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Розіщення продуктивних сил України - Дорогунцов С.І.

4. NAFTOVA I NAPTOPEREROBNA PRIMIYLOVSTY UKRAINI: ANCIENT STAN, THE BASIC PROBLEMS OF TA PERSPECTIVES TO ROLE

On teritorii Ukraine vperche vidobutok naphtha rozporchato in Peredkarpatty on the cob of the XVII century. Yak galuz promislovogo vibrobitvtva naftova promyslovist was bred on the bases of the Borislavskoy naftovoy monstrosity in the XIX century - on the cobble of XX century. Із застосуванням глибокого буріння свердловин.

At the same hour, a bougal vidkrito і a number of іnshih monstrosities in Prykarpatty. Naybіlshogo рівня видобуток нафти досяг в цьому районі у 1909 р. (2053.1 tys.t), however, in the podsolshom vyn pozav znizhuvatisya і becoming in 1938 r. 370 yew. T.

At povozhennyi rock naftovo promyslovist Prykarpattya shvidko rozvivalas. Bulo zdіysneno dokorinnu rekonstruktsiyu pіdpriemstv galuzi na novyі tehnіchnі y basi. As a result of a significant expansion of the geological and geological surveys on naphtha, gas, the bulb of the new river in Podkarpatti-Dolinska and Pivnichno-Dolinsk, Bitkiv-Babchyns'ke, Oriv-Ulichnyanske, that.

As a result of the zoning of geological and geological surveys on naphtha and gas in the regions of Ukraine, a total of 150 naphtha birthmarks in Poltava, Sumy and Chernigiv regions were carried out, and the Podkarpattya monasteries were literally transplanted for the naphtha stores. Until naybіlsh nalyzhat - Gnіdintsіvske, Lelyakivs'ke, Glynsko-Rozbisіvske, Ribals'ke, Kachanіvs'ke, Novoggrigorіska ta іn. The distribution of cicholinous genera has become the main basis for the development of naftovidobuvnoy promiscuous republics.

NaiBilshogo rozvitku naftovo promyslovosti swore in the rock of dev'yatoy p'yatirichki. Thus, the maximum river flow of the naphtha gas condensate (14.5 million tons) was scooped out in 1972. Potim ombuds vidobutku nafti began to mourn, and at times become stagnant close to 4 million tons for the ric. The Talks for 1990-1997. Nidbutok naphtha in Ukraine, znizivsya Mayzhe at 22%.

Basically, the nidophobes of the naphtha are found on the Scythian naphtha-bearing region. Yogi ptoma vaga at the frog viaduct naphtha in the reach of Mayzhe 80%. At Південному нафтогазоносному регіоні balance sheet, the inventory becomes 3% of the inventory in Ukraine, that is, the viscose naphtha is practically invisible.

Tendency before the speed of the napthie in Ukraine is explained not in the form of inventory, but in the same time, 90% of the sludge rolls are pumping pumps, they can pratyuvati on the glibini up to 2000-2500 m, at that time the middle of the glyphine of the main deposits of naphtha is 3000 -4000 m.

Krim chyogo, zastarilim є basic fund bilshosti sverdlovin ta ikhhnogo obladnannya. So, zagalne protsyuvannya main fondіv on АТ "Ukrnafta" to become mayzhe 60%, not vistachaє mіtsnyh pipes, pumps, aggregates.

The submerged rozvitok naftovoї promislovostі in Ukraine is responsible for the need for a number of problems. One of the nigolovnіshih - tse poshuk shlyahіv стабілізації та podal'shogo increment vidobutku nafti in Україні.

Zstostannya glibini zalyagannya productive pokladiv nafti, uzkladnennya tehnologii їх izvestene, znizhennya tempiv increment promyslovy reserve є strimuyuchimi factors schodo zbilshennya vidobutku nafti. One-part time on the territory of Ukraine is a well-known number of science primers of predicted reserves of high-viscosity naphtha with low virility of spruces, a high yield of the brightest fractions, and such a requirement in naphtho products stimulate the development of naftovidobuvnoy promyslovosti. Успіхи цієї галузі to directly fall in the result of geologo-zviduvlennyh robots for the sake of nafti.

Undoubtedly, the robots were spent in the rest of the rock with a low efficiency and that systematic vicantennes wandering through the growth of the promises of stocks. Practically in the rest of the rock, not a biker of the pedestrian naphtha birth is not a great variety of stocks, but a middle of the world.

In naftovidobuvnіy promislovostі Kraina neobhіdno rіzko zbіlshiti obsyagi ekspluatatsіynogo burіnnya on dіyuchih rodovischah, uniquely priskoriti osvoєnnya novih rodovisch, SSMSC peredbachaєtsya vіdkriti in protsesі geologorozvіduvalnih robіt, uschіlniti trammel sverdlovin and takozh vprovaditi complex metodіv schodo polіpshennya waterflood that will novih metodіv naftovіddachі.

In Ukraine, rozmіschenі і functііонуть шість the basic нафтопереробних заводів (НПЗ) - Кременчуцький, Лисичанський, Херсонський, Одеський, Дрогобицький, Надвірнянський. Vidnosno novomi і nadpotuzhnimi plants - Kremenchuk and ta Lisichanskiy. The first motivation for them was in 1966, the yogic exertion in the initial breakdown of naphtha was 18.6 million tons for the river at the beginning (Table 9). Other impulses from the 1976 p. І має потужність 16,0 million т for the рік. Reshta plant (krim Drogobitsky) sporudzhen in the pre-soviet rock and I know the difference in the intensity. In the pioneering period in the result of reconstruction, the exertion increased to 2.7-7.1 million tons for the river (1997). At the same time, the glyphine of the naphtha blockade in the region was lapped up to a low level - up to 60%. Zahidnyi Evropy won 80 per cent of the loans, and the United States - 90 per cent. Зазначені дані по Україні свідчать about those that are important part of the vibrobleny naftooproduktiv virgin fall on the mazut oil. Sumarna Poturzhynst of the secondary processes (for all oil refineries) to become approximately 35% of tensions in the initial processes (close to 12% to 35% - percolation of naphtha, 23% of the city's oil products), but, by the way, is not enough.

Table 9

BASIC INDICATORS OF NAVTOPEREREBNIKH FACTORIES OF UKRAINE in 1996-1997.

•   Primitka. The number of industrial-vibrochnic personnel at the refinery for 1997 p. Practically not zminilas. For giving the obedinnya "Ukrnaftohimpererobka."

Low technical level of vibrobnitsa naftoperebrochnoї promyslovost Ukraine, nedoskonalіst technologicheskih schemes NPZ, vypusk neyakisnikh naftoproduktiv viklikayut іtensivne zabrudnnya nakkolishnogo sredovischa. The main zabrudnikami vid naftofereobnih plant іrіchchanі spoluki, oxides vugletsyu, sirki nitrogen, soot tochno.

At zv'yazku with an unimaginative nadpotkom nafti in the Ukraine osyagi її perforations of a meaningful world lie in the scope of supplies її because of the inter-edge. The actual disregard of the spoiling of naphtho-products on the territory of Ukraine in the form of naphtha for the remaining rock is shown in Table. 10. Calls for the supply of naphtha to the head of the Federal Agency for Federal Communications. In Ukraine, the situation is unpleasant in the country, if our naphtha plants are, there are plenty of tensions for the vibrobitveva in the unbroken levels of naphthroproducts (for the most basic naimenuvan), simply. Z 1991 p. The submission of naphtha to Ukraine from the Rosії різко знижувалась. They were hurriedly hurried and oaths of the naphtha. Yaksho in 1990 p. 58.1 million tons were broken up, then in 1997, - less than 12.3 million tons (Table 11). Until then, yakis bugatokh naftoproduktiv not vidpovidaye vimogam spizhivachich. At the same time, we are ready to produce products from Russia, Belarus and the rest of the world. Ale an oriєntatsіya na masoviy import of ready naftoproduktiv є marnotratnoyu for be-anchovy kraїni, tim bіl'she for Ukraine in perіiod of crisis її економіки.

Table 10

PERFORMANCE OF FOOD PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE FOR RAIS OF NAFTI VLASNOGO VYROBNYTSTVA from 1990-1997 pp. *

* For giving АТ «Ukrnafta».

In this way, Ukraine stands before the need to solve collapsing problems, which are caused by a misdirected rozhvitkom naftofereobki yak odnієї z nayvazhlivіshih galuzey promislovostі i vsogo narodnospodarskogo complex, and takozh raatsionalnym ta stabilnim zabezpechennyam NPZ sirou naftoyu (vosnosyu i privznoyu).

Table 11

OBTAININGS OF OIL REFINING IN THE CRANKS OF UKRAINIAN PILOTS IN 1990-1997, million tons *

* For giving the obedinnya "Ukrnaftohimpererobka."

Nayvazhlivshim zavdannyam rozvitku naftopereobrobnoї promislovostі є zabezpechennia істотного зростання технічного рівня виробництва. Nasampered slid pidvishchiti glibinu pererobki naphtha to the river's edge, sho moyut rozvinutu naftoforoborku, tobto up to 80%. The goal of the bout was reached until 2010. Pogliblenia perebokki naphtha for Ukraine at the very beginning of the year, it is permitted to know economically the naphtha (up to 30%), not the lesser one for vinobnytsva svtlikh naftoproduktiv, to the first kilogram naybіlsh spozhivaniyah - auto gasoline, diesel fuel, aviatsiynogo gusu. True, with the use of the vibrobitztva's ointment to fill the fuel oil. However, it can be confined to other kinds of fishes, nasampered to Vughi. З поглибленням переробки нафти в Україні поліпшиться загальна structure випуску нафтопродуктів та більш ефективним стане використання нафтової сировини.