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Politically economical - Krivenko K.T.

27.2.2. The shots are rooted in global problems by people.

Tendency before the resources, to meet the needs of consumers, to the health of economic and social problems in the regions, negatively impact on the development of civil liberties and the life of the people. A consumer virіyshennia global problems posіyno і gostro vimagayut zmіn na korist tsivіlnyh natsionalnykh proporazatіy mіzh resources, sho dodut na vieнnnі i mirnі tsilі, tobto demilitarizovaniya ekonomiki.

The demilitarization of the economy of the territory is the cause of the erosion and destruction of the virubnitswa defense. Оскільки мілітаризовані галузі becoming the voenno-promyslovy complex of the territory, the demilitarization of the military-industrial complex, the conversion of perceptions, and the defense of the defense.

Conversation is a measure of the proportional distribution of financial, human, and material resources in the sphere of life and the life of the world, switching to the course of life of the virgin virbitnitsva and the world's most vivacious dyahality.

At bagatooh rozvinuti kraїnah, and especially in colishnyh radynskih republics, actively trivaye process of converting vobnitsnogo vibrobitvtva, yak pokladalis velikі nadії zv'yazku v vivilnennyam znachnoї kіlosty vibrochnyh vozbuzhnost i robochoyї sili. Prote in dіsnostі kontsііya vyyalas referalu doshit priklyu yak v ekonomichnom aspei (reequipment of folding і specific area), so і in the social (masov speedy pratsіvnikіv defensive galuzey і chiselnosti zbrroychnih forces). Behind the scores of experts, kopatkovi vitrati on the conversion of transplanting vitrati for the race ozbroyen.

For the cynicism of the minds, there are only one thing: people of all the regions are spinning and organizing to melt the nuclear power plant, suttєvo zmenshiti vіs'kіvі vitrati, podlatі mіzhnacіonalnі ta vіrshіshіnіcіonnyі vіnnі konflіktі.

Warehousing complex of problems is vinicie on the stick vzaemovidosinos suspilstva, people, nature. Globally with problems suttvo vplyayvat on the structure і механізм суспільного відтворення і form yakіsno новий еколого-економічний тип відтворення; Vplyvayut on bіologichnі і соціальні аспект відтворення не тільки робочої сили, але й человеської популяції взагалі.

Odnією з such problems є ліквідація зубожіння, голоду, хвороб, безробіття і неграмотності, які охоплюють великі зони сучасного світу. At the same time, there are more people who are hungry, but there are also people in the country. Бідність і відlastість featured перш за все для країн, що розвиваються, де проживає майже 2/3 поселення планети. That dan globally the problem is often nazivayut the problem podolanny vidstalosti krayn, scho rozvivayutsya.

Sjogodnyi naybіdnіshih kraїnah close to 1.2 billion osib live below the threshold zubozhinnya, ponad 1 billion illiterates, ponad 1.5 billion pozbavleni elementary medicinal help, skinning ditin up to 5 rockyv hunger. Vidstalist weakly-to-get to the edge of the demographic problem, yak polyaga in nespriyatlivyh for economical development of the dynamical population, that virginity in the yogic structures. Especially the gostroti demografichnyi problemy nadiє that fact, scho ponad 80% of the increase in the population of the population falls on the edge, sho rozvivayutsya. Arena of demographic vibuhu ninі є країни Південної Африка, Близького та Середнього Сходу, меншою мірою Південної Азії. The population of the Krai, Szo rozvivayutsya, zbylshilos for 1990-tі rr. On 16%, at that hour, the number of people living in rural areas was 5% lower, and in the post-socialist areas it was lapped on the other side of the river.

Velichnezny scale zubozhinnya vidstalosti viklikayut sumvіvi in ​​addition, chi vzgalno vzagali speak about the normal rozvitok і progress of the human suspilstva, if the part of the inhabitants of the planet is relieved for the intercourse of a decent існування.

Problem rіkostі resources і zubozhіnnya recruit ganalosvіtovogo nature. For її вирішення потрібна така система заходів:

? Dinamichny rozvitok malorozvinuti kraine at sotsіialno-ekonomichnyi i naukovo-tehnichnyi spheres;

? New svitoviy order, a kind of guarantee to the real help, we adhere to the edges of the virіshennі їх problems.

Prior to global problems, it is necessary to introduce the problems of health. Vony zachichayut інтереси кожної людини i всього людства, впливають to the share нинішнього і майбутнього поколінь. Formation and development of the systems of the holy state, it is a pity to be afraid of the scandalous euphemism (in the scale of the surroundings) and the pandemics (at the scale of the scale). Borotba protiv them on the national rivnya viyavlyaetsya maloefektivnoyu. Потрібні узгоджені міжнародні дії щодо охорони здоров'я поселення.

Ученыі вважають, що в рішенні global problems basic criterі має servuvali stan zdor'ya mannya, vsyogo populated area. Tomu zhonrona zdorona'ya vystupaє functіією критерію оцінки гуманістичності глоних проблем сучасності.

Ecology is characterized by vzaimovidosnosini suspylstva z nastoyu, poshilennya lyudskogo vplyu na navkolishniy svit.

At the turn of the XXI century. Заъстрюється екологічна problem. Vona зачіпає основи існування людської цивілізації; Zabrudnenya nakkolishnogo mezhdolishcha syogodny dovyaglo zagrozlivyh scales. Characterizing the zagalnii camp of the middle peasants, the scientists of the different regions, yak, the rule, the vikoristovy taky viznachennya, yak "degradation of the global eco- logical system", "ruinuvannya natural systems zhittyzabezpechennya" and the like. Bagato claims them about nakostayuchu global ekologichesku crisis, yak in okremih regiiona Already nabula to finish vidchutnih forms.

Ekologicheskaya crisis characterize nevidpіdnistyu rozvitku productive forces, suspilnyh forms їх rozvitku і bіologichnih mozlivoste biosferi. Vona manifested in the spontaneous stosunkі mіzh people and nature, the result of someone є pravoshennia nakkolishnogo sredovischa, zabrudnennya і otruєnnya yogo vidkhodami, zarroza існування людини.

About the scale of ekologicheskih crises svidchat so taky butts. In the first place, in order to increase the intensity of land resources. Schorichno on the planet znischuyutsya ponad 20 yew. Km2 lit. Especially in the clutter of the camp, the camp was formed in the zones of troop lands, de, for giving the FAO - food and sylvicultural organizations of the United Nations, in the mid-1980s. 11 million hectares of forests were sheltered, and in the mid-1990s, - Approximately 17 million hectares, nasampered in such areas, yak Brazilia, Fіlіppіni, Іndonezіya, Thailand. The result for the remaining ten times the area of ​​tropichnyh lisiv changed by 20-30%. Yaksho given the situation does not change, then through pivstolіtty mozhliva їh the remainder of the zagibel. Until then, the tropic lisi znischuytsya zі shvidkistyu, yak in 15 razivіv transfigured naturally natural vidnovnennya. A sama tsі lisi nazivayut "legends of the planetet", the stink of stink in the mainstream of the inscription of the sour into the atmosphere, in them more than half of all kinds of flora and fauna of the earth's cresses are represented.

The degradation of land resources is attracted by the influx of over-the-world livestock, water, wind, water, chemical inputs, budgets, and other factors. At the result of the shortage of the Silesian Sylsko-Volodarskoe traffic, close to 7 million hectares of arid lands, which were postopo peretovyuyutsya near the pustynice. For pidrahunkami American students, the children of the Earth, our planetetically invest about 24 billion tons of a rod-shaped ball, which is equally vulnerable to the sowing of the wheat belt on the pinnacle of the Australians.

In a different way, catastrophe zabrudnennya svitovo ekologicheskoi sistemi vidkhodami virbnichoї ta nevibornichoї dіyalnі people. Усі відходи поділяються на тверді, рідкі та газоподібні. In the structures of firm vidhodiv perevazhayut promislovi girnicho-promislovi vidhodi. In the world, the population of stink is especially great in the United States, Japan and Russia. Behind the portrayal per capita, the population of solid impregnated invaders is classified by the United States, and the skin of the river is 500-600 kg cm.

Ridkimi vidkhodami zabrudnuyutsya Persh for all gidrosfera, before that znamnimi zabrudnuvachami є stіchni vodi nata nafta. Obalniy otnyg stіchnih waters on the ear of the 1990's. The amount of 1800 km3. Nafteva zabrudnnia negatively poznachaetsya nasampered on stanii morsky and reverted mediocrity. Behind the active sites, the sea near the sea is close to 3.5 million tons of naphtha and naftoproducts. Ninh degradation of the aquatic environment nabula global nature. Approximately 1.3 billion osib can be corroded in the forcing by obstructed water, which is the cause of bugatoo epidemichnyh zahshvorian.

Head zabrudnuvachami atmosphere, as a rule, vvazhayut dioksid sirki, oxide nitrogen, oxide vuglevodu. Shchorichno in the atmosphere zemlyi vikidayetsya close to 60 million tons of solid parts, yakі spriyayut ut utvorennu mogu і pozhzhayut її prosorost. For the active pidrahunkami, tilki in 1980-90 r. Svitovyi obshyg wikidiv vuglevodu viris in 4 times, reaching 6 billion tons, or 22 billion tons of carbon dioxide. Basically, the number of people in the world is growing at the same time, the number of such wikis falls on the country (25% for the USA, 14% for the territory, 13% for Japan, 5% for Japan).

One of the main factors of ecologic crisis is the rapidity of the gene pool of the planet, zmenshennia bіologichnogo riznomannіtnosti, yaka otsynyuetsya in 10-20 million vidiv. Учені вважають, що в разі збереження існуючих тренцій у 1980-2000 рр. Можливе зникнення 1/5 всіх видів рослин і тварин, що населяють our planet.

Oskilki process zabrudnnia nabuli global character in the 1960's and 70's, on the cob 70-rp. XX century. Виник екологізм як громадський рух. Екологізм - течія неоднорідна. Yogo predstavnikiiv can be sub-divided into chotiri groups:

1) "opponents of the culture," such as nazyvayut мрійниками. Wani zaklikayut until vidmovi ііббанізації і povernennya to sіlsskogo zhittya;

2) "environalmentalisti" - the trade professionally ecologists. Wongs to concentrate respect on the problems of the zabrudnenya nalkolishnig sredovischa і pogyrshannya anchovy zhittya in promyslovyh mistah, vony vvazhayut mozhilim vne virishennya tsikh of problems for the admission of the capital, on the bases of science and technology, on the conservation of nature in the forms of national parkov and zapovidnikiv. Zauvazhimo, scho nini in the great cities concentrated 40% of the population of the population, and this process is puffed up. So, Mehiko lives close to 30 million, Buenos Aires - 26 million, Shanghai - 23 million choloviks. Tse to kraynіh between zagostryu ekologichnu problem;

3) "ekoprogresisti", yaki vpovenni, scho vprovazhenzhennya so zvanyh m'yakih - energogo materіalozberichayuchih, nezabrudneichih tehnologiy moe zberegti natury resources;

4) Supports of "Social Ruhu". Vonya namagayutsya vijaviti zv'yazki mizh "suspilstvom spozhivannya" and the ecologic degradation of the bosphere. The ecologists of the dany give a direct name to "antiproductivists", confess the stink of vengeance, but one reason is "productivism".

Nezvazhayuchi on riznі pіdhod shodo zahistu nаkkolishnyogo sredovischa, uchіnі-ekologi, economist іdіі in that, zоh zаhist of nature it will be necessary znachnih vitrat - up to 3-5% of gross national product, tobto not less than 150 bn USD. Schorichno. Krayni with an economically economically vetrachayut up to 1.7% of its GNP at ekologicheskii consumers, a little bit, the same amount of zbits, yaki zavdayutsya natural serovshchsche shorichno, otsitsyuetsya approximately 6% of GNP.

Як і раніше, гостро стойть the problem of the care of people with sirova and energy. Yak pobachach on the cobble of the twentieth century. Academician V.I. Vernadsky, anthropogenous factories (wiklikanі діяльністю people) have called up to виникнення економічних between зростання. Economical rozvitok more can not be based on zrostayuchih otsyagah vikoristan sirovini і енергії. Tsevede to the superimposed navantazhennia on the natural resources, yakі obmezheny.

On the other hand, the global energy problem is itself a two-fold approach to the nature of the problems involved - energetically that sirovinna. Prior to that, the problem of the problem of energy is the most important thing in the world, the problems of the syrova, the practicality of the part, the part of the vikoristivans, the ways of rejecting energy on the day, the breakdown of the special energy power of the sirovini.

Розрахунки спеціалістів of the International Energy Agency (MEA) to show, but reserve the energy resources: Vughillya - 340 rock, nafti - 30, gas - 50 rock. Not slid, zvіsno, zvoditi allі zapisi енергії до цих джерел. At nayblizhchіy perspectives z'yavlyaet novy dzherela енергії: thermonuclear energy, energy plasm. Prote all tse lishe potentsiyni dzherela, and syogodnye energoresursi be taken from the traditional standby stock.

Suttjevit directly virishenny energetic and sirovinnoї problems є їх економія.

The global nature of the problems of economics of material resources will require realizing riznomannichnyh zahodiv yak natsionalnomu, and on the international scale. Sered them varto vidіliti takі: obmіn іnformatsієyu, naukovo-tehnіchne spirobnotnіtvu, rozvitok obmіn novіmі іергоі матеріалозберігаючими технікою та технологіями.

Cie spryazie pevnim positivnym zrushennyam u vikoristani енергії і сировини. Thus, in the world economy, energy consumption grew by 5.1% per capita, the GDP en- ergy rate increased by 15%, and the naftoemnity - by 29%.

Syrovinni and energy problems are zazostryuyutsya takozh, tom scho:

1) the protection of national governments in the form of a firewood and a syringe in the main through eexport;

2) zovnіshn'noekonomichnyi sirovinnyi zv'yazyki postyno falter, but is itself a basic superechnost sirovinnoї problems;

3) Syrovyna problem manifested itself in non-stigmatization and impoverishment, in the early stages of surplus and in the deficit of sirovini, in the stibically subcultured colivan tsin;

4) існують супречності між країнами шодо експорту / імпорту сировини.

C globally with the problems of post-sirovani and piliva над natto gostrimi for Ukraine, especially shodo postakchannia nafti, gazu, vugillja, dereviny, kolorovikh metalliv tescho. To the side of the side, the virginess of Ukraine is over the energy of the material. So, for $ 1. GDP mi spizhivaemo elektroenergii 4 times, and the metal in 2 times more than in the middle in zahidnoevropeyskikh kraїnah.

By the end of the hour the globalization problem of the development of the Svitovoi Ocean and the cosmos was nabbed. Світовий океан займає 71% площі Earth. Vidnoshennya obyazu oceanskoe singing (Tovshchina vodka yak sredovishche zhittya organizmiv) before the vigil quietly shariv atmosphere, de mozhlivet zhittya, become 183: 1. Roslini sea give 70% of the virgin vibrobitnitsa a sour thing on our planet. Problem vivchennya ta vvedennya Svitogo okeaneu - complex, oskilki, pervhe, Svitovy ocean - one of the regulators of the minds of life on the planet; In another way, vin є "svitovoyu factory" pogodi; On-tretє, serve as one iz dzherel, scho dopomagayut virishita food problem (riba, tvarini, alga); In the fourth place, on the ocean, there is a small reserve of cinnamon kopalins, which, in the Bagataryzovo region, are already rooted in the oath; On-п'яте, at itselfі oceanicіchnyy vodyі rozchinenі practically allі відомі елементи таблці Менделєєва; On-shoste, vagomim є transportno znachennya svitogo okeanu (morske voyageplavstvo zabezpechuє transportnym sledami perevazhnu partynu (up to 4/5) svitovikh zvnіshn'yoekonomichnyh zv'yaziv).

Vostinu velichezni reserve mineral resources to the ocean. So, bіоlogіchnі resources become 40% річної продукції рослин земної кулі. Prote stinks are not without success, they are correct, not violent productive of the ocean. Хоча oceanічні ресурси використовуться лише частково, але екологічний баланс уже порушується:

The syrovinnu base of the St.-Petersburg Ribology;

Pidvistchennia parts vuglekislogogo gas in the atmosphere, zmenshennia ozonovuyu ball, posilennya ultraviolet viprominyuvannya zemnoye surface negatively vplyivayut na morsky orgizmi;

Здійснюється забруднення Світового океану стічними водми, відходовми промисловості, pesticides and chemical feeds, naftoyu. So, for the assessments, the Svitoviy Ocean has to go up to 20 billion tons of shkidlivyh rechovin.

In order to address the global problems of the Arctic Ocean, it is necessary to competently and culturally master the ocean and in such interstices, but not to bring them to the ocean for nukolishn'yogo middle ground.

I would like to emphasize the role of the productive forces of the people in the development of the cosmos. Cosmonautics viznachaє rіvenь naukovo-tehnіchnogo rozvitku kraїni. Vodnochaschas vina vidkryvaє shiroki mozmolisti for virishennya such zavdan, yakі majut globnee znachennya:

1) rozvitok internal and international systems zvjazyku;

2) predgostrokov prediction of the weather;

3) navigating the sea and transport;

4) alignment of the global geo-physical information system, yak to the extent of rozrobiti model Earth;

5) rozvitok i vdiskkonalennya such galuzey, yak mashinobuduvannya, elektronika, obsochlyuvualna tehniki, energetika, novyi vid materіalіv tochno.

At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the dosage, which is imposed on the vicarities of the cosmos in the Vyshkiv tsits. In the 1983 p. In the United States the program "Strategic Defense and Educational Activities" (SOI) has been adopted. Tse mozhe pozvirti rozpysyugzhennyu zbroї in space, which is more than nevezpechnim for people.

Sereda of problems, people, people, special places to call the wives of the Budowy Zemlі, governed by the weather and the class. I will add to the alarm in the rest of the hour that the malignity is organisationally organized, malignant, international terrorism, drug addiction, and deception of the people's enormous people's rights.

The new problems did not in the least repel the official status of the global, albeit seriously, and navigate unsuccessful for the development of the people.