home Other disciplines Fіzіologіya i psihologіya pratsі - Krushelnitska YV

Fіzіologіya i psihologіya pratsі - Krushelnitska YV

2.2. Nervovі processes that їh dinamіka

Zbudzhennya i galmuvannya

Person of vіdchuvaє on sobі vpliv faktorіv zovnіshnogo seredovischa. In most organіzmі vіdbuvayutsya zmіni on SSMSC won takozh reaguє. Factory zovnіshnogo i vnutrіshnogo seredovischa Je materіalnoyu cause of vsіh protsesіv i yavisch, SSMSC vinikayut in organіzmі, oskіlki Je podraznikami for Demba. OAO All podraznennya scho spriymayutsya organіzmom bear rіznomanіtnu іnformatsіyu, yak pereroblyaєtsya on rіznih rіvnyah nervovoї Sistemi i vtіlyuєtsya in one second that same fіzіologіchnomu protsesі - zbudzhennі.

Zbudzhennya - tse bіologіchny processes, yaky skladaєtsya s nervovih іmpulsіv i put in that dіyu chi Inshyj body abo yelement. Process zbudzhennya vinikaє access in all organs, SSMSC skladayutsya s nervovoї i m'yazovoї tkanini, that in zalozah. Find our Spetsifіchnoyu zbudzhennya m'yaza Je yogo skorochennya. In nervovih klіtinah pid hour zbudzhennya generuyutsya nervovі іmpulsi, zalozovі klіtini vidіlyayut secret.

Spetsifіchnoyu vlastivіstyu zbudzhennya Je zdatnіst send both by nervovih fibers, scho zabezpechuє fіzіologіchny phone reception mіzh usіma systems Some of the elements that organіzmu, їh funktsіonalnu Yednist.

Process zbudzhennya suprovodzhuєtsya vitratami energetichnih resursіv klіtin. Tom nespetsifіchnі Find our zbudzhennya takі:

• priskorennya obmіnu rechovin in klіtinі;
• posilennya teploproduktsії;
• zmіni elektrichnogo camp.

Chim bіlshe navantazhennya in viglyadі processes zbudzhennya zdatnі vitrimati Elements mozk abo nervova tkanina, team vischoyu Je їh pratsezdatnіst.

For viniknennya zbudzhennya toil values ​​force podraznika, shvidkіst knots in podraznennya i dії hour. For power podrazniki podіlyayutsya on pіdporogovі, porogovі i nadporogovі. Pіdporogovі podrazniki harakterizuyutsya power, yakoї nedostatno for zbudzhennya. Threshold nazivaєtsya mіnіmalna force podraznika, dostatnya for viniknennya zbudzhennya. Nadporogovі podrazniki toil great power i prizvodyat to znachnіshih funktsіonalnih for Change.

Mіzh power podraznika i yogo trivalіstyu dії іsnuє Auburn proportsіyna zalezhnіst: cpm bіlsha force podraznika, Tim Mensch Je trivalіst yogo dії scho neobhіdna for viniknennya zbudzhennya, i navpaki.

Dіyalnіst nervovoї system for Vislova I. Pavlov, harakterizuєtsya processes zbudzhennya i galmuvannya.

Galmuvannya - Folding bіologіchny processes, yaky poslablyuє abo pripinyaє dіyalnіst of chi іnshogo body znizhuє rіven aktivnostі fіzіologіchnih systems. On vіdmіnu od zbudzhennya, galmuvannya vіdbuvaєtsya perevazhno vseredinі klіtin i do not poshiryuєtsya on nervovih provіdnikah to іnshih organіv.

In fіzіologіchnih systems SSMSC pratsyuyut, processes zbudzhennya i galmuvannya tіsno pov'yazanі s processes visnazhennya i vіdnovlennya. Pid visnazhennyam rozumіyut vitrati materіalnih resursіv klіtin, nasampered klіtin tsentralnoї nervovoї system pid hour їh become active, tobto pid hour zbudzhennya. Galmuvannya zabezpechuє vіdnovlennya normal protoplasm will klіtini that її funktsіonalnih resursіv. Koli visnazhennya materіalnih resursіv klіtini dosyagaє Pevnyi kіlkіsnogo value vklyuchaєtsya processes galmuvannya, yaky pripinyaє away vikoristannya funktsіonalnih resursіv. Otzhe, visnazhennya Je podraznikom galmіvnogo processes and galmuvannya - podraznikom vіdnovlyuvalnih protsesіv in klіtinah.

In stanі galmuvannya nervova klіtina not vіdpovіdaє on іmpulsi scho nadhodyat, i actively vіdnovlyuє svoї resources.

In kozhnіy nervovіy klіtinі processes zbudzhennya i galmuvannya zakonomіrno zmіnyuyutsya, yavlyayuchi him rіznі Fazi її dіyalnostі. When dії podraznika nadmіrnoї Sealy bagatorazovogo abo yogo recurrence in nervovih klіtinah zamіst zbudzhennya vinikaє galmuvannya processes. Tacke galmuvannya otrimalo titles receptionists, bіologіchnogo for Sutta i bezumovnogo for pohodzhennyam.

Zakonomіrnostі vzaєmodії protsesіv zbudzhennya i galmuvannya takі:

• іrradіatsіya;
• іnduktsіya.

Іrradіatsіya - tse poshirennya nervovogo processes h Georeferencing de vіn Winick on navkolishnі nervovі center.

Іnduktsіya - tse guidance protilezhnogo processes at the Center for navkolishnі nervovі minds kontsentratsії zbudzhennya chi galmuvannya on mіstsі viniknennya Svoge.

Kontsentratsіya zbudzhennya in nervovih klіtinah scho pratsyuyut, that іnduktsіya galmuvannya on navkolishnі nervovі center at protsesі pratsі viklyuchayut nepotrіbnі dії that zayvі Ruhi pratsіvnika.

Otzhe, galmuvannya in protsesі pratsі:

• viklyuchaє reaktsії pratsіvnika on pobіchnі podrazniki;
• zahischaє nervovu od perenapruzhennya system that funktsіonalnogo visnazhennya.

Main vlastivostyami nervovih protsesіv Je їh force vrіvnovazhenіst i ruhlivіst.

By the power of nervovih protsesіv nazivayut zdatnіst nervovih klіtin rozvivati ​​i trivaly hour vitrimuvati znachnі napruzhennya zbudzhennya i galmuvannya. Vrіvnovazhenіst nervovih protsesіv - tse їh spіvvіdnoshennya for power. Ruhlivіst nervovih protsesіv - tse shvidkіst zbudzhennya transition from galmuvannya, i navpaki.