home Financial right books Mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right - Dahno II

Mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right - Dahno II

Theme 2. Jerel MІZHNARODNOGO EKONOMІCHNOGO RIGHTS

2.1 Ponyattya that system Jerel mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo rights

Dzherela mіzhnarodnogo right - tse FORMS fіksatsіy (zovnіshnogo vіdbittya) standards mіzhnarodnogo rights stvorenih uzgodzhenim voleviyavlennyam sub'єktіv. The low chinnikіv vkazuє to those scho dzherela mіzhnarodnogo right Je єdinimi for Sutta - їh foundation becoming sub'єktіv lands.

In Art. 38 Statute of the Court Mіzhnarodnogo UN zaznachenі takі osnovnі dzherela mіzhnarodnogo rights Suchasnyj mіzhnarodnomu publіchnomu pravі: mіzhnarodny dogovіr, mіzhnarodno legal zvichay, viznanі vsіma natsіyami zagalnі principles of law mіzhnarodnі sudovі rіshennya that doktrinalnі pratsі nayavtoritetnіshih fahіvtsіv s mіzhnarodnogo right rіznih natsіy. Role dopomіzhnogo zasobu for viznachennya standards mіzhnarodnogo right vіdіgrayut rezolyutsії mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy, SSMSC toil rekomendatsіy character. Suchasnyj mіzhnarodne right formuvalos protyagom ostannіh chotiroh stolіt [21, 707].

In lіteraturі zustrіchaєtsya takozh termіn "mіzhnarodne zakonodavstvo". Yogo prihilniki viznayut scho mіzhnarodne zakonodavstvo vіdsutnє, oskіlki Absent mіzhnarodnogo body yaky bi stvoryuvav іmperativnі norms. Tsim umovnim termіnom poznachayut mіzhnarodnі Treaty that rіshennya mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy.

Ponyattya "mіzhnarodne zakonodavstvo" ohoplyuє mіzhnarodno-pravovі acti unіversalnogo (planetary) that regіonalnogo nature. Mіzhnarodne zakonodavstvo formuєtsya yak processes mіzhnarodnoї unіfіkatsії law. Zavdyaki mіzhnarodnіy unіfіkatsії lіkvіduyutsya vіdmіnnostі in regulyuvannі vіdnosin i ekonomіchnogo character vnaslіdok chogo stvoryuєtsya odnomanіtne mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right.

2.2 Zagalna characteristic Jerel mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo rights

Main Jerel mіzhnarodnogo publіchnogo rights (nagadaєmo scho yogo galuzzyu Je th mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne right) Je mіzhnarodny dogovіr i mіzhnarodno legal zvichay. Form reglamentatsії vzaєmovіdnosin powers have mіzhnarodnomu ekonomіchnomu pravі vіdbivayut zagalny camp Suchasnyj mіzhnarodnogo publіchnogo law. Mіzhnarodny dogovіr Got prіoritetne values Sered Jerel mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo law. Tsey prіoritet poyasnyuєtsya not deprivation Suchasnyj tendentsіyami rozvitku mіzhnarodnogo publіchnogo law, and th spetsifіkoyu mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin, SSMSC zarodzhuvalisya, ustalyuvalisya that rozvivalisya perevazhno yak dogovіrnі that dvostoronnі.

Sered dvostoronnіh dogovorіv scho regulyuyut mіzhnarodnі ekonomіchnі vіdnosini, Yea i so zvanі ramkovі Treaty zagalnopolіtichnoї spryamovanostі. Tse peredusіm Treaty about friendship, spіvrobіtnitstvo that vzaєmnu Relief. They okrіm polіtichnih zobov'yazan storіn fіksuyutsya zobov'yazannya, pov'yazanі s rozshirennyam ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva.

Otzhe, mіzhnarodne publіchne zagalom right, i mіzhnarodne ekonomіchne zokrema right - the right to tse Scripture. Zvichay vіdіgraє obmezhenu role in sferі regulyuvannya mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin, oskіlki pіdtrimka wide rozmaїttya standartіv mіzhnarodnogo publіchnogo right not spriyaє zastosuvannyu zvichaєvogo law. In tsomu zv'yazku potrіbno zaznachiti scho ustalenі, usіm zrozumіlі th Niby takі scho ni in someone not viklikayut sumnіvіv, osnovnі fun- mіzhnarodnogo rights (povaga to sovereign suverenіtetu, rіvnopravnіst, obov'yazkove dotrimannya mіzhnarodnih dogovorіv that іn.) Powers namagayutsya regularly include yak at dvo-, so i in the contract that bagatostoronnі INSHI acti. Perevagi the written document on usnim word ochevidnі.

Written law Mauger narodzhuvati zvichay. Tse vіdbulosya prinaymnі dvіchі. In protsesі evolyutsії mіzhnarodnogo rights osnovі dogovorіv i keep practicing z'yavilisya zvichaї about freedom morіv pid hour vіyni i the world that about zastosuvannya to іnozemtsіv natsіonalnogo regime.

On Dumka okremih fahіvtsіv, dopomіzhnі dzherela mіzhnarodnogo right - rezolyutsії mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy, rіshennya mіzhnarodnih sudіv that arbіtrazhіv, vnutrіshnoderzhavnі laws, rіshennya natsіonalnih sudіv, doctrines - not Je Jerel Law oskіlki not result vvazhayutsya processes stvorennya mіzhnarodno legal norms. Tsі fahіvtsі keeps talking, scho processes formuvannya dogovіrnih mіzhnarodnogo rights norms that vіdpovіdnih regulations scho bazuyutsya on zvichayah, skladaєtsya s dvoh etapіv: Perche on uzgodzhuєtsya voleviyav powers schodo povedіnki rules, and other rules tsі viznachayutsya yak mіzhnarodno legal norms.

Yakscho vihoditi s of scho dopomіzhnі dzherela mіzhnarodnogo right not Vlasnyi Jerel Yea, the power postaє about їh legal nature. Fahіvtsі zaznachayut scho so zvanі dopomіzhnі dzherela abo Je Pevnyi stadіyami in protsesі utvorennya mіzhnarodno legal norms, on abo vplivayut perebіg zaznachenogo processes, abo dopomagayut vstanoviti іsnuvannya chi zmіst normalized mіzhnarodnogo law.

Rezolyutsії mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy, yak usually toil rekomendatsіyny character. Vіdpovіdno to the station. 10 of the General Statute of the United Nations її Asambleya s main power dіyalnostі UN formuє rekomendatsії deprivation. Takі norm is not Yea іmperativnimi. їh vikonannya not Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya primusovo. Pong nadayut pravomіrnostі dіyam, SSMSC boule b nepravomіrnimi for vіdsutnostі rekomendatsіynoї norms. Napriklad UN Konferentsіya s torgіvlі that rozvitku 1964 p. rekomenduvala nadavati preferentsіynі mitnі pіlgi kraїnam scho rozvivayutsya. Yakbi not Bulo tsієї rekomendatsії then vinyatki on korist kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, s regime naybіlshogo spriyannya boule used illegally.

Zahіdnі fahіvtsі s mіzhnarodnogo right rekomendatsіynі called normalization "m'yakim zakonodavstvom" (tobto not obov'yazkovim, so ale, scho Got Yurydychna value). Yak svіdchit dosvіd, rezolyutsії Generalnoї Asambleї UN vikoristovuyut at rozrobtsі mіzhnarodnih dogovorіv. Text rekomendatsіy transformuєtsya in the text of articles of the Treaty. PROVISIONS rezolyutsіy often nabirayut obov'yazkovogo nature s look around to those scho vіdbuvaєtsya processes stvorennya law for Relief zvichayu.

Rezolyutsії mozhut zastosovuvatis i chi to konstatuvannya tlumachennya chinnih mіzhnarodno legal norms.

Nagadaєmo scho rіshennya okremih organіzatsіy toil obov'yazkovy character. Napriklad, rіshennya For Єvropeyskogo Union Je obov'yazkovimi for-uchasnits powers.

Obov'yazkovu legal force mali rekomendatsії that rіshennya kolishnoї For Ekonomіchnoї Vzaєmodopomogi.

Quantity digit rekomendatsіy s power mіzhderzhavnogo ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva priymayut UN body that place the scho to incoming її System (napriklad, UNCTAD, YUNІDO). Hoca rіshennya Tsikh organіzatsіy toil rekomendatsіyny character against іstotnim Je їh polіtichne moral values, oskіlki rekomendatsії poshiryuyutsya bіlshіst powers on the planet, to scho incoming vіdpovіdnih organіzatsіy.

Fundamental rights for mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo Je takі priynyatі UN General Asambleєyu at 1974 p. Documents yak Hartіya ekonomіchnih rights that obov'yazkіv powers declaration about Novi mіzhnarodny ekonomіchny order Programa Act reasonably schodo vstanovlennya new mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo order, and takozh rezolyutsіya Generalnoї UN Asambleї 1979 roku "Ob'єdnannya i Progressive rozvitok printsipіv i norms mіzhnarodnogo rights SSMSC stosuyutsya legal aspektіv mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo new order. " Fahіvtsі zaznachayut scho tsі document vikonuyuchi tsіlomu positive role in schodo zabezpechennya fair nediskrimіnatsіynih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin, mіstyat i neobgruntovanі position. Tse zokrema, stosuєtsya solіdarnoї vіdpovіdalnostі vsіh rozvinenih powers for naslіdki kolonіalіzmu, pererozpodіlu svіtovogo suspіlnogo product on korist kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, Shlyakhov directly fіnansovih vіdrahuvan.

Vimogi kraїn scho rozvivayutsya, spryamovanі on dosyagnennya troh group tsіley: for au-Perche, viznannya svіtovim spіvtovaristvom such printsipіv, yak Povny i postіyny suverenіtet powers over їh natural resources, sovereign rіvnіst freedom Vibor ekonomіchnoї i sotsіalnoї system is the avoidance of diskrimіnatsії on tsіy pіdstavі іnshimi kraїnami chi mіzhuryadovimi organіzatsіyami svitu; Alternatively, nadannya CIM kraїnam mozhlivostі vіdіgravati nalezhnu role in mіzhnarodnomu protsesі of acceptance rіshen (tsya pretenzіya peredusіm peredbachaє takі organіzatsії, yak i Mіzhnarodny Monetary Fund Svіtovy Bank); in tretє, zadovolennya vimog schodo Tsikh kraїn ekonomіchnih specific areas svіtovogo market analysis.

Vazhlivimi normotvorchimi documents s point Zora mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo right Je takozh rezolyutsії Generalnoї Asambleї UN that її organіv schodo mіzhnarodnoї ekonomіchnoї BEZPEKA.

"Mіzhnarodna Ekonomichna Bezpeka" - tse Taqiy camp mіzhderzhavnih ekonomіchnih vіdnosin, if іsnuyut nadіynі materіalnі that pravovі garantії Zahist ekonomіchnih іnteresіv kozhnoї powers od nepravomіrnogo zastosuvannya ekonomіchnoї Sealy s side іnshih powers mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy i transnatsіonalnih korporatsіy.

System mіzhnarodnoї ekonomіchnoї BEZPEKA Got bazuvatisya on mіtsnomu legal fundamentі - sukupnostі unіversalnih, regіonalnih i dvostoronnіh regulations scho zabezpechuyut efektivnosti zapobіgannya that prisіchennya diskrimіnatsії th іnshih negatively namagan virіshiti mіzhnarodnі ekonomіchnі problems spirayuchis on force.

System mіzhnarodnoї ekonomіchnoї BEZPEKA, yak i system mіzhnarodnoї BEZPEKA zagalom, Mauger Buti target that funktsіonuvati deprivation on osnovі neuhilnogo dotrimannya mainly printsipіv mіzhnarodnogo right i spetsіalnih printsipіv mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo law.

Opratsovanimi vvazhayutsya normalized іnstitutu mіzhnarodnoї ekonomіchnoї BEZPEKA, SSMSC zaboronyayut zastosuvannya ekonomіchnoї Sealy s polіtichnih mіrkuvan, diskrimіnatsіyu, dempіng, obmezhuyut vikoristannya protektsіonіstskih zasobіv, zabezpechuyut realіzatsіyu sovereign rights of states schodo їh natural resursіv.

Nayvazhlivіshimi mіzhnarodno legal acts, scho stosuyutsya іnstitutu mіzhnarodnoї ekonomіchnoї BEZPEKA, Je takі:

• "Vіdmova od primusovih ekonomіchnih zahodіv" (rezolyutsіya IV sesії UNCTAD, 1983 p.);

• "Come Ekonomіchnі yak zasіb polіtichnogo that ekonomіchnogo kerosene stove stosovno kraїn scho rozvivayutsya" (rezolyutsіya 38 ¯ sesії Generalnoї Asambleї UN 1983 p.);

• "About come in zmіtsnennya dovіr'ya in mіzhnarodnih ekonomіchnih vіdnosinah" (rezolyutsіya 39 ¯ sesії Generalnoї Asambleї UN 1984 p.);

• "Mіzhnarodna Ekonomichna bezpeka" (rezolyutsіya 40 ¯ sesії Generalnoї Asambleї UN 1985 p.);

• "Mіzhnarodna Ekonomichna bezpeka" (rezolyutsіya 42 ¯ sesії Generalnoї Asambleї UN 1987 p.).

Before Jerel mіzhnarodnogo ekonomіchnogo right nalezhit takozh Lіmska declaration about Promyslova rozvitok i spіvrobіtnitstvo, priynyata in 1975 p. Konferentsієyu UN s Promyslova rozvitku (YUNІDO).

Rіshennya mіzhnarodnih sudіv-arbіtrazhіv Je acts zastosuvannya mіzhnarodno legal norms to concrete vipadkіv. W tsogo viplivaє vіdsutnіst they pravotvorchogo nature. Zokrema Art. 59 Statute Mіzhnarodnogo UN court peredbachaє scho tsogo court rіshennya obov'yazkovі deprivation for storіn scho take fate in spravі th deprivation stosovno tsієї right.

Before kompetentsії UN Mіzhnarodnogo court nalezhit takozh pіdgotovka konsultatsіynih visnovkіv s Yurydychna power. Takі visnovki toil optional.

Rіshennya mіzhnarodnih sudіv mozhut vvazhatisya mіzhnarodnimi precedents i vikoristovuvatisya for tlumachennya mіzhnarodno legal norms.

Zrozumіlo scho Mauger Pevnyi Power viznati rate vnutrіshnoderzhavnogo law іnshoї Kraina chi rіshennya її natsіonalnogo court yak rate mіzhnarodnogo law.

Not OAO All provisions of dogovorіv and note bіlshe rіshennya mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy chi zvichaї can vvazhati legal norms. PROVISIONS Well, Je SSMSC regulations mozhut mother rіznu force - іmperativnu, discretionary, rekomendatsіynu.

Especially in the form normotvorchostі UN furrows Je Code that povedіnki rules (codes of conduct, sets of rules, guidelines). Pong skhvalyuyutsya rezolyutsіyami UN. Butt Je takі documents: Code uzgodzhenih on bagatostoronnіy osnovі printsipіv equitable rules for the control of obmezhuvalnoyu dіlovoyu practice (uhvaleny the General Asambleєyu at 198G p.); Code povedіnki in the Branch Code that tehnologії povedіnki for transnatsіonalnih korporatsіy (rozroblenі that uhvalenі UNCTAD).

One s code of conduct Perche Je lіnіynih konferentsіy. Yogo takozh rozrobila UNCTAD 1974 p. Vіn stosuєtsya organіzatsії lіnіynih transported from the Branch torgovelnogo moreplavstva.

Briefly zupinimosya on the legal acts that ЄS Spіvdruzhnostі Powers Square (LICs).

In furrows ЄS priymayutsya perevazhno takі pravovі Acti: provisions (regulations), directives (directives) that rіshennya (decisions) [12]. Nayvischu Yurydychna force toil position. Je Pong obov'yazkovimi for vsіh Powers chlenіv. Directive formulyuyut rule of law, for obov'yazkovі ЄS zagalom and kraїnam Member nadayut mozhlivіst transformuvati їh Norm natsіonalnogo zakonodavstva. Rіshennya Je perevazhno admіnіstrativnimi Acts i vvazhayutsya not the rule of law.

The main type of aktіv scho regulyuє mіzhderzhavnі vіdnosini kraїn- chlenіv LICs, Je dvo- that bagatostoronnі contract.

Yak organіzatsіya LICs priymaє reports of The Committee is the protocol. Pong is not toil nadderzhavnogo nature and spryamovanі on uzgodzhennya tochok Zora that koordinatsіyu Act reasonably powers. Rіshennya organіv LICs toil dopomіzhny character abo stosuyutsya vnutrіshnіh power organіzatsіy. Sered rіshen For the sake of heads of states i Heads uryadіv Je th takі scho bezposeredno vplivayut vіdpovіdnі to please the sovereign powers.

Mіzhparlamentska asambleya kraїn LICs priymaє rekomendatsіynі zakonodavchі acti. Tse no scho Lots Other, yak modelnі law. Napriklad on the 5th Plenary zasіdannі Mіzhparlamentskoї asambleї (29 Zhovtnya 1994 p.) Bulo Perche priynyato Chastain tsivіlnogo Model Code kraїn LICs, at the 6th plenary zasіdannі (13 Travnia 1995 p.) - Other.

Stosovno sub'єktіv torgovelnogo turnover in the furrows of the UMP priynyatі:

• lands at about spriyannya stvorennі that rozvitku virobnichih, komertsіynih, credit fіnansovih, insurance i zmіshanih transnatsіonalnih ob'єdnan (Moscow, 15.04.94);

• Konventsіya about transnatsіonalnі korporatsії (Moscow, 03.06.98). Vіdnosini in sferі kupіvlі-sale regulyuyut takі Acti:

• lands about stvorennya Zoni vіlnoї torgіvlі (Moscow, 15.04.94);

• Rules viznachennya Kraina pohodzhennya product (Moscow,

9.24.93);

• lands about spіvrobіtnitstvo in the Branch zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі (Tashkent, 05/15/92);

• lands about reeksport tovarіv i order vidavannya dozvolіv on reeksport (Moscow, 15.04.94);

• lands zagalnі minds about supply tovarіv mіzh organіzatsіyami

SND (Kyiv, 03.20.92).

In sferі virobnichoї kooperatsії ukladenі:

• lands about zagalnі minds i mehanіzm pіdtrimki rozvitku virobnichoї kooperatsії of companies i Galuzo LICs (Ashgabat, 23.12.93);

• Primіrna lands about virobnichu kooperatsіyu mіzh sub'єktami LICs (Moscow, 15.04.94).

In sferі transported ukladenі takі mіzhderzhavnі Acti:

• lands about control transkordonnim transported nebezpechnih that іnshih vіdhodіv (Moscow, 04.12.96);

• Konventsіya about mіzhnarodnі avtomobіlnі pasazhirіv carried that baggage (Bіshkek, 10/09/97).

In sferі tsіnnih paperіv way to please about regulyuvannya mіzhderzhavnogo Rinku tsіnnih paperіv (Mіnsk, 22/01/93).

Schodo nedobrosovіsnoї konkurentsії that obmezhuvalnoї dіlovoї practice ukladenі:

• lands about uzgodzhennya antimonopoly! ' polіtiki (Moscow,

3.12.93);

• Dogovіr about Venue of uzgodzhenoї antimonopolnoї polіtiki (Ashgabat, 23.12.93).

In sferі іnvestitsіy ukladenі takі Acti:

• lands about vzaєmne viznannya rights regulyuvannya vіdnosin vlasnostі (Bіshkek, 10/10/92);

• Dogovіr about stvorennya Ekonomіchnogo Union (Moscow, 09.24.93);

• lands at about spіvrobіtnitstvo sferі іnvestitsіynoї dіyalnostі

(Ashgabat, 12/24/93);

• Konventsіya about Zahist rights іnvestora (Moscow, 03.28.97).

Mіzhderzhavnі acti scho stosuyutsya rozv'yazannya gospodarskih sporіv:

• lands about the order rozv'yazannya sporіv, pov'yazanih Zi zdіysnennyam gospodarskoї dіyalnostі (Kiev, 03/20/92);

• Konventsіya about Legal Relief i pravovі vіdnosini s tsivіlnih, krimіnalnih that sіmeynih right (Mіnsk, 22/01/93);

• lands about the order vzaєmnogo vikonannya rіshen arbіtrazhnih, gospodarskih i ekonomіchnih sudіv on teritorії LICs (Moscow, 06.03.98).

In sferі іntelektualnoї vlasnostі ukladenі:

• lands pro come in s receptionists promislovoї vlasnostі that stvorennya Mіzhderzhavnoї for power s receptionists promislovoї vlasnostі (Moscow, 03.12.93);

• lands at about spіvrobіtnitstvo sferі receptionists avtorskogo right i sumіzhnih Rights (Moscow, 09.24.93);

• Єvrazіyska Patent konventsіya (Moscow, 09.09.94).