Legal Encyclopedia. Letter W

Water fund lands.

To the west VF

are lands:

1) occupied by water bodies;

2) ground water protection zones of water bodies;

3) the land allocated for the establishment of the right of way and water intake protection zones, waterworks and other water structures, objects.

C VF belong to a separate category of land and are not just operating basis, but also means of production. Most of these lands -vodopokrytaya, in second place - bog land, cropland area, wood-cous tarnikovoy vegetation.

C VF not occupied by bodies of water, including wetlands, have a complex structure. They are distinguished: agricultural land (arable land, fallow, perennial plantations, grasslands), forest land under trees and shrubs, land development, land under roads, broken

land, other land.

C VF intended for the organization of rational use, restoration and protection of water resources. The main purpose of Z. VF is to use them for the construction and operation of facilities, ensuring the satisfaction of drinking, household, health and other needs of the population, as well as water, agricultural, environmental,

industrial, fisheries,

energy, transport and other state and public needs.

Legal regime Z. VF by the Water and Land Code, the Law "On internal sea waters, territorial sea and contiguous zone of the Russian Federation", "On the State Border of the Russian Federation", "On protection of population and territories from emergency situations of natural and man-made character. "

In accordance with the water legislation of the vast majority of water bodies owned by the state.

The private property is allowed to transmit small in size and non-flowing artificial reservoirs, not

having a hydraulic connection with other surface water bodies.

Water bodies are used in complex, ie, simultaneously for many purposes, and many subjects. Water bodies used for state and municipal needs. However, it is impossible to consider the state and municipal needs as the basis for a ban on the use of water bodies by citizens and legal entities. Water legislation regulates in detail how to use these persons water bodies. This limited usage of water objects is not allowed.
C VF divided into two types: first, dopokrytye land; land adj egayuschie to water bodies, designed to serve the legal entities and citizens-water users.

By vodopokrytym include land that is covered by water permanently or most of the year, ie, surface water, and, accordingly, they form part of a water body. Under the water body refers to the concentration of water on the land surface in the form of its relief or in the bowels, having boundaries, volume and characteristics of the water regime. among

vodopokrytyh lands are lands occupied by the internal sea waters and territorial sea of ​​the Russian Federation. The internal sea waters - water on the landward side of the baselines adopted for counting the width of the territorial sea of ​​the Russian Federation. To the territorial sea of ​​the Russian Federation include the coastal waters 12 nautical miles, measured in accordance with international law and Russian legislation.

Surface water bodies

are permanent or temporary concentration of water on the land surface in the form of its relief, having boundaries, volume and characteristics of the water regime. Surface water bodies are made up of surface water, bottom and banks. These water bodies are multi-functional and value can be provided for use for one or more targets simultaneously.

Surface water bodies

divided into the following types:

1) surface water streams and reservoirs on them. Surface Currents - a surface water bodies of water which are in a constant state of movement.

By surface watercourses are rivers and reservoirs on them, streams, canals and inter-basin redistribution of integrated water resources management;

2) surface waters. Bodies of surface water are surface water bodies of water which are in a state of slow water exchange. For surface waters include lakes, reservoirs, swamps and ponds;

3) glaciers and snowfields. Glaciers are recognized moving natural accumulation of ice of atmospheric origin on the Earth's surface. Snowfields - fixed natural accumulations of snow and ice remaining on the earth's surface during the warm season of the year or part thereof.

In addition to the surface, there are underground water bodies that have their boundaries, volume and characteristics of the water regime. These included: the aquifer, the groundwater basin, the field of groundwater, groundwater yield on land or under water.

Land adjacent to water bodies and intended for maintenance of legal entities and citizens-water users,

are the lands occupied by hydro-technical and other water facilities, and land allocated for right of way along the banks of reservoirs, the main inter-farm canals and reservoirs. These lands do not belong to the category vodopokrytyh land.

The object of each water relations declared a water body or a part thereof. Unlike the land, which is an object of land relations acts as a homogeneous category, are characterized by a huge variety of water species differences. But the body of water - it's not just the concentration of water on the land surface in the form of relief or in the bowels, and the ground on which this water is concentrated.

Participants of water relations are the Russian Federation, RF subjects, municipalities and water users - citizens and legal entities. The powers of the Russian Federation in the field of water relations regulation and Z. water fund include:

1) determination of the state policy in the sphere of use and protection of water bodies;

2) the possession, use and disposal of water bodies, covered by a federal

ownership and management of water resources;

3) development and adoption of federal laws and other normative legal acts of federal government programs;

4) establish procedures for using water bodies;

5) determination of the procedure for establishing water protection zones of coastal protection zones of water bodies and mode of use of their territories;

6) establishment of limits of water use (water consumption and wastewater) for the RF subjects on water bodies, referred to the federal property;

7) determination of the regime of specially protected water bodies under federal ownership, including drinking water sources, their zones and areas of sanitary protection;

8) preparation and implementation of flood protection, prevention and mitigation of harmful effects of water;

9) the reservation of drinking water sources, the federally owned;

10) classified water bodies or their

parts of zones of environmental emergencies and environmental disasters.

The authority of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of use and protection of water bodies include:

1) possession, use, disposal and management of water bodies;

2) the development, approval and implementation of territorial government programs for the use, restoration and protection of water bodies;

3) implementation of state control over the use and protection of water bodies;

4) establishment of differential wages associated with the use of water bodies;

5) the restriction, suspension and prohibition of the use of water bodies;

6) Reservation of drinking water sources;

7) approval of rules for the protection of people's lives on the water;

8) participate in the development of schemes of complex use and protection of water resources;

9) preparation and implementation of flood protection, prevention and mitigation

harmful effects of water on the territory of the RF subject;

10) establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips on water objects;

11) other powers in the sphere of use and protection of water bodies, not covered by the Russian Federation authorities.

Local governments may also have some state powers in the use and protection of water bodies.

Water bodies can be provided for use by one or more of water users, with withdrawal or without withdrawal of land, with limited or no land use restrictions. safety, environmental protection and land mode of use of water bodies of water is determined by the goals.

Use of water bodies for drinking and household

Water supply is a priority. For drinking and household

water should be used protected from pollution and contamination

surface and underground water bodies. Suitability of surface and underground water bodies for drinking and household water supply

It is determined by the state body of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.

The use of underground water objects, suitable for drinking water, for other purposes is not allowed, except for cases stipulated by the Water Code.