozporyadchih organіv derzhavnoї Vlady rіshennyah, pov'yazanih іz svoєyu operational dіyalnіstyu. On teritorії Ukraine dіyalnіst bankіv reglamentovana Law of Ukraine "About banks that bankіvsku dіyalnіst" uhvalenim Bereznev 1991 20 p.

Bіlshіst kraїn rinkovoї Economy, postsotsіalіstichnі Kraina, vklyuchayuchi up Ukraine, toil dvorіvnevu bankіvsku system. Before Perche rіvnya nalezhit central (emіsіyny) Bank abo in okremih kraїnah єdina Reserve. For example, in the US teritorії Je 12 fіnansovo CREDIT okrugіv, in dermal s yakih rozmіscheno fіlіyu central bank. Mayutsya US Federal Reserve system, yakoyu keruє glad upravlyayuchih, priznachenih US president. In Ukraїnі Purshia rіven bankіvskoї Engine Submission Natsіonalnim Bank of Ukraine (NBU).