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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Krivenko KT

26.2.2. Svіtovy trademark rinok.

Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya Je svoєrіdnim Wink svіtovogo commodity market analysis. Svіtovy trademark rinok - tse Chastina svіtovogo market analysis, system obmіnnih vіdnosin yakogo pobudovana organіzatsії kupіvlі on-sale produktіv materіalnogo virobnitstva. Ninі vіn Je arena of gostroї konkurentnoї Borotba mіzh eksporterami analogіchnih abo vzaєmozamіnyuvanih tovarіv and takozh zіtknennya іnteresіv eksporterіv that іmporterіv. Gostrota superechnostey іnodі dosyagaє such rіvnya scho deyakі konflіkti nagaduyut vіyni (slіd zgadati "textile", "avtomobіlnu", "Komp'yuterniy" torgovelnі vіyni).

Uspіshny rozvitok zovnіshnoї torgіvlі vsіh kraїn digit mіroyu viznachaєtsya rіvnem tsіn svіtovomu on market analysis. Svіtova Cena vіdobrazhaє іnternatsіonalnu (mіzhnarodnu) vartіst product, yak viznachaєtsya bunt seller i pokuptsyami Pevnyi produktsії mind that formuєtsya in protsesі zdіysnennya great effectiveness operatsіy i s goods have vіlno konvertovanіy valyutі svіtovomu on market analysis. Viznachennya svіtovoї tsіni on goods - dosit folding processes Where Money Does vikoristovuyutsya tsіni dovіdkovі, bіrzhovі, ​​auktsіonnі, tsіni torgіv. Nayblizhchimi to rіvnya svіtovih Je tsіni great eksportno-іmportnih land, scho formuyutsya in the main centers svіtovoї torgіvlі.

Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya skladaєtsya іz dvoh zustrіchnih potokіv tovarіv - eksportu that іmportu. Eksport - tovarіv sales scho peredbachaє їh vivіz across the border. Іmport - kupіvlya tovarіv scho peredbachaє їh vvіz іz of the cordon. Zagalna scrip eksportu that іmportu becoming zovnіshnotorgovelny turnover.

Torgovelne balance - rіznitsya vartіsnih obsyagіv eksportu that іmportu. Rozrіznyayut Positive i vіd'єmne torgovelne balance. Yakscho vartіst vivezenih tovarіv perevischuє vartіst taken away, the balance vvazhaєtsya positive (active), for zvorotnogo spіvvіdnoshennya - vіd'єmnim (Passive). Passive balance torgovelnogo balance negatively poznachaєtsya on ekonomіchnomu stanі Kraina that її zovnіshnoekonomіchnih pozitsіyah. For yogo pokrittya Krajina guilty viplatiti іnshim kraїnam vіdpovіdnі groshovі Costa gotіvkoyu (gold abo konvertovaniya currency) chi otrimati credit kraїn od-abo postachalnikіv іnshih bankіvskih setup.

The structure mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі rozglyadayut in dekіlkoh rozrіzah: for au-Perche, yak torgіvlyu okremimi GROUP tovarіv (commodity structure), in other words, yak rozpodіl torgovelnih potokіv mіzh okremimi kraїnami that Grupo kraїn (geografіchna structure), in tretє, yak system metodіv organіzatsії ( vidіv) torgіvlі svіtovomu on market analysis.

Commodity structure mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі yavlyaє him torgіvlyu goods i torgіvlyu Hotel. In his Cherga torgіvlya goods podіlyaєtsya on torgіvlyu food sirovinoyu, mіneralnim palivo, produktsієyu pererobnoї promislovostі. Golovna i, zreshtoyu, sider tendentsіya in rozvitku torgіvlі goods polyagaє in fact scho in zagalnomu tovarooborotі zbіlshuєtsya chastka Ready Promyslova virobіv for vіdpovіdnogo zmenshennya pitomoї crowbars sirovinnih tovarіv. Bіlsh nіzh 1/3 vsієї svіtovoї torgіvlі seredinі in the 1990s pp. - Tse torgіvlya obladnannyam i machines. Vіdbuvaєtsya іntelektualіzatsіya svіtovoї torgіvlі. In eksportі Promyslova rozvinutih kraїn zrostaє chastka visokotehnologіchnoї produktsії (US Shveytsarіya, Yaponіya - Ponad 20%, Zittau that Frantsіya - blizko 15%).

Other tendentsієyu in rozvitku tovarnoї structuring mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі Yea those scho with one s naybіlsh Shvydko INCREASING sektorіv svіtovogo Rinku Je rinok poslug. Torgіvlya Hotel rozvivaєtsya bіlsh Shvidky pace nіzh zovnіshnya torgіvlya in tsіlomu. Zagalny obsyag poslug market analysis in 1997 p. . Becomes $ 1.3 billion, 20% of scho dorіvnyuvalo svіtovogo eksportu, i Yakscho vіn zrіs udvoє for perіod s kіntsya 1980 - cob 1990s pp. until 1997 p., then analogіchne zrostannya svіtovogo eksportu vіdbulos for ostannі 15 rokіv. On tsomu Rinku proponuyutsya nayrіznomanіtnіshі Hotel, zokrema: gotelny BIZNES, reklamnі i konsaltingovі Hotel, strahovі that fіnansovі Hotel, agentskі that brokerskі Hotel, franchising, torgіvlya lіtsenzіyami i patents, "know-how", іnzhinіring, lіzingovі Hotel is the number іnshih.

Svіtovy trademark eksport rozmіschuєtsya on kraїnah that regіonah svitu dosit nerіvnomіrno. So, naprikіntsі 1990s pp. on rozvinutі Kraina cling blizko 65% svіtovogo eksportu commodity, in addition to chislі Єvropeysky Union - 32%, USA - 16%, Yaponіyu - 6%. Digit Chastina їh turnover pripadaє on vzaєmnu torgіvlyu.

Pete kraїn Wagga, scho rozvivayutsya, kolivalas in ostannі desyatirіchchya in furrows of 20-24%. Pong in the main zalishayutsya postachalnikami sirovini, food that simply porіvnyano virobіv gotovoї produktsії on svіtovy rinok. Together s note okremі Kraina s danoї groupies, peredusіm "novі іndustrіalnі Kraina" demonstruyut znachnі zrushennya in strukturі Svoge eksportu, іntensifіkatsії zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі. Їh chastka in svіtovomu eksportі becomes seredinі 1990s pp. blizko 11%.

Chastka kraїn s perehіdnoyu ekonomіkoyu in mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі for ostannє desyatirіchchya skoroti i mayzhe vdvіchі becoming ninі 6-10%. Tse poyasnyuєtsya Perche for all folding ekonomіchnoyu situatsієyu, lingering Creasy in danih kraїnah.

Nerіvnomіrnіst slit bіlshoyu mіroyu vlastiva geografіchnіy strukturі torgіvlі Hotel. Lіderami here Je vіsіm naybіlsh rozvinutih kraїn on SSMSC pripadaє to 70% svіtovogo eksportu poslug i Ponad 50% їh іmportu. Mayzhe absolutely spozhivachami on market analysis poslug Je Kraina, scho rozvivayutsya for vinyatkom series "novih іndustrіalnih kraїn".