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Політична економія - Oganyan G.A.

Pozabalansovy operations bank

Bilshist operatsyy prichasnogo bank to nalezhit to pozabalansovih, yakі not є pasivnymi abo active, that їh not vіdobrazhayut on balansovih bankівських рахунках. Pitoma waga of such operations in the pribudkah suaschannyh bankov rozvinenih kraїn postyno zbіlshuyutsya. So, in Japan, they fall 45% of the banking surplus, 40% in the USA, 35% in England, 30% in the Nemecchini, and half in Switzerland (behind the banks). The Obligation of the off-balance-sheet operations becomes at the banks of the banks 200-300% sumi їх activeів

Pozabalansovі operatsії banku podilyayut na dvі grupi. Until the Pershoei nalezhat trastovі, lizingov, faktoringovi ta іnshі operatsiі, to others - guaranteed to the bank.

Trusts operatsii - tse opytії z vikonannya dovіrchih funktsіy fizichnykh i juridnikh osib, tobto governed by the mayo fondovymi tsіnnosty for proruchennyam klієntіv ta in їх Інтересах as rights довіреної individuals. Soi operatsii zdіysnayutsya on the basis of the land, vidpovidno up to the anchor bank, take care zobov'yazannya rozporyadzhatis dovireniemi yom tsinnosty z pributkom i otrimyu zapevnu vinagorodu.

Операції з лізингу . Leasing - tse obrenda pidpriemtciami rihomogo i nebruhomogo lane, yak zakupovuyutsya bank with the method yogo zdavannya in the lease. For leasing, you can otrimati nayrіznomannіtnіsі fіktory vibrobnitsva (komplektuyuchi, sirovinu, zemlya, naftoperebrobnyi complexi іn.). Leasing can be arranged in dovgostrokovym, srednestostrokovym, korotkostrokovym (renting). Renting perebachaє takozh vikoristanna fahіvcіv.

Operation and factoring . Factoring is a high -risk form of financial marketing, but it is podbacha pribbanya bank rights vimogi schodo pay for the financial zobov'azannami, buybacks in the old autumn. In fact, factoringov's services virazhayutsya nadnnyi klієntam credit, but repaid through the third hour of the special.

There are three types of factoring operations on the practice: payment of payment documents for goods and services through the account of the payer of cards and the right to receive bank loans; Vikup u pidpriemstva-postachal'nika debіtorskoї zaborgovanі for the supply of products; Vikup plizhnih vimog on product, yaka vidvantazhena, iz zarahuvannyam koshtiv on rozraunkoviy rahunok pidpriemstva-postpartanika. As a result of such operations, the seller will be rejected, as a rule, by stretching two-three days, 70-90% of the necessary sum in the vigilant advance. Sumi Sumi is the guarantee for the bank. Services for factoring roads, oskilki vrahovuyut great rizik mozhiloi neplatosprozhdomnosti klієntіv.

Before the first group of posablansovyh operatsiy nalezhat takozh operatsії із здійснення ревізій, з бухгалтерського обліку та аналізу фінансового становища фірми; To consulting (advisory services); With accreditations (a kind of bankrack rahunka, scho daє mozhnivist counterparty zgіdno z yavami Akreditivnogo doruchennya fee for the com chi nadanі obygi ov pevnu sumu gotivkoyu vidrazu z pislya vikonannya zobov'azan, accredited widely zastosovuyutsya zovnishnotorgovelnikh operatsiyah); With credit cards (banks can repay a fee for paying by credit card); З обміну валюти (bank mе right купувати і продавати іноземну currency for Власного використання і за дорученням клієнта); З охорони цінностей клієнтів у спеціально призначех для цього сейфах.

To another group of posablansovyh operatsi lie on the bank's guarantees. The purpose of the operation, in which banks is the guarantor of its own services, and such operations, are charged with brokerage, the bank takes on the functions of the broker's offices - buy and sell the items of its own loans. Prior to such operations lie rizni visions terminovyh ugod, nasampered f'yucersi op optii.

Ф'ючерсні операції - це строкові біржові угоди шодо купівлі-sale of currency, gold, сировинних товарів for фіксованою at the time of settling the land, in the vikonannyaam operatsії through pivniy hour (up to 2-3 rock). Optzion - tse zafiksovane birzhovoyu kudoyu right kupuvati abo sell prodazi pinni, como abo currency stretching the piano hour for the established price.

I will add a group of pozazalansovyh operations to the bank to become operational NIF, RUF, SWAP.

Операція НІФ - угода між банком та емітентом цінних паперів (підприємством, фірмою). For such a favor, the bank borrows zobov'yazannya buy tsinnyi paperi u razi zakladnennya їh realizatsii opo naadati emitentu rіvotsіnniy credit. For the lodging of the land, you can nadavatysya dodatkovi, services, napriklad, rozmischennya tsinnyh papernіv klієnta. Yak rule, this is the way to pay for 3-5 rock.

Operatsii RUF є riznovidom opytіі NIF, z tієy vіdmіnnistyu, sho vony not vobbachayut інвестування bank vipuschenih in обіг цінних паперів.

Operation SWAP - operation with obminu bulghovi zobov'azannami mizh duma poshchalnikami. Такі операції мають сенс, якщо borghi виражені in різних валютах нo надані під різні проценні ставки.

Показники діяльності банку

In terms of money, the disbursement of banks, whichever is the least, is imposed on the maximization of the surplus. Bankovskiy pributok form in the result of all operations to the bank і є різницею між proceeds і витратами to the bank.

Before the income of banks, you must pay interest for the loan, pay for rozraunkov and kasovo service, get access to the operations with the local papermen, in factoring, leasing, consulting, foreign exchange and other transactions. Prior to the vitrality of the bank, the payment of interest for passive operations (for flowing and deposited rahunks); Payment for credit resources, отримані від інших банків; Payment of the services (counting centers, post-paid, telegraphic ones); Payment із insured lane; Vitrati for utrimannya apartment; Збитки від списання безнадійних боргів клієнтів, дебіторської заборгованості; Fine that.

Pislya rozraunkyv with the budget of the bank may be a pivotal oath of pure clean-up, which is to make a sip of a dividy, to form a fund for a bank (reserve, stimuljuvannya, rozvitku virobnitskva ta n.).

Uzagalnayuchimi pokaznikami diyalnostі bank є profitability, mіnіmіlnyi rozmіr statutory fund, pokazniki platosprostnostnosti, pokazniki lіkvіdnostі, maximal rozmіr credit for one pozhchal'nika, rozmіr obovvjazkivyh bankівських резерів та ін.