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9.3. Ergonomіchnі vimogi to product

Ergonomіchnіst - tse sukupnіst vlastivostey, SSMSC harakterizuyut pristosovanіst konstruktsії product to vzaєmodії Zi spozhivachem (koristuvachem) s urahuvannyam junction of two physical-bіologіchnih Especially Helsinki Human.

Before bunt minds ratsіonalnogo ergonomіchnogo konstruyuvannya vіdnosyat obov'yazkovy Obl_k spetsifіchnih Components Connection system "Person of - tehnіka - seredovische", scho in viyavlyayutsya protsesі funktsіonuvannya virobu. Such Especially vvazhayut: virobu view that osoblivostі yogo robots; svoєrіdnіst lyudskogo organіzmu; navkolishnogo seredovischa minds. However perevazhnoї bіlshostі spozhivachіv ergonomіchnіst whether yakogo product ototozhnyuєtsya Zi zruchnіstyu. Zruchnіst vikoristannya mozhna viznachiti yak sukupnіst usіh vlastivostey scho harakterizuyut rіven komfortnostі in Helsinki Human vzaєmodії s subject. Yak vіdomo, spozhivach peredovsіm zvertaє sama uwagi on Ti vlastivostі virobu scho yogo tsіkavlyat. Perevagu spozhivachі vіddayut korisnim results rather than processes tehnіchnomu їh stvorennya. Nayprostіsha utilіtarna VZAYEMODIYA Helsinki Human s speeches Got Location for vikoristannya predmetіv NKVD spozhivannya - odyagu, VZUTTYA toscho. Tsі rechі Je nemovbi samoї Helsinki Human Chastain, to stench Musial mother konstruktsіyu th form, yak b vіdpovіdala її anatomії th fіzіologії. Otzhe, Leather goods NKVD spozhivannya treba otsіnyuvati for mіroyu pristosovanostі to Helsinki Human yogo korisnih vlastivostey (Fig. 74).

Complex vimog to vіdnosno virobіv simply awkward, ale for Suchasnyj tehnologіchnogo obladnannya, energonasichenoї pobutovoї tehnіki obov'yazkovimi ergonomіchnimi vimogami Je: dostatnіst robochem expanse; ratsіonalnіst rozmіschennya that chіtkіst potrіbnih pokazhchikіv; zruchnіst lucid for the signal to settle down; Normal rіven natural that piece osvіtlennya (Fig. 75).

Fig. 74. Vimogi to tovarіv scho bezposeredno obslugovuyut spozhivacha

Fig. 75. Zvyazok Helsinki Human s tehnіchnimi goods pobutovogo priznachennya

Osoblivostі lyudskogo organіzmu viznachayut mozhlivos Ti-y way to Helsinki Human vplivu virіb pid hour yogo vikoristannya that tehnіchnogo obslugovuvannya. Proektuyuchi novі goods, vihodyat іz rozumіnnya of scho Person of the complex Got fіzіologіchnih, psihologіchnih, antropometrichnih, bіomehanіchnih characteristics (gіgієnіchnі vimogi takozh shaping can Buti samostіynim component in sistemі "Person of - tehnіka - seredovische").

Especially values ​​for stvorennya zruchnoї in ekspluatatsії (komfortnoї) tehnіki Got vіdpovіdnіst її parametrіv mainly antropometrichnim pokaznikam Helsinki Human (tab. 38).

Thus the rank of requiring peredbachiti vіdpovіdnіst virobіv sanіtarno-gіgієnіchnim standards zhittєdіyalnostі that pratsezdatnostі Helsinki Human. Tse stosuєtsya rіvnya osvіtlennya, vologostі, toksichnostі, noise vіbratsії toscho. Yakіsnim rіvnem osvіtlenostі vvazhayut Taqiy, scho zabezpechuє bezpomilkove Zorov spriynyattya neobhіdnih protsesіv. Vіn viznachaєtsya power i kontrastnіstyu osvіtlennya, kolorom, marriage zaslіplyuyuchih spalahіv. Fіzіologіchnі vimogi skerovano on vrahuvannya fіzіologіchnih vlastivostey Helsinki Human th Especially funktsіonuvannya її organіv chuttya (Zora, sense of smell, hearing, dotiku). Proektuyuchi, napriklad, ruchnі that nozhnі organic upravlіnnya avtomobіlem that іnshoyu analogіchnoyu tehnіkoyu requiring viklyuchiti mozhlivіst bezperervnogo napruzhennya the very m'yaza vodіya protyagom trivalogo hour (static napruzhennya). Antropometrichnі vimogi bazuyutsya on neobhіdnostі vsebіchnogo vrahuvannya in konstruktsії virobu zrostu, masi, Helsinki Human rozmіru that okremih Chastain її tіla. Napriklad, vіdpovіdnіst konstruktsії virobu zrostu operator that rozpodіlu masi yogo tіla and vazhelіv upravlіnnya - funktsіonalnіy anatomії yogo hands. Sort order іz CIM bіomehanіchnі vimogi spriyayut stvorennyu such virobu, vikoristannya yakogo not generally produces up zayvoї misrepresented. Psihologіchnі vimogi toil zabezpechiti mozhlivіst easy i Shvidky formuvannya navichok vikoristannya virobu for priznachennyam. Detalnіshu characteristic ergonomіchnih pokaznikіv of Quality submitted in tab. 39.

Efektivnіst vzaєmodії Helsinki Human s rіznomanіtnoyu produktsієyu bagato in chomu deposits od will navkolishnogo seredovischa. Especially Tse stosuєtsya such parametrіv dovkіllya, yak temperature that vologіst povіtrya, yogo abo rozrіdzhenіst zaporoshenіst. Vazhlivimi ergonomіchnimi vimogami Je takozh neobhіdnіst stvorennya comfortable seredovischa for Helsinki Human scho ekspluatuє (vikoristovuє) goods (tab. 40).

tABLE 38

OSNOVNІ ANTROPOMETRICHNІ DANІ Lyudin (in cm)

* Centimeters.

** Serednokvadratichne vіdhilennya.

tABLE 39

ІЄRARHІCHNA STRUCTURE ERGONOMІCHNIH POKAZNIKІV of Quality Goods

tABLE 40

OSOBLIVOSTІ BRAIN ON ZOVNІSHNOGO SEREDOVISCHA robochem MІSTSІ Lyudin-OPERATOR

Otzhe, headache minds ratsіonalnogo ergonomіchnogo konstruyuvannya Je obov'yazkove Complex vrahuvannya spetsifіchnih Especially Components Connection system "Person of - tehnіka - seredovische", scho pid hour viyavlyayutsya robots virobіv (Figure 76.). Until such Especially vіdnosyat:

• type virobu th yogo osoblivostі funktsіonuvannya;
• osoblivostі organіzmu Helsinki Human;
• dovkіllya minds.

Fig. 76. Driving funktsіonuvannya system "Person of - tehnіka - seredovische"

Main results efektivnosti ergonomіchnogo konstruyuvannya slіd uvazhati dosyagnennya vіdpovіdnogo rіvnya komfortnostі - sukupnostі Positive psihologіchnih, psihofіzіologіchnih that fіzіologіchnih vіdchuttіv Helsinki Human scho vinikayut in protsesі її dіyalnostі in contact razі s navkolishnіmi ob'єktami i seredovischem.

In Suchasnyj svіtі estetichny rіven, ergonomіchnі that funktsіonalnі vlastivostі tovarіv stayut truncated vagomіshimi chinnikami їhnoї konkurentospromozhnostі. Dosyagnennya temple rіvnya that organіchnogo poєdnannya Tsikh vlastivostey zabezpechuєtsya vikonannyam complex spetsіalnih hudozhno-konstruktorskih robіt scho zdіysnyuyutsya on Etap proektuvannya that vigotovlennya product. Prior warehouse tehnіchnogo zavdannya (TK) vklyuchayut spetsіalny pіdrozdіl s vimogami to arts and konstruktsіynih materіalіv, tehnologії obrobki and takozh to ergonomіki virobu. In tehnіchnіy Offers on pіdstavі analіzu rіznih varіantіv vibirayut mainly varіant hudozhno-konstruktorskogo, ergonomіchnogo that texturally-kolorovogo virіshennya. Yogo pridatnіst otsіnyuyut s Relief spetsіalno stvorenih hudozhno-constructive models that maketіv.

The main types of hudozhno-konstruktorskih dokumentіv scho viznachayut ergonomіchnі that estetichnі vlastivostі novih tovarіv, Yea:

• Figure zovnіshnogo viglyadu;
• ergonomіchna scheme Zi zv'yazkami elementіv i parametrіv system "Person of - virіb - seredovische";
• Opis grafіchnih elementіv; map texturally-kolorovogo virіshennya.

In takіy poslіdovnostі tehnіchne konstruyuvannya stvoryuє materіalnu basis of subject and object design formuє Tsey yak spozhivchu tsіnnіst, tobto robit goods prinadlivim for pokuptsya. Zrozumіlo scho tsogo mozhna dosyagti deprivation of minds spіlnoї pratsі konstruktorіv, dizaynerіv that marketologіv.

Problems of complex regulyuvannya power, pov'yazanih s formuvannyam regulatory zabezpechennya protsesіv proektuvannya ergonomіchnih tehnologіchnih systems for drain globalіzatsії ekonomіchnih vіdnosin carols nadzvichaynoї aktualnostі. Sogodnі UKRAINE bere active part in vikonannі robіt іz garmonіzatsії vimog to ergonomіchnostі vіtchiznyanoї produktsії i vimog mіzhnarodnih i regіonalnih standartіv, rekomendatsіy mіzhnarodnih organіzatsіy at the Branch receptionists pratsі i BEZPEKA produktsії. Neschodavno Radoyu golіv uryadіv Powers uchasnits CIS skhvaleno Mіzhderzhavnu programa s rozroblennya standartіv at the Branch BEZPEKA that receptionists pratsі stosovno produktsії for vzaєmnimi supplies for 2000-2005 Rocky.

So rank, termіn "design" at the Yogo nayposhirenіshomu rozumіnnі vikoristovuєtsya for poznachennya vsієї spherical hudozhnogo konstruyuvannya. Vіn ohoplyuє tvorchіst hudozhnikіv-konstruktorіv (proektuvannya practice), the result їhnoї pratsі (virobi scho proyshli hudozhno-konstruktorske rozroblennya - product design), and takozh teorіyu hudozhnogo konstruyuvannya.