home Economy Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

Agrarian Ekonomіka of companies - Andrіychuk VG

21.5. transoms procedure konkuruyuchih galuzeyі otsіnka alternatives in structuring formuvannі galuzevoї pіdpriєmstva

The essence of postavlenoї problemi polyagaє in fact dwellers pіdіbrati takі roslinnitskі the Branch on produktsіyu yakih іsnuє popit i SSMSC zabezpechuyut in danih minds nayvischu pributkovіst virobnitstva. For such are the dwellers zrozumіti pіdhodu, spochatku for butt skoristaєmosya sproschenoyu virobnichoyu situatsієyu, if virobnichі vitrati in rozrahunku hectare posіvu konkuruyuchih Galuzo mayzhe odnakovі. Oskіlki TAKE yavische spravdі Mauger mother Location in agrarian praktitsі of companies, the Yogo vsebіchny analіz * 2 will give zmogu bіlsh obґruntovano rozv'yazuvati dan problem quiet perevazhayuchih vipadkah, if vitrati in rozrahunku ha i on odinitsyu produktsії konkuruyuchih Galuzo rіznі. Vіdpravnim point її Je provisions zgіdno s Yakima Dvi konkuruyuchі culture Yea odnakovo ekonomіchno vigіdnimi, Yakscho koefіtsієnt zamіni one product іnshim dorіvnyuє zvorotnomu spіvvіdnoshennyu tsіn for Tsikh dvoh produktіv. Koefіtsієnt zamіni in danomu vipadku viznachaєtsya dіlennyam serednoї faktichnoї vrozhaynostі culture, scho yak rozglyadaєtsya ob'єkt zamіni on serednyu vrozhaynіst zamіnnika culture (culture, I want to become mi yakoyu zamіniti іnshu culture).

* 2: {Okremі metodichnі pіdhodi to such analіzu visvіtlenі in zahіdnіy agroekonomіchnіy nautsі.}

Spravedlivіst vkazanogo PROVISIONS Mauger Buti brought on such prikladі. Pripustimo scho Hoca pіdpriєmstvo viznachiti, yak culture Yomou maintained upstream viroschuvati - peas, soybeans chi for minds, scho vrozhaynіst їh vіdpovіdno becoming 30 i 20 kg / ha, and Cena realіzatsії - 56 i 84 USD per hundredweight. Spіvvіdnoshennya vrozhaynostі Tsikh crops (koefіtsієnt zamіni) becomes 1.5: 1 to korist peas and spіvvіdnoshennya tsіn - takozh 1.5: 1, ale on korist soї. Yakscho virobnichі vitrati per 1 ha posіvu Title Culture odnakovі then pіdpriєmstvo oderzhuvatime rіvnoveliky dohіd of 1 ha posіvu peas i soї (30 • 56 = 20 • 84), i Yomou odnakovo, yak s Tsikh dvoh cultures viroschuvati: Yakscho vono Hoca will win 20 c soї then Yomou potrіbno vіdmovitisya od 30 u peas, i navpaki. Otzhe, pіdpriєmstvo Mauger povnіstyu vіdmovitisya od odnієї s dvoh cultures abo visіvati їh in rіznih spіvvіdnoshennyah when i tsomu not yogo dohіd zmіnitsya.

In quiet vipadkah, if koefіtsієnt zamіni bіlshe less then abo tsіnovogo spіvvіdnoshennya (for minds odnakovih virobnichih vitrat hectare posіvu konkuruyuchih cultures), one s vidіv produktsії davatime bіlshe s income odinitsі ploschі porіvnyano s іnshim. Yakbi in Nashomu prikladі vrozhaynіst soї becomes 23 kg / ha, the koefіtsієnt zamіni dorіvnyuvav bi 30: 23 = 1.3, tobto LUVs bi Mensch for koefіtsієnt tsіnovogo spіvvіdnoshennya. For such minds pіdpriєmstvu vigіdnіshe viroschuvati soybeans, peas nіzh, oskіlki at tsomu vono oderzhuvatime bіlshy dohіd (30 • 56 <23 • 84). In danomu vipadku іsnuє usually yakogo slіd dotrimuvatisya: Area zamіnnika-culture (the one at scho stoїt znamenniku at viznachennі koefіtsієnta zamіni) neobhіdno rozshiryuvati for rakhunok konkuruyuchoї, Yakscho koefіtsієnt zamіni less then koefіtsієnta tsіnovogo spіvvіdnoshennya.

In addition razі, if ostannіy pokaznik Je Mensch porіvnyano s koefіtsієntom zamіni, neobhіdno rozshiryuvati Area posіvu culture, yak yak rozglyadaєtsya ob'єkt zamіni (one scho stoїt in chiselniku). Yakbi, skazhіmo, vrozhaynіst peas becomes 32 kg / ha, koefіtsієnt zamіni LUVs bi 1.6: 1 to korist tsієї Culture (32: 20), tobto perevischuvav bi koefіtsієnt tsіnovogo spіvvіdnoshennya. Todі pіdpriєmstvu vigіdnіshe Bulo b viroschuvati peas, oskіlki tsya Galuzo brought b Yomou bіlshy dohіd (32 • 56> 20 • 84). Yakscho pіdpriєmstvu for zakupіvlі on market analysis 20 c soї at the starting minds neobhіdno zaynyati pid peas 1 hectare posіvnoї ploschі i prodatsya viroscheny harvest, when koefіtsієntі zamіni 1.6: 1 i became tsіnovomu spіvvіdnoshennі - 0.94 hectares.

Koli zbіlshennya abo zmenshennya ploschі posіvu odnієї s cultures generally produces up pіdvischennya abo znizhennya її vrozhaynostі abo vrozhaynostі konkuruyuchoї culture, slіd koefіtsієnti zamіni rozrahuvati for rіznih spіvvіdnoshennyah Area i urozhaynostі Tsikh crop i on pіdstavі obsession rezultatіv viyaviti nayratsіonalnіshu kombіnatsіyu Galuzo for yakoї dosyagaєtsya maximum pributkovіst virobnitstva.

Yak perekonuє practice in bіlshostі kombіnatsіy virobnichі vitrati hectare posіvu konkuruyuchih Galuzo not odnakovі scho unemozhlivlyuє vikoristannya tsіn for virіshennya tsієї problem. Tom vinikaє neobhіdnіst in zastosuvannі іnshih pіdhodіv. Їh Mauger Buti two: Purshia, if in rozrahunku hectare posіvu postіynі vitrati for konkuruyuchih cultures odnakovі and zmіnnі vitrati per quintal produktsії rіznі, todі zamіst koefіtsієnta tsіnovogo spіvvіdnoshennya viznachaєtsya koefіtsієnt spіvvіdnoshennya umovnogo pributku net (profit margins). Ostannіy rozrahovuyut yak rіznitsyu mіzh tsіnoyu realіzatsії quintal produktsії i zmіnnimi vitratami on Tsey obsyag produktsії. OAO All INSHI Lanka rozglyanutoї techniques viyavlennya vigіdnostі zamіni odnієї culture іnshoyu povnіstyu zberіgayut svoє values ​​for danogo vipadku.

Sche bіlsh uskladnyuєtsya zavdannya, if culture vіdrіznyayutsya mіzh obsyagom him not deprivation zmіnnih vitrat and second postіynih, Especially in vipadkah, if for їh viroschuvannya potrіbna spetsіalіzovana tehnіka. Napriklad on virobnitstvі tsukrovih buryakіv i kartoplі zastosovuyutsya rіznі, deprivation for them pritamannі Vidi tehnіki - sіvalki i zbiralny complex pershoї s the name of the crops that i sadzhalki kartoplezbiralnі Harvesters - for Druha. When setting rіvnі vrozhaynostі crops such scrip postіynih vitrat in rozrahunku hectare posіvu Auburn proportsіyna zagalnіy ploschі їh posіvu. So, Yakscho postіynі vitrati, pov'yazanі s vikoristannyam spetsіalіzovanoї tehnіki on virobnitstvі tsukrovih buryakіv at ploschі їh posіvu 180 hectares, to take over 100%, over the ploschі posіvu 250 hectares, yak rozrahovany, napriklad, zbiralny complex KS-6B, KS 6B abo IWC-6, stink stanovitimut by 28 percentage points less then. Tom are another pіdhodu zvoditsya before the dwellers of cutaneous varіantom ploschі posіvu boule obchislenі postіynі vitrati in rozrahunku hectare nazvanoї ploschі and potіm i produktsії per quintal. Before obsession result dodayut zmіnnі vit-rati i vstanovlyuyut thus rank all obsyag virobnichih vitrat. Vіdnіmannyam їh od rinkovoї tsіni viznachayut Prybutok in rozrahunku per quintal produktsії, yaky vikoristovuyut zamіst tsіn for vstanovlennya koefіtsієnta pributkovogo spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh konkuruyuchimi Galuzo.

Zaznachimo scho postіynі i zmіnnі vitrati per quintal produktsії rozrahovuyut obov'yazkovo todі, if takes to uwagi zmіna vrozhaynostі cultures. In іnshomu razі postіynі th zmіnnі vitrati mozhna rozrahovuvati hectare posіvnoї ploschі. Vіdnіmayuchi їh od s culture trumpery income tsієї samoї ploschі, viznachayut Prybutok scho vikoristovuєtsya for vstanovlennya koefіtsієnta pributkovogo spіvvіdnoshennya. Away viznachennya vigіdnostі zamіni odnієї culture іnshoyu zdіysnyuєtsya in Taqiy samy sposіb, yak i for drain vikoristannya koefіtsієnta spіvvіdnoshennya tsіn.