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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Ohanian GA

Reigning pіdpriєmnitstvo i Reigning sector

Reigning Sector Economy predstavlyaє power yak samostіynogo gospodaryuyuchogo sub'єkta, chastka yakogo uniquely vіdrіznyaєtsya in okremih kraїnah: traditsіyno mіnіmalna US second-valued for kraїn Zahіdnoї Єvropi (Pete Wagga derzhsektoru Avstrії in GDP - 28%, Frantsії - 20%, Shvetsії - 14% , Іtalії - 12%).

Vazhlivimi іstorichnimi chinnikami formuvannya rozvitku i sovereign sector ekonomіtsі boule: vіyni th NATIONAL defense іnfrastrukturne zabezpechennya makroekonomіchnih protsesіv, problems dovkіllya th egalіtarizm (rіvnіst). Pіslya Druha svіtovoї vіyni in kraїnah Zahіdnoї Єvropi Private sector is not ohoplyuvav vsіh areas dіyalnostі, denote zumovlena appears digit sovereign sector (Fig. 37). Napriklad have Nіmechchinі ninі derzhavі nalezhit blizko 25% natsіonalnogo Lane, perevazhno in kapіtalomіstkih Galuzo.

Reigning sector in traditsіynomu rozumіnnі - tse sukupnіst Reigning of companies. Great problem Je efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya tsogo sector oskіlki in nomu vinikayut tendentsії to znizhennya efektivnostі, toscho of Quality, pov'yazanі, s one side, Zi uniquely Mensch vise tsі pіdpriєmstva rinkovih forces and іnshogo s - s pіdtrimkoyu powers. On the cob 20s rokіv that at 50 Rokach XX century. zdaval scho rozshirennya derzhavnoї vlasnostі, navіt for rakhunok natsіonalіzatsії neefektivnih virobnitstv i zasobіv komunіkatsіy scho become prohibitive for tyagarem derzhbyudzhetu - magіstralny Way roses

Fig. 37. SCOPE dіyalnostі sovereign sector Economy

round kapіtalіstichnoї Economy. Zgoda peremogla realіstichnіsha Zora point zgіdno s yakoyu efektivnosti rozvitok Suchasnyj regulovanogo kapіtalіzmu deposits not deprivation od pitomoї derzhvlasnostі crowbars and shvidshe od funktsіonalnih navichok i vmіn Reigning upravlіntsіv scho upravlyayutsya her.

Yakscho privatnі pіdpriєmstva keruyutsya viklyuchno motives otrimannya maximum pributku then derzhavnі domagayutsya uniquely Shirshov tsіley - stіykogo ekonomіchnogo zrostannya, zasnuvannya novih i modernіzatsії vіdstalih Galuzo promislovostі, vplivu powers have nayvazhlivіshih sectors Economy, skorochennya іmportu i zabezpechennya natsіonalnoї samodostatnostі in goods strategіchnogo value pіdtrimannya zaynyatostі, virіshennya ekonomіchnih problems regіonіv toscho. The motive for pributku Reigning of companies not zavzhdi Je Main. Uryadov Mauger pererozpodіlyati Chastain natsіonalnogo income from state-sponsored stvorenogo sektorі - postachati Private pіdpriєmstvam deshevshe sirovinu, elektroenergіyu, transportnі Hotel, the results of fundamental Naukova doslіdzhen scho Reigning zdіysnyuvalis for rakhunok toscho.

Before nedolіkіv funktsіonuvannya Reigning nalezhat of companies: neviznachenіst Ruler, poєdnannya ekonomіchnih i sotsіalnih tsіley, neefektivny management znachnі rozmіri that bureaucratic structure upravlіnnya. Obmezhenі mozhlivostі otrimannya pributku, zalezhnіst od budgetary koshtіv and nerіdko th monopoly encampment prizvodyat to znizhennya efektivnostі Reigning of companies, stimulyuyut їh perehіd in privacy (aktsіonerne) volodіnnya. Tom zavdannya Poshuk optimally between oderzhavlennya vlasnostі and takozh problem rozderzhavlennya Je not natsіonalnoyu and zagalnosvіtovoyu problems (at 70-80 Rokach XX century. In bagatoh zahіdnih kraїnah vіdbuvsya "boom" rozderzhavlennya privatizatsії i). Vprodovzh ostannіh tridtsyati forty-rokіv Winick Novi sector - "tretіy" - at rezultatі formuvannya zmіshanih great-power Private i korporatsіy of companies, de power not Je odnoosіbnim vlasnikom, ale zdіysnyuє control volodіyuchi blokuyuchim abo controlling stake aktsіy.