Legal encyclopedia. The letter O

WATER PROTECTION

- Institute of Environmental Law, which includes a set of legal instruments that address issues

Water use and protection of water from pollution, depletion, misuse, etc. Objects O. In:

1) surface water bodies - surface watercourses (surface water body with continuous movement of water); Surface water bodies (surface water body, which is the concentration of waters with slow water exchange in natural or artificial depressions); Reservoirs on surface watercourses; Glaciers (moving natural accumulations of ice of atmospheric origin on the earth's surface); Snowfields (immobile natural accumulations of snow and ice that persist on the earth's surface during the entire warm season or part of it);

2) underground water bodies: aquifer; Groundwater deposit;

Natural outlet of groundwater;

3) internal sea water. These include seawater, located offshore from the baselines taken to read the width of the territorial sea of ​​the Russian Federation;

4) the territorial sea of ​​the Russian Federation, which includes coastal sea waters with a width of 12 nautical miles.

Subjects OV - the Russian Federation and its subjects, municipalities, executive bodies and their officials, physical entities. They can be owners of water resources, hydraulic engineering structures, water users and water consumers, carry out the functions of state environmental management.

All water bodies are subject to protection from pollution, contamination and depletion.

The law provides for the protection of water bodies from pollution and contamination:

1) from sources of pollution on land;

2) caused by activities at the bottom of water bodies;

3) vessels and other means and structures used on the surface of water bodies.

It also provides for the protection of ice cover of water bodies, glaciers and snowfields from contamination and contamination; Protection of catchment areas of water bodies; Protection of water bodies from contamination with pesticides and other chemicals; Protection of water bodies from contamination by radioactive and toxic substances (materials).

Principles of public administration in the field of OV:

1) the principle of sustainable development, i.e. Balanced development of the economy and improvement of the natural environment;

2) the principle of combining the rational use and protection of the whole basin of a water body and its part within the boundaries of the territories of individual RF subjects (a combination of basin and administrative-territorial principles);

3) the principle of delineation of management functions in the field of use and protection of water bodies and the functions of their economic use. Public administration in the OV region is carried out in certain areas.

1. Water balance sheets - estimated

Materials that compare the need for water with available water resources in the area and are designed to assess the availability and extent of use of water resources in the basins of water bodies and the corresponding territories of the subjects of the Russian Federation, they are used for planning and decision-making on the use and protection of water bodies.

2. Schemes of integrated use and protection of water resources contain systematic materials of research and design work on the state of water resources and the long-term use and protection of water bodies.

3. State programs on the use, restoration and protection of water bodies. They are necessary for planning and implementation of rational use, restoration and protection of water bodies and are implemented on the basis of water balance sheets, schemes for integrated use and protection of water resources, and data from the state water cadastre.

4. State monitoring of water bodies - a system of regular observations of hydrological or hydrogeological and

Hydrogeochemical indicators of their condition, ensuring the collection, transmission and processing of information received in order to timely identify negative processes, predict their development, prevent harmful consequences and determine the degree of efficiency

Implemented water protection measures.

5. State accounting of surface and groundwaters and the state water cadastre - systematic determination and fixing in the established order of the quantity and quality of water resources available in a given territory.

6. State examination of pre-project and design documentation for the construction and reconstruction of economic and other objects affecting the condition of water bodies - verification of its compliance with the original data, technical conditions and requirements of regulatory documentation for design and construction.

7. The state control over O. V.

8. Rationing in the domain of OV, which consists of:

A) in establishing water use limits (water consumption and sanitation);

B) in the development and adoption of standards, regulations and rules for the use and protection of water bodies.

9. Licensing in the field of OV objects, which are carried out by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation or its territorial bodies.

10. State regulation of water management activities, which is carried out by a specially authorized state body for managing the use and protection of the water fund.