home Economy Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

11.6. Dvi alternatives: kupіvlya novoї chi potrimanoї tehnіki, pridbannya tehnіki її abo Orenda

W rozvitkom rіznih organіzatsіynih forms gospodaryuvannya on selі i viniknennyam Mensch for rozmіrami sіlskogospodarskih of companies, power krіm about pіdryad, Postal slit one problem, yak vimagaє od of companies such Sotho ekonomіchnogo virіshennya: kupuvati nova chi potrimanu tehnіku abo obladnannya.

Krіm, in Danian perіod ekonomіchno silnі pіdpriєmstva s metoyu Shvidky do updates svoєї materіalno tehnіchnoї-Bazi i dosyagnennya on tsіy osnovі maintained upstream rezultatіv virobnitstva, pіdvischennya konkurentospromozhnostі produktsії obviously prodavatimut tehnіku its slit until the completion string її service. Pokuptsyami potrimanoї tehnіki th obladnannya mozhut rіznі pіdpriєmstva Buti, ale to Persha Cherga Ti, scho not toil dostatnogo Vlasnyi kapіtalu for novih іnvestitsіy.

Situatsіya s nestacheyu start kapіtalu Mauger sklastisya to whether yakogo type i i rozmіru agrarian of companies in nastupnі prophets s rіznih reasons sub'єktivnogo th ob'єktivnogo nature, scho zumovlyat pogіrshennya їh fіnansovogo will (napriklad, prorahunok assumptions have priynyattі vazhlivih gospodarskih rіshen, znizhennya kon'yunkturi market analysis on produktsіyu, virobnitstvo yakoї Je profіlyuyuchim for danogo pіdpriєmstva, nespriyatlivі pogodnі minds stihіyne famously toscho). Yakscho obstavini skladatimutsya so scho without pridbannya neobhіdnoї tehnіki, obladnannya takі pіdpriєmstva not matimut zmogi Dali efektivnosti zdіysnyuvati processes virobnitstva then їh kerіvnitstvo camp before the dilemma: abo take credit i kupuvati nova tehnіku, abo Well for rakhunok Vlasnyi koshtіv (mozhlivo s chastkovim zaluchennyam Credit resursіv) kupuvati potrimanu the-nіku. Dwellers priynyati correctly rіshennya, potrіbno peredbachiti OAO All bazhanі i nebazhanі naslіdki scho matimut Location vnaslіdok of chi іnshogo Vibor. Otzhe, neobhіdno porіvnyati OAO All perevagi i vtrati.

Perevagi od kupіvlі novoї tehnіki (obladnannya): Won, yak usually bіlsh productive, nadіynіsha in ekspluatatsії, zruchnіsha in upravlіnnі, bіlsh comfortable, otzhe "prestizhnіsha" vimagaє Mensch vitrat for repairs tehnіchne obslugovuvannya, palivo i mastilnі materіali, zabezpechuє vischu yakіst robіt not vimagaє shvidkoї zamіni.

Vtrati od pridbannya novoї tehnіki (obladnannya): potrіbny bіlshy obsyag kapіtalovkladen, zrostayut vitrati on amortizatsіyu i strahovі platezhі, zbіlshuєtsya podatok (percent) on the Main; for nestachі Vlasnyi kapіtalu potrіbny credit otzhe, i dodatkovі vitrati on viplatu protsentіv for Demba; nerіdko potrіbno bude peredbachiti vitrati on perekvalіfіkatsіyu pratsіvnikіv, SSMSC obslugovuvatimut Taku tehnіku.

Perevagi od kupіvlі potrimanoї tehnіki (obladnannya): potrіbny Mensch Homepage kapіtal; zmenshuyutsya vitrati on amortizatsіyu, strahovі platezhі, viplatu protsentіv for Main, vіdpadaє neobhіdnіst in perekvalіfіkatsії farmer (obslugovuyuchogo staff) for ekspluatatsії tehnіki.

Vtrati i od zagrozi pridbannya potrimanoї tehnіki: zrostayut vitrati for repair, Fuel type, color i nerіdko on robochem force scho obslugovuє Stara tehnіku; tehnіka, yak usually Mensch productive, Got nizhchu ekspluatatsіynu nadіynіst and through Tse Mauger prostoyuvati sama in perіod zbіgu sіlskogospodarskih robіt not zavzhdi zabezpechuє yakіst temple.

Porіvnyannya perevag i vtrat zvoditsya, kіnets-kіntsem to viznachennya obsyagu rіchnih vitrat on ekspluatatsіyu novoї i potrimanoї tehnіki on odinitsyu Robot i to otsіnki mozhlivostey zabezpechennya nadіynostі ostannoї.

Perevaga vіddaєtsya to varіantu kupіvlі tehnіki for yakogo dosyagayutsya menshі zagalnі rіchnі vitrati on її utrimannya. Yakscho have rіznitsya vitratah small, the residual rіshennya dotsіlno priymati s urahuvannyam іnshih faktorіv scho vіdіgrayut vazhlivu role in individual minds pіdpriєmstva robots. Napriklad, rіshennya on korist kupіvlі novoї tehnіki pіdpriєmstvo Mauger priynyati, if available credit i nizkі protsentnі rates for Demba farmer abo obslugovuyuchy tehnіku staff not Got neobhіdnih tehnіchnih navichok for pіdtrimki vzhivanoї tehnіki in robochem stanі i provedennі svoєchasnogo that yakіsnogo repair, if nevіdoma reason for sale tehnіki kolishnіm vlasnikom i nemozhlivіst bіlsh-Mensch exactly viznachiti її tehnіchny camp.

Rіshennya on korist kupіvlі potrimanoї tehnіki Mauger Buti priynyate todі, if nazvanі factorization dіyut in zvorotnomu napryamі, tobto if obmezhenі mozhlivostі obsession loan i visokі protsentnі rates for Demba, obslugovuyuchy staff pіdpriєmstva abo the farmer toil neobhіdnu kvalіfіkatsіyu for ratsіonalnogo obslugovuvannya th ekspluatatsії takoї tehnіki toscho.

In protsesі gospodarskoї dіyalnostі before agrarian pіdpriєmstvami Mauger slit line-item one problem: kupuvati tehnіku (nova abo potrimanu) chi її orenduvati. Perevagu operativnіy orendі nadayut zdebіlshogo in dvoh vipadkah:

• if pіdpriєmstvu neobhіdno vikonati Pevnyi Razovu robot abo schorіchnі nevelikі obsyagom for robots, for yakih potrіbna spetsіalіzovana tehnіka and її kupіvlya ekonomіchno nedotsіlna through Nadto visokі postіynі vitrati on odinitsyu vikonuvanih tsієyu tehnіkoyu robіt (amortizatsіyu, podatok toscho am Main). Napriklad, nedotsіlno Gospodarstwa kupuvati subsoil plows, Yakscho in Demba vinikaє require zdіysniti dokorіnne polіpshennya natural lukіv, oskіlki tsya robot single, i pіdpriєmstvo nestime zbitki in sumі, adekvatnіy postіynim vitratam, SSMSC schorіchno narahovuyutsya on whether yaky view tehnіki;
• if pіdpriєmstvo namagaєtsya rozshiriti scale virobnitstva, ale Got obmezhenі mozhlivostі obsession kreditіv, vstanovilisya visokі protsentnі bet on them, nayavnі spriyatlivі Orenda minds. Dwellers zrobiti visnovok about dotsіlnіst Orenda tehnіki, potrіbno zdіysniti analіz vartostі pridbannya tehnіki, viznachivshi rіchnu scrip vitrat on її utrimannya in rozrahunku on odinitsyu vikonanih robіt, i porіvnyati tse s orendnoyu dress that іnshimi vitratami, Yakscho takі peredbachenі contract Orenda.

In sіlskomu gospodarstvі Ukraine orenda tehnіki yak Novi type virobnichih vіdnosin mіzh agrarian tovarovirobnikami zapochatkovuєtsya deprivation. W tsієї Reason Has Not zovsіm vіdpratsovanі takі osnovnі Elements Names vіdnosin, yak tipi Orenda tehnіki, її termіn, rozmіr orendnoї pay, rozpodіl vitrat mіzh orendarem i orendodavtsem. Tom vazhlivo vrahuvati zarubіzhny dosvіd scho Dusty mozhlivіst uniknuti prorahunkіv. Especially korisnim, zokrema, Je dosvіd US, de orenda tehnіki Got Bhagat іstorіyu i de її rozglyadayut yak vazhlivu minds zmenshennya potreb fermerіv in gotіvtsі i zaluchennya them in processes virobnitstva dodatkovih resursіv, for scho Bulo b іnshih obstavin nemozhlivim.

Fallow od specific obstavin US farmers mozhut vikoristati rіznі tipi Orenda tehnіki, ale naybіlsh poshirenimi Je korotkotermіnova virobnicha i fіnansova Orenda (for Stop mova yshla in rozdіlі 10). For Persha type Orenda farmer oderzhuє in timchasove koristuvannya tehnіku th obladnannya termіnom od kіlkoh dnіv (tizhnіv, months at) up to a rock. Orendna board vstanovlyuєtsya for fіksovanoyu rates per hour, day abo mіsyats vikoristannya tehnіki її without the right to redemption rights. Vitrati to repair i have tehnіchne obslugovuvannya bіlshostі vipadkіv bere on itself orendodavets.

Orendodavtsyami sіlskogospodarskoї tehnіki (obladnannya) in the USA Yea virobniki tehnіki, її prodavtsі, spetsіalno stvorenі for such tsіley fіrmi, komertsіynі banks. Yak bachimo for rozvitku orendnih vіdnosin in sіlskomu gospodarstvі Ukraine neobhіdno i Dali rozvivati ​​potrіbnu for tsogo іnfrastrukturu.