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3.8. Teorіya masovogo obslugovuvannya in marketing problems

Bagato ekonomіchnih tasks pov'yazano іz masovogo obslugovuvannya systems (QS), tobto such systems, in yakih, s one side, vinikayut nedetermіnovanі masovі Request (vimogi) on vikonannya yakih nebudu poslug and s іnshogo - vіdbuvaєtsya zadovolennya Tsikh zapitіv for Pevnyi laws . SMO vklyuchaє a takі Elements: dzherelo vimog, vhіdny potіk vimog, Cherga, obslugovuyuchy pristrіy (obslugovuvannya channel) vihіdny potіk vimog. Doslіdzhennyam such systems zaymaєtsya teorіya masovogo obslugovuvannya.

For methods teorії masovogo obslugovuvannya shaping can Buti virіshenі chislennі zadachі in the Branch Marketing. So, in organіzatsії torgіvlі tsі methods give mozhlivіst viznachiti optimally Quantity torgovelnih tochok danogo profіlyu, chiselnіst prodavtsіv, imported frequency tovarіv, INSHI parameters. Іnshim characteristic butt systems masovogo obslugovuvannya mozhut sluguvati depos abo-bazi postachalnitsko zbutovih organіzatsіy; task teorії masovogo obslugovuvannya zvoditsya before dwellers ustanoviti optimally spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh number vimog scho nadіyshli to base on obslugovuvannya, i number obslugovuyuchih pristroїv for yakogo sumarnі vitrati on obslugovuvannya i od zbitki downtime Transport abo vtrati klієntіv boule b mіnіmalnimi. Teorіya masovogo obslugovuvannya Mauger i know zastosuvannya for rozrahunku ploschі skladskih primіschen at tsomu skladska Ploscha rozglyadaєtsya yak obslugovuyuchy pristrіy and pributtya the agriculture zasobіv on rozvantazhennya - yak vimoga.

Sistemi masovogo obslugovuvannya (CMO) for klasifіkuyutsya rіznimi acquaint themselves.

Od fallow minds ochіkuvannya cob obslugovuvannya vimogi rozrіznyayut:

• SMO s vtratami (vіdmovami);
• SMO s ochіkuvannyam (Cherga).

In SMO s vіdmovami vimogi scho postupayut at the moment, if OAO All channeling obslugovuvannya zaynyatі, dіstayut vіdmovu i vtrachayutsya. Klasichnim butt Sistemi s vіdmovami Je telephone stantsіya. Yakscho subscriber scho viklikaєtsya, zaynyaty then vimoga on z'єdnannya s him dіstaє vіdmovu i vtrachaєtsya.

In SMO s ochіkuvannyam vimoga, yak caught OAO All obslugovuyuchі channeling zaynyatimi, put in right up Cherga vivіlnennya whether yakogo s obslugovuyuchih kanalіv.

SMO, scho dopuskaє Cherga, ale z obmezhenim number vimog, nazivayutsya systems s obmezhenoyu dovzhinoyu Cherga.

SMO, scho dopuskayut Cherga, ale z obmezhenim termіnom perebuvannya kozhnoї vimogi in nіy, nazivayutsya systems s obmezhenim ochіkuvannya hour.

For a number kanalіv obslugovuvannya SMO podіlyayutsya on odnokanalnі that bagatokanalnі.

For mіstsem rozmіschennya Jerel vimog rozrіznyayut SMO:

• rozіmknenі (if dzherela vimogi rozmіschenі position system);
• zamknenі (if dzherela rozmіschenі in samіy sistemі).

Butt rozіmknenoї Sistemi Mauger sluguvati atelє s repair komp'yuterіv. Here nespravnі komp'yuteri Je Jerel vimog on їh obslugovuvannya i znahodyatsya pose samoyu system їh number can vvazhati neobmezhenim.

Before zamknenih SMO nalezhat, napriklad, telephone stantsіya in yakіy ustatkuvannya Je Jerel by malfunction and otzhe, i vimog on obslugovuvannya їh.

Mozhlivі th INSHI Find our klasifіkatsії QS napriklad for distsiplіnoyu obslugovuvannya (obslugovuєtsya one chi dekіlka vimog odnochasno), single phase i bagatofaznim obslugovuvannyam toscho.

Zastosovuvanі in teorії masovogo obslugovuvannya i Metodi modelі umovno podіleno on analіtichnі that іmіtatsіynі.

Analіtichnі methodological teorії masovogo obslugovuvannya give zmogu otrimati system characteristics yak deyakі funktsії od parametrіv funktsіonuvannya її. Zavdyaki tsomu z'yavlyaєtsya mozhlivіst spend yakіsny analіz vplivu okremih faktorіv on efektivnіst robots SMO.

Ninі was theoretically naybіlsh rozroblenі i zruchnі practicality vikoristannі methodological rzv'yazannya such problems masovogo obslugovuvannya in yakih potіk vimog Je nayprostіshim (puassonіvskim).

For nayprostіshogo nadhodzhennya vimog flow rate in the system pіdkoryaєtsya Poisson, tobto ymovіrnіst nadhodzhennya exactly k vimog hour t zadaєtsya formula

• (3.10)
• Nayprostіshy potіk harakterizuєtsya troma mainly vlastivostyami: ordinarnіst, statsіonarnіst i vіdsutnіst pіslyadії.

Ordinarnіst flow oznachaє practicality nemozhlivіst odnochasnogo nadhodzhennya dvoh i bіlshe vimog.

Statsіonarnim nazivaєtsya potіk for yakogo ically mathematical spodіvannya number vimog scho nadhodyat in system odinitsyu hour, not at zmіnyuєtsya chasі. So rank, іmovіrnіst nadhodzhennya in pevnoї kіlkostі vimog protyagom tasks promіzhku hour t deposits od yogo quantities i not deposits od cob vіdlіku yogo on osі hour.

Vіdsutnіst pіslyadії oznachaє scho number vimog scho nadіyshli in to the time t, not viznachaє of skіlki vimog nadіyde in one hour t + D t.

Vazhlivoyu characteristics SMO Je hour obslugovuvannya vimog in sistemі. Hour obslugovuvannya Yea, yak usually vipadkovoyu values ​​and otzhe, Mauger Buti descriptions rozpodіlu law. Naybіlshogo poshirennya in teorії i Especially in the practical zastosuvannі nabuv eksponentsіalny law. Funktsіya rozpodіlu Got viglyad

F (t) = 1 - em t. (3.11)

Іmovіrnіst of scho hour obslugovuvannya not perebіlshuє deyakoї quantities t, viznachaєtsyaza formula (3.11), de m - setting law eksponentsіalnogo hour obslugovuvannya vimog in sistemі, tobto value Wrap up serednogo obslugovuvannya hour.

Naybіlsh poshirenі on praktitsі SMO s ochіkuvannyam de vimogi scho nadіyshli at the moment, if OAO All obslugovuyuchі channeling zaynyatі boule, will melt in minutes Cherga obslugovuyutsya at zvіlnennі kanalіv.