home Finance Groshі that credit - Savluk M.І.

Groshі that credit - Savluk M.І.

13.5. BANK MІZHNARODNIH ROZRAHUNKІV

Naystarіshoyu Credit іnstitutsієyu regіonalnogo type Je Bank mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv (BIS). Bank Bulo zasnovano in hodі realіzatsії plan Jung pіslya Pershoї svіtovoї vіyni sіchnya 1930 20 p. vіdpovіdno to mіzhuryadovih land. Mainly methane yogo stvorennya polyagala in vregulyuvannі problems platezhіv Nіmechchini. Zasnovnikami BIS grupa steel іz six central bankіv (Belgії, Velikobritanії, Nіmechchini, Іtalії, Frantsії that Yaponії) i grupa US bankіv on cholі s Bankіrskim house Morgan. For Zgoda storіn Bank CCB roztashovany in Shveytsarії, yak Nadal Yomou Ustanovchu hartіyu, ale yogo dіyalnіst regulyuєtvya mіzhnarodnim right. Nova mіzhnarodna organіzatsіya guilty bula spriyati spіvrobіtnitstvu Central bankіv kraїn-uchasnits i nadavati dodatkovі mozhlivostі schodo zdіysnennya mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih operatsіy (3 statte Perche Statute). BIS rozpochav his dіyalnіst Travnia 1930 17 p. in Bazelі. Until 1932 p. Yogo uchasnikami steel slit 19 kraїn Єvropi.

Bank mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv nezmіnne zalishaєtsya Central bankіvskoyu install on svіtovіy arenі. Vіn nalezhit central bank kraїn-chlenіv, kontrolyuєtsya them nadaє Cheema Sotho spetsіalіzovanih poslug central bank members of the BIS yak, so i іnshim central bank.

A s the main tsіley mіzhnarodnoї dіyalnostі Bank polyagaє in zmіtsnennі mіzhnarodnoї fіnansovoї stabіlnostі. Osoblivoї aktualnostі such dіyalnіst nabuvaє in Suchasnyj minds іntegratsії svіtovih fіnansovih rinkіv. Tse viznachaє Location i The role of banks in sistemі mіzhnarodnih vіdnosin: BIS Je mіstsem zustrіchі predstavnikіv Central bankіv; Je Central Bank bankіv - zberіgaє їh deposits SSMSC stanovlyat digit chastku svіtovih Monetary rezervіv, zdіysnyuє rozrahunki mіzh them on klіringovіy osnovі; Yea agent owes a special debt abo dovіrenoyu s rіznomanіtnih mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih domovlenostey.

The members of the BIS ninі Je 41 CENTRAL BANK kraїn Єvropi, Azії, Africa is the United States, a number of kraїn ochіkuyut rіshennya schodo Included їh to BIS. US predstavlenі at Bank City Bank Corp, and not the Federal Reserve System (FRS). However Stay tіeno spіvpratsyuє s Bank: on schomіsyachnih naradah in Bazelі (Bazelsky club) i zagalnih Zborov zasnovnikіv BIS zavzhdi prisutnіy Member For keruyuchih Fed. Prіoritet in upravlіnnі dіyalnіstyu BIS nalezhit kraїnam Zahіdnoї Єvropi.

For the legal status of the BIS Je kompanієyu s obmezhenoyu vіdpovіdalnіstyu, scho Got vipuscheny aktsіonerny kapіtal. Statutory aktsіonerny kapіtal bank mіzhnarodnih rozrahu nkіv becoming 1.5 billion in gold frankіv viglyadі 600,000 aktsіy s rіvnoyu nomіnalnoyu vartіstyu (2500 Golden frankіv for aktsіyu). Vіdpovіdno to stattі 7 of the Statute of the BIS, aktsії scho vipuschenі (517,125 aktsіy) povnіstyu oplachenі s rozrahunku 25% їh nomіnalnoї vartostі (625 gold for frankіv aktsіyu). During the camp 31 Bereznev 1997 p. paid Chastina aktsіonernogo kapіtalu BIS becomes 323,200,000 gold frankіv.

On kapіtal Bank cutaneous Krajina-uchasnitsya furrows in Svoge patho-Vågå vnesku zdіysniti abo Mauger directly pіdpisku on aktsії abo sales їh vіdkritomu on the foreign exchange market. Purshia Way peredbachaє, scho banks tsentralnі samі pіdpisuyutsya on aktsії, while others - scho stink shaping can organіzuvati publіchnu pіdpisku on aktsії in svoїh kraїnah. Vіdpovіdno to another pіdhodu Chastina Key infrastructure aktsіy in Belgії, Frantsії i Povny Key infrastructure in the US Private nalezhit aktsіoneram. Chastka Tsikh derzhatelіv in kapіtalі bank becomes 14%, i blizko 86% vipuschenogo aktsіonernogo kapіtalu zareєstrovano on іm'ya Central bankіv. Usі aktsії toil rіvnі rights otrimannya schorіchnih divіdendіv, once s note of the voting rights (prisutnostі) nalezhit viklyuchno central bank tієї Kraina have yakіy vіdbuvalas pervіsna pіdpiska on natsіonalny aktsіy Key infrastructure.

Admіnіstrativna structure BIS Got three organs: zagalnі Zborov aktsіonerіv, glad i direktorіv pravlіnnya.

Zagalnі Zborov sklikayutsya schoroku, yak usually have other ponedіlok chervnya s predstavnikіv Central bankіv-aktsіonerіv, Voice yakih rozpodіlyayutsya proportsіyno to kіlkostі їh aktsіy.

Prior warehouse For direktorіv incoming shіst keruyuchih Central bankіv. Krіm of cutaneous іz naznachaє them slit one member predstavlyaє yaky yogo kraїnu. Sogodnі members for direktorіv Je keruyuchі Central bankіv Belgії, Nіmechchini, Іtalії, Velikobritanії, Frantsії i For keruyuchih head the US Federal Reserve. Provisions of the Statute peredbachaє vibіr have not slit Radu bіlshe dev'yati keruyuchih іnshih Central bankіv-chlenіv. Infect vibranimi members Je Canada Nіderlandi, Shveytsarіya, Shvetsіya that Yaponіya. Іz number chlenіv For direktorіv obiraєtsya head i priznachaєtsya president of the bank (s 1948r. Tsі Dvi plant a vikonuє one person). W 30 chervnya 1997 p. tsі Plant obіymaє keruyuchy Natsіonalnim Bank Belgії Alphonse Verplatse.

Rada direktorіv priznachaє head manager (ninі him Je Endre D. Crockett) that іnshih chlenіv pravlіnnya, yak zdіysnyuє operational dіyalnіst s kerіvnitstva bank.

BIS vikonuє tsіly number funktsіy. Zokrema vіn:

* Zdіysnyuє wider colo bankіvskih operatsіy s metoyu spriyannya central banks in upravlіnnі їh currency reserves, tobto Je BIS central bank bankіv;

* Sluguє Forum (organіzatorom) mіzhnarodnogo penny-currency credit i spіvrobіtnitstva, in the framework yakrgo perіodichno zustrіchayutsya kerіvniki Central bankіv;

* Vistupaє іnformatsіyno-doslіdnim s power center penny and credit is the monetary and fіnansovih vіdnosin;

* Vikonuє funktsії agent that individuals dovіrenoї s vikonannya mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih land, in addition to 1994 chislі p. in the framework ЄS.

Yak Central Bank bankіv BIS vikonuє vazhlivu funktsіyu coordinator dіyalnostі Tsikh bankіv. Vodnochase not tіlki tsentralnі banks aktsіoneri and second INSHI tsentralnі banks (blizko 120), and takozh rіznomanіtnі mіzhnarodnі fіnansovі vikoristovuyut place the BIS Bank yak. Krіm zdіysnennya vzaєmnih mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv, vіn nadaє usіlyakі fіnansovі Hotel schodo upravlіnnya zovnіshnіmi reserves of the Central bankіv.

Krіm of BIS priymaє od Central bankіv korotkostrokovі contribution (up to months at troh) in іnozemnіy valyutі abo Zoloti. On kіnets Bereznev 1997 p. zagalna scrip depozitіv have become BIS blizko 113.1 billion dollars. US, becoming scho blizko 7% svіtovih Monetary zapasіv. Іz tsimi Costa BIS vikonuє takі operatsії:

- Operatsії s currency i tsіnnimi Paper the (mostly korotkostrokovі derzhavnі tsіnnі Papero);

- Deposit and pozichkovі operatsії (nadaє central bank gold zabezpechenі abo Deposits Loans, іnodі nadaє indepen-bezpechenі (rezervnі) Credits for Nadto korotkі line);

- Priymannya Uriadovy vkladіv Especially for the sake of (BIS is not allowed nadavati loans abo Uryadov vіdkrivati ​​їm potochnі rahunki);

- Іnvestitsіynі Hotel upravlіnnya portfolio tsіnnih paperіv;

- Operatsії s kupіvlі-sale i zberіgannya gold;

- INSHI Hotel on svіtovih Rink Agent abo yak correspondent of the Central bankіv (promіzhne fіnansuvannya).

Yak has zaznachalosya, BIS - tse svoєrіdny forum scho spriyaє mіzhnarodnomu spіvrobіtnitstvu bankіv. Vіn regularly organіzovuє in itself zustrіchі (Bazelskі zustrіchі) predstavnikіv Central bankіv kraїn-chlenіv that іnshih Central bankіv, spіvpratsyuє s GROUP ten. Golovna meta Tsikh zustrіchey - dosyagnennya temple stage vzaєmorozumіnnya s power penny-th credit ekonomіchnogo character funktsіonuvannya svіtovoї valyutnoї Sistemi toscho.

BIS stvoryuє mozhlivostі robot rіznomanіtnih komіtetіv (postіynih yak, so i spetsіalnih), scho i vivchayut obgovoryuyut konkretnі power: problems mіzhnarodnoї zaborgovanostі; uprovadzhennya fіnansovih іnnovatsіy, udoskonalennya fіnansovih іnstrumentіv, structure fіnansovih rinkіv, bankіvskogo obvious, zabezpechennya efektivnostі i stabіlnostі systems vnutrіshnіh i mіzhnarodnih platezhіv i rozrahunkіv toscho.

Pid egіdoyu BIS i for yogo pіdtrimki pratsyuyut three rozroblennya s Support Committees that pogodzhennya normative bankіvskih standartіv:

1) Bazelsky komіtet s bankіvskogo lucid - rozroblyaє mіnіmalnі fun- efektivnosti bankіvskogo lucid;

2) Bazelsky komіtet s platezhіv i rozrahunkіv systems - zdіysnyuє perspicuity of mіzhnarodnimi rozrahunkami i rozroblyaє novі mehanіzmi mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv. Naybіlsh znachuschimi Je schodo yogo rekomendatsії rozrahunkіv for fіnansovimi derivatives urahuvannya systemic rizikіv toscho;

3) Postіyny komіtet s єvrovalyut - vivchaє i nadaє rekomendatsії schodo udoskonalennya bankіvskogo regulyuvannya єvrovalyut market analysis.

For Rocky Svoge іsnuvannya BIS peretvorivsya on provіdny іn- / formatsіyno-doslіdnitsky center s i fіnansovih monetary problems. Vіn zbiraє i publіkuє іnformatsіyu about the camp on mіzhnarodnomu Rinku bankіvskih i fіnansovih poslug. Doslіdzhennya bank toil applied nature. BIS gotuє mіzhbankіvsku danih base, access to yakoї toil tsentralnі banks. Vaughn mіstit іnformatsіyu about dіyalnіst Central bankіv zovnіshnіh on the foreign exchange market is the pro camp Tsikh rinkіv.

BIS svoєyu dіyalnіstyu spriyaє vikonannyu mіzhnarodnih fіnansovih land, nadayuchi s tsієyu metoyu poserednitskі i dovіrchі Hotel. When tsomu vіn dіє yak fіskalny Agent abo bank depot zitarіy s mіzhnarodnih lands about poziki. Thus, the role of the BIS vikonuvav agent privatnoї Sistemi klіringovih platezhіv i rozrahunkіv in ekyu at Bankіvskіy asotsіatsії ekyu (BAE). Ninі vіn Je agent schodo klіringovih platezhіv in EURO including. Krіm The Bank Mauger vikonuvati INSHI rіznomanіtnі funktsії, napriklad agent s garantuvannya Povernennya Borg.

UKRAINE not Je participant BIS. Ale Natsіonalny Bank of Ukraine schodo rozglyadaє mozhlivostі organіzatsії spіvrobіtnitstva s BIS. Aje Bank mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv Je great svіtovoyu organіzatsієyu, yak spriyaє mіzhnarodnomu monetary spіvrobіtnitstvu, Je Central Bank bankіv.

VISNOVKI

1. Mіzhnarodnі regіonalnі that currency and kreditnі z'yavilisya in place the XX century. Pong stvorenі that dіyut on osnovі mіzhderzhavnih lands that poklikanі regulyuvati mіzhnarodnі ekonomіchnі vіdnosini, їh meta - spriyati rozvitku zovnіshnoї torgіvlі th mіzhnarodnogo that regіonalnogo monetary and fіnansovogo spіvrobіtnitstva, pіdtrimuvati rіvnovagu platіzhnih balansіv kraїn scho incoming to them regulyuvati Kursi їhnіh currencies nadavati loans CIM kraїnam i garantuvati privatnі poziki behind a cordon.

2. Mіzhnarodnі regіonalnі that currency and fіnansovі organіzatsії toil svoї tsіlі, virіshuyut rіznі zavdannya that dіyut on that global regіonalnomu rіvnyah, їh dіyalnіst Je vazhlivoyu warehouses svіtovogo that regіonalnogo spіvrobіtnitstva th іntegratsії. UKRAINE, rozvivayuchi spіvrobіtnitstvo s s bagatma them namagaєtsya іntegruvatisya in svіtovu ekonomіchnu system.

3. The role of the I Nayvazhlivіshu Sered Names mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy vіdіgrayut Mіzhnarodny Monetary Fund (IMF) i Mіzhnarodny Bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku (IBRD), yaky Je bunt Set GROUP Svіtovogo bank. Okrіm IBRD, to the structure of Grupo Svіtovogo bank incoming Mіzhnarodna fіnansova Corporation (IFC), Mіzhnarodna asotsіatsіya rozvitku (IDA), Bagatostoronnya agentsіya garantuvannya іnvestitsіy (BAP), and takozh Mіzhnarodny center uregulyuvannya іnvestitsіynih konflіktіv (MTSUІK).

4. IMF - mіzhnarodna nadnatsіonalna monetary organіzatsіya, scho Got status spetsіalіzovanoї predstavnitskoї place the UN. IMF spriyaє mіzhnarodnomu currency spіvrobіtnitstvu that stabіlіzatsії currencies pіdvischennyu stage їh konvertovanostі, pіdtrimuє rіvnovagu platіzhnih balansіv kraїn-chlenіv Fund nadaє korotkostrokovі loans kraїnam Member Fund for pokrittya timchasovogo defіtsitu їhnіh platіzhnih balansіv on lіkvіdatsіyu Monetary obmezhen, organіzovuє Advisory Relief h fіnansovih i Monetary power.

5. IBRD - one h i naybіlshih nayvplivovіshih in svіtі mіzhnarodnih fіnansovo CREDIT SET, yak nadaє dovgostrokovі poziki pid prog derzhavnі tіlki i Uryadov central bank kraїn-chlenіv. IBRD members mozhut Buti tіlki member of the IMF. The basic rіznitsya mіzh IMF IBRD polyagaє that in fact scho IMF bіlshe kontsentruє their uwagi on food korotkostrokovoї fіnansovoї stabіlnostі in kraїnah, todі yak IBRD zoseredzhuєtsya perevazhno on seredno- that dovgostrokovih structural projects that galuzevih peretvoren in ekonomіkah kraїn-chlenіv. Yakscho s yakihos reasons IMF prizupinyaє svoї heating in whether yakіy kraїnі, tse prizvddit to pripinennya program kredituvannya s side IBRD.

6. Regіonalnі mіzhnarodnі credit and place the fіnansovі stvoryuyutsya postupovo, vіdpovіdno to Pevnyi etapіv rozvitku svіtogospodarskih zv'yazkіv that іntensivnostі іntegratsіynih protsesіv. Pong toil All related tsіlі - tse rozvitok Economy, ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva that іntegratsії in regіonі. They have the same type of procedure formuvannya pasivіv, odnakova form pravlіnnya, іdentichnі ob'єkti kredituvannya - perevazhno infrastructure, sіlske Gospodarstwa, dobuvna promislovіst. Loans nadayutsya deprivation kraїnam member.

7. Before nayvіdomіshih regіonalnih credit and fіnansovih SET nalezhat Mіzhamerikansky Bank rozvitku, Afrikansky rozvitku Bank, Bank Azіatsky rozvitku. In furrows єvropeyskogo ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva dіyut kіlka regіonalnih mіzhnarodnih monetary SET, mainly s yakih Je Єvropeysky іnvestitsіyny bank Єvropeysky Monetary Fund spіvrobіtnitstva that іn. For spriyannya kraїnam Tsentralnoї that Shіdnoї Єvropi in stanovlennі rinkovoї Economy єvropeyskimi kraїnami Bulo target at 1991 p. Єvropeysky Bank rekonstruktsії that rozvitku (ЄBRR). Kraїnami Chornomorskogo the swimming pool zasnovano Chornomorsky Bank torgіvlі that rozvitku. UKRAINE Je odnієyu s kraїn-zasnovnits tsogo bank. Yogo s target metoyu pogliblennya іntegratsії that zmіtsnennya zv'yazkіv mіzh kraїnami Chornomorskogo ekonomіchnogo spіvrobіtnitstva.

8. Osoblivіstyu ЄBRR Je pіdtrimka pіdpriєmnitskogo private sector chastka yakogo in іnvestitsіyah ЄBRR guilty stanoviti not less then 60% yak od zagalnogo obsyagu. Fіnansuvannya ЄBRR deposits od proektіv Specifically, loans nadayutsya yak right, so i oposeredkovano on zmіtsnennya fіnansovih іnstitutsіy structurally reorganіzatsіyu great that drіbnim kompanіyam.

9. Bank Mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv Je naydavnіshoyu mіzhnarodnoyu organіzatsієyu, mainly funktsієyu yakoї Je regulyuvannya platezhіv Central bankіv that rozroblennya normative dokumentіv s bankіvskogo visual.

Zapitannya for self-control

1. Shcho Takeo mіzhnarodnі monetary and place the kreditnі that yak їh priznachennya?

2. Shcho oznachaє "principle obumovlenostі"?

3. Yak formuєtsya kapіtal IMF?

4. SSMSC osnovnі tipi vikoristovuє IMF programs have vіdnosinah s With Ukraine?

5. SSMSC іnstitutsії incoming GROUP Svіtovogo to the bank?

6. Yak formuyutsya IBRD resources?

7. Describe mіzhnarodnim regіonalnim monetary organіzatsіyam.

8. SSMSC projection kredituє IBRD Ukraїnі?

9. SSMSC tsіlі stvorennya ЄBRR? Osnovnі eg yogo s spіvrobіtnitstva With Ukraine.

10. Describe osnovnі іnstrumenti fіnansuvannya scho zastosovuє in svoїy dіyalnostі ЄBRR?

11. In chomu polyagaє spetsifіka Bank Mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv?

12. SSMSC osnovnі funktsії vikonuє Bank Mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv?