home Political economy Історія економічних учень - Korniychuk L.Ya.

Історія економічних учень - Korniychuk L.Ya.

2. The economical concept of P.J. Proudhon

П'єр Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) - nazydivsya the French mіstі Besansonі in sіm'ї bіdnogo brewery. He studied in colleges, pratsyuvav robynnikom at drukarny, borrowed self-illumination. 1840 р. In Paris, the book "Scho taquet vlasnist", in which the criticism of capitalism and the wikis of the bourgeoisie is whistling, and the gas "viasnist - tse kradizhka" is well known. 1846 р. Vіn having seen the book "The system of economical superextensions abo the Philosophy of Zlidenost", in the yaku K. Marx, in his own way "Zlidennіs fіlofіїї."

The creativity of Proudhon has a system of yogo economical visions, in the basis of which there is a bulge of the anti-bourgeois socialism. At the approaching stages, the design of the "reformed" capitalism is deconstructed. The goal of reforming Proudhon is to solve the problem through the vikup by the robbers of the vibrokittyws in the bourgeoisie, the secrecy of the city and the peninsula on the basis of the principles, and in them the actors-actinaries will be pratyutsi oderzhuvati products for soviwarti.

1848 р. Proudhon formed a member of the National Zobіvі from the parizkikh робітників. On the basis of zbornіv vin make a draft of the tax reform and the "Narodniy Banku", or the draft is not a boulevard of receptions. 1849 р. Proudhon himself zrobiv shlobu vtiliti ідею стрення "Народного банку" в життя через оргаізацію акціонерного comradeship, але вона vyyavil to no effect (the bank having found two months). Nevdaloyu bula і yogo dіyalnіst yak vidavtsya newspapers. For informing the guest of criticism of capitalism, Proudhon was doubly bitten.

Methodology Proudhon pritamanniy idealism and sub'ektivizm. Економічні категорії він розглядає як втілення "absolute rozumu", як вічні ідеї, відірвані від реальної дійсності. Namagayuchis apologize to the prejudicial Hegelian devolutionary method, Proudhon between the yogas, on the days, the visages in the categories and economical processes of "good" and "pogany" parties. Otzhe, ekonomichnyi kategrії ta ekonomichnyi yavische vіn rozglyadaє not yak єдність супечностей, but yak mehanіchno pedydnannya protilitozhnih vlastosti. Keruchuchis such a pidhodov, Proudhon respecting, scho zavzhdi mozhna zberegti good on the side pozbutis pagan. Tse statsuyut yak ekonomichnyh kategoriy, so i kapitalalistic vibrobitvtva in tsilomu.

Теорія цінності . Цінність Proudhon rozglyadaє yak vіchu abstractu kategorіyu, scho є nosієm dvuh abstract protylezhnih іde: ідеї споживної цінності і ідеї мінової цінності. Між споживною цінністю і міновою цінністю існує "антинія" - протилежність. Spozhivnina tsіnnist viked yak vtilennya prosperity, bagatstva, and мінова - як відображення винятковості.

The Prirodnjani cich superechlivyh story by synthesis of the spozhivnogo mnovoi tsinostnost at Proudhon vystupayot konstituyovana neo synthetic tsinnity. Vona vstanovlyuetsya in obmіні. Obmіn, writing Proudhon, объєднує елементи хутаства, стренені різними галузями виробництва, в одномне ціле. Same obmin robin tsinnist konstitiated.

In the process of exchange, on the market, the product is sold. Odnі з them суспільство визнає за цінності і вклює до склажу суспільного багатства. Інші - ні. Stvorye y combinu Elements of Baghdad zgіdno іz "the law of proportionality of values" Lish prattsya. Going through this law, Proudhon is called a constitutionally synthetical prin- ciple.

Otzhe, konstituyvana tsinnnost, on the prudence of Proudhon, vinikaє in obmiyni that obovyazyako realizuetsya on the market. Vona є constitutive, that is, the perebacha zlittya, combining the elements of the bagatelle in one piece, the synthetical one, the so-called protylezhnost spozhivnosty mnovoi tsinnosty, proportional, oskilki vinikaє in resulti vstanovlennya pratseju proyatcіy, scho in them vidbuvayatsya kombinuvannya elementiv bagatstva.

For podolannya difficultly commodity vibrobitvtva (zavaryvanyannya, disproportioni tescho) potrbno, the douche Proudhon, kozhny goods nadiliti konstitutsionovoyu tsinnistyu, garantuvati yogo realizatsiyu. Svoeiu teorієyu konstituchenovanosti prudhon Proudhon namagayetsya usunuti superechnosty kapitalisticheskogo commodity vibrobitvtva, superechnitsch mizh goods and goods, podavshi most goods of power, pritamannye pennies.

In the case of Proudhon, the important thing is that the two prerequisites are the two prerequisites for the work of conception and knowledge.

The Proudhon program is economical. Yak dribnobourgeoisheskoe ideologist Proudhon zv'yazuvav cause hardvsіv dribnogo vibroknika z nedolіkami obmіnu, z problemu zbutu. The main cause of tooth decay and injustice vynolosyu obmin and groshi. І sama zi zih pozitsіy oprakciovu ekonomichnu programu reformovanna kapitalizmu through reformovannya obmіnu.

Proudhon hoche zbereghti kartalne vibrobnitsvto, yakomu bachit top of the human freedom of individuality nezalezhnost. Він обстоює дібнн власність і and the transfer of the great vibroits in the vlasnist їхніх колективів. Panuvannya dribnih commodityovirovibnikov, yogo dumku, zumovit obmin products praci for labor ekvivalennom. For spryannya dribnymi vibrochnikam at realizatsii Produnov proponuvav і, yak already znachalosya, zrobiv izobuvstviti obrinichny bank - Narodny Bank. Bank приймав би від товаровиробників комі і вива би їм трудові талони, «робочі гроші», які завідчували б кількість праці, витраченої на виготовлення товару. For tsi "robochy groshni" merchandiser and ordering bi to the bank potrybni yomu інші товари. For the sake of "rogue pennies", the vice of the real Prudhon has decided to reinstate into the region of justice and justice, to excuse exploitation, to take care of the biography, to scrape the virobives himself, to fill in the "good" parts of the commodity vibrokits and llkviduvati "pogany."

The other banks of the ulus are bred by the Proudhon's deficient rozumnins, such as the grocery, the goods, the surplus, the capital of the self-contained capitalist vibro, the reform of which I through the Obminest vinodav.

Kapital Proudhon is tremendously tractable yak groshn, vvazhayuchi pro-vidnoj yogo form tilki kapital pozhkovy. The percentage, for the thought of Proudhon, is that form, in which is exempted from the unpaid labor of the laborer. Pributok Proudhon is seen as a form of zabobitnosti pay.

Oskilki ekonomichnoyu basis ekspluatatsii Proudhon є percent, then the depreciation of the interest rate "primusovimi laws" і zvedennya її to zero - tse shlyah to the won by robots povoznogo product svoe propri. Keruuchits such a log, vin rozvivaet ідею "gift loan." Vidupayuchi proti pennies, Proudhon vodnochas podnuvav nadavati through the bank robotnikam і merchantoviboromniku an interest-free loan from a grotesque form. Nadannya "gift loan" usuvivaet mozhnivist pozachati grosi pid percentyi і Tim himself, the dregs of Proudhon, likvіdue ekspluotatsy.

Vnasledok takoi reform (nadannya vsim and kozhnomu "gift loan") zdisnichitsya not lisha "zlittya klassіv", bosh zalishatimutsya lishe rabotyaschy, yakі obminyuvimutsya products vidpodidno to їххёёї ціни, the order of the camp is uncontaminated, it will be guaranteed fairness in the process of exchange, will be rivnim , І зникнуть джерела слліктів.

Proudhon is the enemy of the bourgeois democrats and monarchies, and of communism. Rushynoyu power syspilstva vin vvazhae class dribnikh vibroknik, ekonomichnu basis yakogo become dribna vlasnіst i yakomu pritamanna pevna vidokremlenist, iizolovannist. Yoga of the members is not guilty of obedinvatisya in Zhodnya state-sushpilnyi organizatsii. Proudhon vzagalі vystupaє proti power. Zv'azok Mizh okremimi gostarstvami moe zdіysnyuvatis through obmin i vzaemodopomogu.

Дрібнобуржуазний соціалізм Proudhon Mav is heavier in the other half of the ХІХ century. In the Bagaho-european regions. Yoga ідеї сприйняли бакуністи, а згодом анархо-синдикалісти.