home Finance Groshi that loan - Savluk M.I.

Groshi that loan - Savluk M.I.

7.3. EXT. J. M. Keins at rozvitok kilkisnoi theoretical poets

Theory of the groschen loan in the course of science in the fall of one of the most economically viable enterprises of the 20th century. J. M. Keynes. Ій він dedicating a number of prac, zokrema "Treatise on the grotesque reform" (1923), "Treatise on the groys" (1930) and "Загальна теорія зайнятості, процені и гроше" (1936).

Otsinyuchi in the capital of Keynes in the theory of pennies, so that two zauvazhennya:

1. In his own dossiers, Keynes did not conceive of cardinal nourishment of the theory of pennies - їх сутності та вартості. In the cichs, the Pitanni vin poninistyu zalshivsya on the traditional for kilkisnikov positsіnominalisticheskoy teorii, nazivayuchi groshi vitvomom power, and vartnast ikh vychachav yak result kilkisnogo spivvidnoshennya maisi groschen і masi goods in turni, tobto z positsіy kіlkіsnoї teorії. Keynes takozh ambiguously pidkreslyuvav, scho for nezmіnnostі vsіh іnshih chinnikіv vplyvu on tsіni, zmіna kіlkosty groshno directly vpplevaє on rіven tsin, hoccei vplyv not є directly proportional.

2. To the head spinners of the pre-Isis dick of Keynes in the theory of bullets, the pittance of the mass and the roll of a penny in the creation process. Shchodo tsikh pitan vin tsilkovito dosrimuvavsya metologii monetaristskoe teorii groshe, for the anchor head obektov naukovyh doslenie povinni buti priklynі asykor vichorstannya groshe v ekonomichi.

JM Keynes did not spiritsya on the direction of his own movements, but the pishov gave a definite end in the finely finished theories of "regulating groschen", "kerenofiiinflyatsii," the monetary contribution to the economic cycle, the development of the vibrobitveva in fact.

Ідея Туган-Барановського about вплив кількості groshe na tsіni і виробництво through механізм of the discount percent не тільки has laid down in a basis теорії groshes Keynesa, and y vyyavilsja keyovim її element. Through a percentage of that investment, vynachach straight lines wedge the amount of money spent on the process of entry, and in percentage terms, vbachach the main importance of the monetary policy of the state.

At the same time, JM Keynes will not forgive poglublyachyi іde kіlkіsnoї теорії грошей. Він посідає своє особливе місце у світовій економічній думці взагалі і в теорії гросин зокрема. The specificity manifested itself in a number of theoretic visnovkіv schodo mekhanizmu pouring a pittance on the real sector of the economy and the role of monetary policy in the state-controlled economy, they did not fit into the spoils of the process of developing the neoclassical theory of pennies.

Spiruyuchis on doslozhdzhenya ekonomichnyh crisis, yakі periodicheskoy shaken svitovu economist in the course of the 50 remaining rock, JM Keynes dyshov visnovku, scho in the new instincts of the rinkian mechanism of the suslinnyi vidvodrennya not self-propelled, on ambushes self-regulating zabezpechity dostizhnu rinkovu rivnivu і rіvnnіrnіst економічного розвитку. Tomikel is subject to the necessity of supplementing the mechanics with the sovereign regulations of the economy.

JM Keynes remained vidkinuv postulati klassicheorii teorії, sho "groshi not majut znachennya" vіdtovyuvalnomu protsessi, scho tse lishe prikotoryadnyi tehnіchnyi іnmentment, і dovіv protinezhne: groshi majut suttveve znachenniya i vikonuyut samostіynu role in rozvitku ekonomiki. Wongs actively vplyivayut on the motives of the guide economical sub'ektiv, on їх the governor's rіshennya і tomі є дёрлом інструлювання підприємницької азізні визів виробництва. Tim himself vyn vidkinuv "klassichnu dichotomiyu", scho created glyboky by building a real estate sphere with real economy and a penny sphere. By the main channel of calls in various spheres, Keynes recognized the rate of interest, yak zaznache vplyvu forces of the grotesque rinku (popita and propositional pennies) and one-second itself vplyvaє on priyinyatya rishen about maybutnі інвестиції.

In addition to the Keynesian positions, the third pillar accumulated - about the possibility of an effective regulation of the penniless and sacredness of the country, by the power of the instrument to invest in the economy, about spending money on the economy, and on the method of zlagdzhuvannya kolivan economical cycle that vlivu on economic development in vzagali. Otozh, vin zakinchenu concept "keryovyh groshe", scho was based on a wide power regulyuvannі propositsіії pennies that bula is straightforward for the stimulation of an effective drink. Groshi became the subject of the state regulation and the one-hour instrument of state power in economics through the mechanism of monetary policy.

Keynes zmistiv center analizu roli groshe in ekonomichi za dovgostrokovykh chasovikh intorvaliv, yak tsebili neoklasiki, on short-line, to the same tilki on tsikh inte rivals can be boo z'yasuvati mehanizm ekonomichnogo koleta ta vyasniti zv'yazok groshe z yogo rozvitkom. Tse Buv noviy pіdhіd, yaky giving mozhnlіst Keynesu zbobiti naipovy novyі vysnovki.

Zokrema vіn dovіv, scho on short-rowed intervals, in cash, do not penny in on the economy, but not for the postulates of the kilkіsnoї teorії, tobto not through the tsіni, but from the third-line іnshih іnstrumentіv, peredusim norms of interest. Prior to the entry of the Visinov Prišov, the results of the shakedown of the "Theory of Kasoviks Bay", formed by the Cambridge School. Keynes glyboko vivchiv role of interest in the dynamic real economy, nasampered through zv'yazok "interest - investment". Зміна rates of interest without a glimpse on вінвестиційну активність економічних sub'єктів: at підвищенні percent воны знижується, and at зниженні - підвищується. Динаіка ж інвестицій безпосередньо впливає на зміну інвестиційного попиту, зайнятості, крупів виробництва, темпів економічного зростання.

Lanzug causally-narodkovy zv'yazіv in a penny mehanizmi vplyuvu na ekonomiku Keynes vibuduvav for such a scheme: zmіna groshovoi propositsії zumovlyuє zmіnu rivnya percentage rate, Shcho, from his chervonu, to bring up zmіni інвестиційном попиті і through multiplicative efekt - up to zmіni obyagіv nominalnogo GDP . At zvjazku zim the transfer mehanizm vplyvu groshe on real ekonomiku, sho vyplivaє z Keynsianskogo kontceptii, mozhe bouti vyrazheny with such a formula:

Mal. 53

De Pr - rate of interest, І - popit on investments, P3 - zagalnyi otgag platospromozhnogo popita, GDP - nominal vyroblenogo GDP.

Otzhe, tsya the formula of the requests of the visors is portrayed by the formula of the transfer mechanism of Tugan-Baranovsky, the incidents are not affected by such factors, but the food for the platosphere popits that psychologic otsinka by economical sub-elements of the grotesque vengeance (in fl uence).

Gathered in the transfer mechanism of interest, that investment literally roztyagnulo lanciug zv'yazku mizh masoyu groshei i tsinami, zogrobilo yogo not so zhorstkim, scho svirtilo rozshirennju between zbilshennya prozozyciya penniless without інфляційних наслідків. Tse gave pidstavi Keynesu zahischati perevagi "weak" currency before the "firm", the admissibility of pomnirnoy інфляції, доцільність політики "cheap penny". Він вван таку інфляцію цілком виправданою ціною за активізацію коньюнктури ринку, stimuljuvannya efektivnogo попиту з метю приприяння зайнятості та економічного зростання.

In the tradition of the Cambridge school, JM Keynes has importantly analyzed the motivation of a pile of pennies. Keynes has three: transactional, both are speculative. The first two are dealt with in a traditional roll of groschak yak zasobu obigu ta pay. Vony zdebilshogo obededitsya pіd zagalnoyu nazvoyu "transaktsіyny popit, yaky zalizhit vіd osoguga obshcheobommіnih udod chi chihu. The main novelty, introduced by Keynes, is the violeading of the third element to the populace for grotesques-popita for speculative gaps. Keynes, after he had dealt with the dinamikoyu tsini for financial activists, zokrem oblgacii, tobto with a percentage. Відтак він having interrogated in an analisis rozpodіlu індивідуумом the income елемент viboru. І head maverick, but the bow is important, regularity of speculative popita, yak i vsogo popita on groshi. Keynes vvazav norm of interest. Tom sukupny will drink on the gros (M) in Keynes warehousing in two parts: transactional (M1), the function of income, and speculative, the function of the percent (M2):

Mal. 54

De L1 (y) is the function of income;

L2 (i) is the percentage function.

Keynes did not exclude the possibility of financial in fl uence in the over-the-counter prodigious pennies. Naroshchuvannya її can not swallow such a river, for a very high interest rate znizhuyutsya to critical

Low inter. Behind her, the economist has to spend so much time in "pouring pasta." Економічні суб'єкти віддають перевагу накопиченню ліквідності, cease to be narushchuvati дохідні activet, interest rate stabілізується і починає підвищуватися. In cich umovah ceases to be late for life, populate lentsyukok zv'yazku mizh groshima i vibrobnitsvom. Farther away zrostannya proposoziії grosch sprichinit rozbalansovannіst rinkiv, zrostanja tsіn ta vysoku іnflyatsіyu. In the case of Keynes, weakened the slackness of the penniless yak of the economical regulator and the lack of efficiency in monetary policy in the stabilization of economy.

Cis visnovki gave Keynesu pidstavit zvernutisya fiskalno-budgetary polikiki yak nayinishogo tak efektivnіshogo ekonomichnogo regulyuvannya. Він вважав, що з допомогою регулювання податків та дефіцитного бюджетного фінансування суспільних потреб can be more operatively and дійово впливати на платоспроможний попит, ніж через монетарну політику.

Prote slid zauvazhiti, scho natto vіlne defitsitne fіnnsuvannya z stavnogo buduyu przvozhd up to the very same nadmirnyi zostanany popita tu ruinivnogo іnflyatsії, yak і trivale spent monetary coins "cheap pennies." The problem of polygamy is not in the vybori shlyakhu "pumping" of the plateau-popu - monetary chi of the fiscally-budgetary, but in the visually effec- tive populist virishalnyu lankoyu vidvtuyuvalnogo process і in absolutizatsi yogo roli in the process. Realization of such a preexisting trail of the trivial hour is inevitable before the awarding of independence to the opposite direction of "pumping" the effective drink, but it manifested itself in the real economy, but managed its own economy with the recommendations of JM Keynes.

Economical theory Keynes gliboko vpylanu all economical duma Zakhodu. Vona bula dominoychoyu stretch to a few tens, її recommendations widely accustomed to the economical programs урядів більшості західних країн. The goal is to explain the timetable, the Keynesian doctrine was announced at the site of the Great Economic Depression 1929-1933 pp., If the traditional monetary policy of the bula is paralyzed and vyyavilasya not possible to raise the economy from grave crises. Recommendations Keynes allowed to actively vplyivti peredusim on zaynyatіst і and vyrobnitsva yak "yayvuzhchі" mіscya ekonomichnogo rozvitku, vkazuyuchi shlyakh vidhodu z krizi.

Коли період "великої депресії" bypassing (the familiar world of the keeper of the Keynesian poleis "cheap pennies"), look economists and politicians all the time become zvertatisya to її інфляційної warehouses. I fell into the world of Keynesian prescriptions in the morning of the fall of the in fl ation. Dedalі bіslos doslіdnikіv zvertali respect for those of the concept of Keynes not priastosovani for analizu gospodarskih situatsі, scho characterize stіykim pіvіschennyam zagalnogo рівня цін. Tse called to criticism Keynesianism naprikintsi 60's - on the cob 70-ies and before shvidkogo rozcharuvannya u ts'omu vchennі. On the first plan, the problem of incarnation and role in the nineteenth century was broken. Tsya sphere analizu zavzhdi bula traditsionnoyu patrimonial kilkisnoї teorії. Behind the Keynesianism, the reputations of the "pro-inflationary doctrine" have been closed, and the price of dynamism has been reduced, and the purchase of money for the victim has been lost to the zavadniks at a high tempo of an economical zostanie.

Zagalne rozcharuvannya in the miraculous character of Keynesian recipes has potenilo vpliv hedges in the neoclassical theory of pennies, they have vividly updated the traditional kilkіsnu theory, having pressed the vigil of daily monetarism.