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Rozdіl 18. Tsіnoutvorennya іnformatsіynіy in the Branch

Square od odinits vimіru, vikoristovuvanih postachalnikom chi pokuptsem, virobnik zastosovuє svoї vlasnі dovіlnі odinitsі vimіru scho transforming into odinitsі postachalnika abo pokuptsya for Relief divovizhnih i unnatural koefіtsієntіv pererahunku.

Theorem Vashkovskogo

18.1. Osnovnі Vidi rinkovogo tsіnoutvorennya i tipi rinkіv

Nagadaєmo, scho in rinkovіy ekonomіtsі tsіnoutvorennya zdіysnyuєtsya for such minds:

  • dostatno vіlne viznachennya tsіn Shlyakhov please the pro-purchase sales mіzh pokuptsem i owner;
  • at competitive rinkovomu seredovischі scho zabezpechuє vіlny vibіr povedіnki pokuptsіv i prodavtsіv;
  • on osnovі rіvnovagi popitu that Offers Shlyakhov establishing tsіn rіvnovagi.

For viznachennya tsіn on produktsіyu chi resources pіdpriєmstva povinnі vrahovuvati takі osnovnі Vidi tsіnoutvorennya:

  • vіlne tsіnoutvorennya - pokupets i to i Seller pіslya please do not zv'yazanі zhodnimi zobov'yazannyami;
  • dogovіrno-contract tsіnoutvorennya - pokupets i Seller samostіyno zdіysnyuyut favor kupіvlі-sale, ale to toil chi pіslya neї zobov'yazannya;
  • f'yuchersna lands (future) - maybutnya zakupіvlya for tsіnoyu, zafіksovanoyu in kontraktі, s metoyu strahuvannya іsnuyuchih aktivіv od zmіni tsіn, kursіv%;
  • hedzhuvannya - strahuvannya riziku currency, in addition chislі th at f'yuchersnih land;
  • optsіon - lands, yakіy one side nadaє drugіy right kupuvati / prodavatsya fіnansovy іnstrument (aktsіyu, oblіgatsіyu, f'yuchersny contracts, interest rate, currency);
  • tsіnoutvorennya in the minds chastkovoї abo povnoї monopolіzatsії market analysis: monopolії (one seller), monopsonії (one pokupets) olіgopolії (dekіlka prodavtsіv) olіgopsonії (dekіlka pokuptsіv), scho chi obidvі primushuyut one side of the priymati primusovі minds.

Kriterіy klasifіkatsії rinkіv for type - tse character i stupіn Svobody konkurentsії that tsіnoutvorennya. Rozrіznyayut Vier tipi rinkіv (tab. 18.1).

table 18.1

OSOBLIVOSTІ TSІNOUTVORENNYA at the market RІZNIH TIPІV

Find our

Type of market analysis

Vilna konkurentsіya

Monopolіstichna konkurentsіya

Olіgopolіya (olіgopsonіya)

Pure monopolіya (monopsonіya)

1. Nature tsіnoutvorennya

Vіlne, competitive

Competitive tsіnoutvorennya s prіoritetom monopolіzmu in the furrows of the market analysis diferentsіyovanogo fіrmovogo product

Monopolіzovane tsіnoutvorennya, zumovlene vzaєmnoyu zalezhnіstyu dekіlkoh konkurentіv

Tsіnoutvorennya scho monopolіzuvalosya

2. Product Osoblivіst

Odnorіdny often standartizovany

Diferentsіyovany, ale nalezhit to groupies zamіnnikіv

Mauger Buti odnorіdnim, standartizovanim i diferentsіyovanim

Unіkalny not Got blizkih zamіnnikіv

3. Quantity of companies - market analysis agentіv

Duzhe great

bagato

Dekіlka

Odne

4. Control rinkovoї tsіni pіdpriєmstvom

not kontrolyuєtsya

Kontrolyuєtsya dosit obmezheno

Kontrolyuєtsya spіlno s competitors

Kontrolyuєtsya monopolіstom

5. Netsіnova konkurentsіya

Vіdsutnya

Vіdіgraє digit US role

Je types

Je bunt Got rіznі FORMS

6. minds vhodzhennya in Galuzo on rinok that vihodu s Demba

Pereshkodi vіdsutnі

Vіdnosno legkі

Uskladnenі abo tyazhkі

Blokovanі

Rinok vіlnoї (chistoї that doskonaloї) konkurentsії

In viznachennі tsіn dіє Povny konkurentsії freedom. Tsіni (pid vplivom popitu Offers i) pryamuyut to єdinih tsіn to specific goods from vіdpovіdnomu mіstsі that at the time of fіksovany hour. For vdoskonalennya Rinku Rate on specific goods pryamuє to odnakovoї vsomu on market analysis.

In the market analysis vіlnoї konkurentsії for zbіlshennya pributku neobhіdno zmenshiti tsіnu (znizhki).

Zovnіshnіmi tsіnovimi Find our market analysis vіlnoї konkurentsії Je:

  • tsіni Offers product dorіvnyuyut tsіnam popitu on tsі goods, otzhe in tsіlomu on market analysis scrip tsіn Offers rіvna sumі tsіn popitu. Ale tsіni dostatno vіlnі, znahodyatsya in postіynomu rusі;
  • nayavnіst zapasіv product and takozh backup bearing-down, scho garantuyut bezperebіynu torgіvlyu;
  • vіdsutnіst Cherga Specific to defіtsitnogo market analysis. Cherga znіmayutsya for Relief regulyuvalnoї funktsії tsіn (pіdvischennya tsіn to rіvnya scho vrіvnovazhuє popit);
  • zmіna tsіn bezposeredno vіdbivaєtsya on popitі Offers i, i navpaki, zmіna popitu chi Offers Veda to zmіni tsіn (elastichnіst tsіn, popitu Offers i);
  • pіdvischennya (znizhennya) tsіni on whether yaky goods Veda to znizhennya (pіdvischennya) tsіn on INSHI goods, nayavnі danomu on market analysis, ale not have vikoristovuvanі virobnitstvі Tsikh tovarіv (negativnі perehresnі elastichnostі);
  • pіdvischennya (znizhennya) tsіni on whether yaky goods viklikaє pіdvischennya (znizhennya) tsіn for goods, scho in yogo іntensivno vikoristovuyutsya virobnitstvі abo scho Yea to Demba dodatkovimi (negativnі perehresnі elastichnostі);
  • Location toil vhodzhennya i vihіd yak on market analysis virobnikіv (prodavtsіv), so i on market analysis spozhivachіv (pokuptsіv).

Tsіnoutvorennya on market analysis monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії

Tsіnoutvorennya zdіysnyuєtsya in the minds of companies konkurentsії, SSMSC viroblyayut grupu rіznomanіtnih tovarіv (poslug) SSMSC Je nepovnimi (nedoskonalimi) zamіnnikami, ale vodnochase goods (Hotel) specific pіdpriєmstva diferentsіyovany, volodіє spetsifіchnimi osoblivo. Otzhe, pіdpriєmstvo Got deyaku monopolіyu at vstanovlennі tsіni on svіy fіrmovy goods (Hotel) obmezhenoї nayavnіstyu zamіnnikіv competitive product (Hotel) іnshih of companies, nayavnih on market analysis.

Osnovnі harakternі RISS tsіnoutvorennya on market analysis monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії imposed in the Table. 18.1. HEAD Je fіrmove diferentsіyuvannya product (Hotel) її prіoritetna spetsifіka for deyakoї Chastain spozhivachіv, yak zakrіplyuєtsya patent lіtsenzієyu, trademark, fіrmovoyu titles, svoєrіdnіstyu packaging chi tari. Osoblivіst product in spetsifіchnіy of Quality, formі, kolorі abo stilі. Fіrmi zastosovuyut takozh harakternі for them servіsnі Hotel, toscho advertising.

Monopolіstichna fіrmova konkurentsіya stvorennya that the field of competition tsіnoutvorennya toil usі mozhlivostі for rozvitku minds in Ukraine. Until such rinkіv mozhna vіdnesti rinok komp'yuternoї tehnіki.

Tsіnoutvorennya on market analysis konkurentsії dekіlkoh virobnikіv

Tsіnoutvorennya zdіysnyuєtsya for domіnuyuchoї rolі dekіlkoh of companies, zmushenih rahuvatisya s reaktsієyu svoїh konkurentіv. Rinku Type - olіgopolіya on nomu:

  • dekіlka of companies (7-10) zabezpechuyut rinok all abo yogo bіlshu Chastain. Їh goods Mauger Buti odnorіdny i standartizovany abo diferentsіyovany fіrmovoyu mark;
  • deyakі pіdpriєmstva olіgopolіstichnіy in the Branch underwrite market analysis Velika pitomu breaking bar (Ponad 20%), otzhe, stink spromozhnі vplivati ​​on rinkovu tsіnu product, diktuyuchi її, varіyuyuchi obsyagami sale vplivayuchi on INSHI tsіnoutvoryuvalnі factors;
  • pіdpriєmstva usvіdomlyuyut his zalezhnіst in tsіnoutvorennі od konkuruyuchih of companies i povinnі vrahovuvati їhnyu reaktsіyu. Practice pokazuє scho-yak whether factual vazhlive rіshennya scho priymaєtsya kerіvnitstvom pіdpriєmstva (vstanovlennya tsіni, viznachennya obsyagu Key infrastructure produktsії, nadannya poslug, aktivіzatsіya reklamnoї Orthopedic abo zdіysnennya іnvestitsіy) potrebuє vrahuvannya naybіlsh іmovіrnoї reaktsії konkurentіv;
  • vhodzhennya rinok in a specific product zvichayno uskladnene. Tse pov'yazane s efekt scale Zahist tehnologії that produktsії patents lіtsenzіyami, bіlshimi of advertising that servіsnimi vitratami, natural pereponami i t. n. Provіdnі pіdpriєmstva mozhut uzhivati ​​strategіchnih zahodіv, dwellers uskladniti vtorgnennya on rinok novachkіv.

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