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Rozmіschennya productive forces of Ukraine - Doroguntsov S.І.

2. TERITORІALNA ORGANІZATSІYA TRANSPORTNOЇ system

Forms teritorіalnoї organіzatsії Transport Je zalіznichnі stantsії, vuzli, avtostantsії, morskі i rіchkovі port, pristanі, airport. VZAYEMODIYA rіznih vidіv zdіysnyuєtsya transport in the transport vuzlah zmіshanogo type.

Naybіlsh characteristic Je zmіshanі transported vantazhіv zalіznichnim i avtomobіlnim transport. Tehnologіchna VZAYEMODIYA Zaliznicnovo i avtomobіlnogo Transport held at zmіshanomu zalіznichno-avtomobіlnomu vzaєmozv'yazku, if carried vantazhіv rozpochato unimodal and prodovzhuєtsya vono in punktі perevantazhennya - іnshimi. Avtomobіlny transport zabezpechuє funktsіonuvannya virobnitstva quiet regіonіv de vіdsutnі zalіznitsі. Vіn zdіysnyuє transported vantazhіv іz zalіznichnih stantsіy abo Well, navpaki, rozpochinaє transported i delivery vantazhіv in paragraph perevantazhennya on zalіznichny transport and takozh at dostavtsі avtomobіlnim transport vantazhіv іz skladіv vіdpravnikіv on zalіznichnі stantsії vivіz vantazhіv іz stantsіy In stock otrimuvacha.

For teritorіalnoї organіzatsії transportnoї system is characterized by Je poєdnannya lіnіynih i punktovih elementіv. Before lіnіynih elementіv nalezhit trammel shlyahіv spoluchennya. Density tsієї MEREZHI, її konfіguratsіya throughput i provіzna spromozhnіst okremih napryamіv viznachayut digit mіroyu obsyag transportnoї robots. Formuvannya transportnoї MEREZHI, її species structure, density (schіlnіst) shlyahіv spoluchennya yak at tsіlomu so i okremih vidіv transport prohodzhennya mainly magіstraley viznachayutsya galuzevoyu structures Gospodarstwa, yogo virobnichoyu spetsіalіzatsієyu, teritorіalnoyu organіzatsієyu, population density punktіv, Especially іstorichnogo rozvitku, natural minds and takozh ekonomіko-geografіchnim PROVISIONS teritorії Kraina abo її regіonіv.

Ukraine Got Nadzvychaina sytuatsia spriyatlivі peredumovi for formuvannya i rozmіschennya transportnoї MEREZHI. Zokrema, galuzeva structure of the national Gospodarstwa that yogo teritorіalna organіzatsіya, vigіdne ekonomіko-geografіchne PROVISIONS viznachili rozvitok i rozmіschennya Zaliznicnovo, avtomobіlnogo, truboprovіdnogo transport.

When tsomu ekonomіko-geografіchne іstotno vplinulo the provisions on transit prohodzhennya magіstraley, truboprovodіv, formuvannya the agriculture vuzlіv zmіshanogo type. Rіvninny relєf spriyaє povsyudnomu rozmіschennyu shlyahіv spoluchennya. Vihіd to uzberezhzhya Chornogo i Azovskogo morіv, nayavnіst zruchnih bays on їh uzberezhzhі vplinuli on budіvnitstvo morskih portіv i rozvitok morskogo transport. Nayavnіst sudnoplavnih rіchok (Dnipro, Danube, Dnіster, Pivdenny Bug that іn.) Spriyala rozvitku rіchkovogo transport.

In tsіlomu in Ukraїnі rozvinutі All types Transport. Dinamіka vantazhooborotu usіh vidіv Transport zagalnogo koristuvannya hovering in the Table. 45.

tABLE 45

VANTAZHOOBOROT USІH VIDІV TRANSPORT UKRAINY in 1985-1997 pp., Bn. T / km. *

* Randomness schorіchnik Ukraine for 1997 Year. - K .: Ukraїnska Enzyklopädie, 1998. - S. 251.

Robot transportnoї Sistemi viznachaєtsya obsyagami transported vantazhіv that serednoyu dalnіstyu їh transported. Obsyagi transported vantazhіv okremimi modes of transport zagalnogo koristuvannya imposed in the Table. 46.

tABLE 46

VІDPRAVLENNYA (transported) VANTAZHІV OKREMIMI UKRAINY modes of transport in 1985-1997 pp. *

* Randomness schorіchnik Ukraine for 1997 Year. - K .: Ukraїnska Enzyklopädie, 1998. - S. 250.

Yak can be seen s Table. 46, at perevezennі vantazhіv rіzko vidіlyaєtsya avtomobіlny transport. Nezvazhayuchi to those scho for ostannі shіst rokіv obsyagi transported vantazhіv CIM view Transport zmenshilis bіlshe nіzh at 3.9 times, yogo chastka zalishaєtsya dosit Visoko i becoming 70% od zagalnogo obsyagu transported vantazhіv transport system of Ukraine. Stabіlnimi zalishayutsya obsyagi transported vantazhіv truboprovіdnim transport in one hour yak usіma іnshimi modes of transport tsі obsyagi postіyno skorochuyutsya. Vnaslіdok tsogo chastka truboprovіdnogo Transport uniquely zrosla i dosyagla 13%, scho mayzhe dorіvnyuє pitomіy ​​vazі Zaliznicnovo transport (16%).

The main reason for znizhennya obsyagіv transported vantazhіv boule: zagalna ekonomіtsі crisis in Ukraine; skorochennya obsyagіv virobnitstva mainly vantazhotvіrnih Galuzo; skorochennya eksportno-іmportnih transported; nestacha the agriculture zasobіv, їh fіzichne postarіnnya i nezadovіlny camp; obmezhennya supply novoї tehnіki; nepovne zabezpechennya Transport Fuel type i zapchastinami that іn.

Torn down gospodarskih zv'yazkіv Ukraine s kraїnami LICs potrebuє stvorennya vlasnoї virobnicho-bazi remontnoї the Branch.

Serednya dalnіst transported vantazhіv for ostannі p'yat rokіv mayzhe not zmіnilas i 1996 p. becomes:

• zalіznichnim transport - 552 km;
• morskim transport - 4388 km;
• rіchkovim transport - 768 km;
• avtomobіlnim transport - 18 km;
• truboprovіdnim transport - 799 km.