home Economy Books Держане регулювання економіки - Chistov S.M.

Держане регулювання економіки - Chistov S.M.

5.3. Forms and methods of realizing scientific and technical polity

Досягнення цілей та завдань науково-технічної політики здійснюється державою через застосування concrete methodsів її реалізації. For the knowledge to form a flush on the scientific and technological development of economy, the whole arsenal of methods is to be subordinated to the two groups: the method of the direct method of indirect regulation.

Prior to the methods of direct regulation,

• Viznachennya derzhavnih prіоритетів розвитку науки и техніки;
• Holding scientific and technical programs;
• The state in the science and technology sphere;
• State scientific and technical expertise;
• Budgetary financing is not limited to that robot, but to be vikonuyutsya within the framework of priortitnih naprimkіv rozvitku nauki i tehniki;
• Sobstvennaya politya schodo forma zaochochenna naukovo-tehnichnykh kadriv;
• State policy in the sphere of patent and litigation.

Prior to the methods of indirect regulation,

• Differentiated subativist policy;
• Stimulation of the financial and credit policy;
• Gnuchka depreciation;
• Legal zahist інтелектуальної власності;
• State power in the sphere of international science and technology spirobotnitstva.

Methods direct regulyuvannya predbachayut bezposerednyu fate of the power in virishenny yak zagalnyh problems of science and technology rozvitku, and problems yogo okremih spheres ta strams. The methods of indirect regulation of economic development of the legal system for accelerating the scientific and technical progress, the protec- tion are not meant, but they are the same for all the branches of science and technology. The power can be diversified before the priorities of the program. Ale is a smarter, shoob at the cuts of skin naproku chi progami naukov, doslіdnі ta projectnі organіzatії mali odikovі ekonomіchnі ta vovіvі dіvіlnostі, schо сприятиме розвитку конкуренції міжми.

Methods of realizing scientific and technological information in a way can be sub-divided into three groups: legal, administrative and economical. З-поміж методів науково-технічної політики виокремлюються прості методи, які користться тільки one із способів впливу, і складні, які поєднують усі можлиі способі. So, napriklad, budetnoe fіnansuvannya doslіdzhenzhen ta robіt, scho vikonuєtsya in the framework of priоrtotnih naprymkіv rozvitku science and technology, vidnosyat to folding methods, oskіlki, one side, specific fіnnsuvannya viznachayutsya authorities vikonavchoy vladi, tobto adminіtivnimnym rіshennyam, znіshogo - vony vtіljayutsya in Showers of the state budget, a kind of character - economical vazhel.

By the start-up stage, the form of science and technology, є vstanovlennya derzhavnih priоoroteіv rozvitku nauki і tehniki. The priorities are to be based on the analysis of future prospects, the development of the economy, the development of science and technology, and the national scientific and technical potential. Wongs become the basis of science and technology and are introduced in the legislative acts of the state. Vihodachi z prioritnichnyh naprymіv rozrolyayut system stanovnikh zahodiv, yaku realizmyut usіma іншими methods. So, on the back of the agenda, the ambiguity is to formulate the scientific and technological programs, the system of taxpayers is differentiated, the budgets of the budgetary financing and the nadnanie of the credit institutions are divided.

Державні науково-технічні програми є one із methodів planuvannya naukovo-tehnіchnogo rozvitku promyslovostі. Tse a document, in which I have a resource, vikonavtsiv that line zdіysnennya complex zahodiv, sprymovanyh virishennya naukovo-tehnichnih problems. Behind the minds of the economy of the economy, there is an indictable nature, including the plans for setting up top-down institutions, keeping private scientific and research projects, and for forecasting the development of science projects and projects in the private sector.

Держане замовлення в науково-технічній сферыі забезпечує економічно вигідні умоi for the participants in science, дослідних і проекних оргаізацій у розвитку фундаментальних досліджень, розробці та освоєннівноі principle of new technologies and products. Держане замовлення укладається відповідно до державних наукови-технічних программа на договірній основі. Vono zabezpechuyutsya fіnansuvannyam, pіdtrimuєtsya materіalno-tehnіchnimi resources і vyazyvaetsya vikonavtsyam on competition ambushes. Vazhlivim moment of the hour of the competition for the preservation of the state power in the science and technology sphere is the care of the glasnost of the minds held, the participants and the participants of the competitions.

Держана науково-технічна експертиза є невід'ємним елементом реалізації науково-технічної політики. Vaughn is conducted with the help of the method of preventing the development of science and technology in the field of science and technology, the development of science and technology, the promotion of social and economic development, the improvement of science and technology, the analysis of the effectiveness of science and technology, the vividness of the country and the results. Visnovy sverhvії експертизи використовуться також для обгрунтування доцільності надання податкових та крединих пільг.

Budgetary fіnansuvannya naukovo-tehnіchnoї діяльності стосується, як the rule, fundamental досліджень і розроббок, зокрема з питань оборони України; Prіоритетних напрямків розвитку науки і техніки; Applied scientific and technical rasborok, the result of such majestic prudence; Naukovo-tehnichnyh dosleniyat ta robіt, yakі pov'yazhі z naukovo-tehnіchnim spivrobnitnstvom for the international lands. Fіnansuvannya for rahunok budgetary koshtіv здійснюється through: the base фінансування yak zііb підтримки fundamental doslіdzheno be carried out in the scientific settings of those who hasten the naschalnyh mortgages; Цільове фінансування відповідно до пріоритетних напрямів і науково-технічних програм; The contract is not financially important for important purposes, but the scrap has passed the competitive bid.

Vazhlivim method realizatsii science and technology polity - izformannya ta zaochochennya naukovo-tehnichnyh kadriv. Power zabezpechuє pіdgotovku that perepіdgotovku NAUKOVO-tehnіchnih kadrіv have Reigning Naukova i install The Teaching mortgages vidіlyaє neobhіdnі for tsogo byudzhetnі asignuvannya th materіalnі resources zakonodavcho nadaє rіvnі pravovі minds for funktsіonuvannya organіzatsіynih structures rіznih forms vlasnostі, SSMSC zdіysnyuyut navchannya th pіdvischennya kvalіfіkatsії kadrіv. The power to install the obov'yakovy mininum of science and technology for the skin of the region. By the method of preparation of the science schools, the power of the system is required for the atestation of the science curriculum vikladatskikh kadrivs, that is, the exclusion of the students who graduate from the science school in the local world. For nayvishchy dosyagnnenya in the science and technology gadgets, the state will establish the premiès and postures for osib, yakis zrobili znachny vnesok ya rozvitok tekhnologii, tehnologii, ikh realizatsii u vibrobnitsy.

Derzhava polity in the sphere of patent and іlісцензій є warehousing part of the science and technology policy. Vaughn is crammed into the regularity of entries, which appear in nabuttyam to the vicarities of the rights to the objects of telecommunication. Behind the minds of the economy of the economy, the right to intellectual property can be regulated by the system of income-generating techniques for science and technology pratices. Authorize інтелетелектуальної власності отримують частину доходів від використання їхнього продукту в бізнесі. Їхню працю високо цінує суспільство. In such a process, the system of dealing with scientific and technical problems before the enrichment of science and technology, the distribution of scientific, technological and technological products, yogic practicality, is straightforward. In the case of the state in politics and in the sphere of patent and litigation, it is censured to the zahist and the telecommunications of the state, and the state may become the prince of science and technology.

Derzhavna podatkova politika takozh ma stvorovati pridniglivi ekonomichnyi umovi for prikorennya naukovo-tehnichnogo progress. W tsієyu metoyu in podatkovih zakonodavstvі peredbachaєtsya diferentsіatsіya podatkovih rates that Mitnija zborіv, spryamovana on zbіlshennya Vlasnyi іnvestitsіynih resursіv NAUKOVO-doslіdnih organіzatsіy, of companies that ob'єdnan scho conductive robots s prіoritetnih napryamіv NTP. Пільгове оподаткування має цільовий character і безпосередньо по'язуєється with the results of science and technology діяльності. Polіtika diferentsіatsії podatkovih rates that їh viznachennya fallow od kіntsevogo result dopovnyuєtsya such vazhelyami: podatkovih credit for perіod vikonannya NDDKR, podatkovih іnvestitsіyny loan, yaky peredbachaє zmenshennya podatkovih rates fallow od zagalnoї sumi іnvestitsіy Actively chastku novih mainly fondіv i on pridbannya that vprovadzhennya novih tehnologіy, S one-hour pidvistchennyam podatkovichi rates in these areas of business, debrimyutsya pributki, yakі znachitelno rozvyshchit serednu norm of profitability without the regulation of innovative product.

Vazhlive mіsce in differentsіvііnі podatkovіy polіtіі nalezhit mіtnіm пільгам, establishment for еxport of new technologies, іtotkuvannya, products, licenses, "know-how" тощо.

Diferentsіyovana podatkovih polіtika obov'yazkovo guilty spryamovuvatisya on pіdtrimku Malih of companies, SSMSC zdіysnyuyut іnnovatsіynu dіyalnіst, pіdtrimku avtorіv іntelektualnoї vlasnostі scho vikoristovuєtsya for stvorennya іnnovatsіynogo product.

To the warehouse of methods of indirect regulation, it is necessary to stimulate the financial and credit policy. Її basic zmіst polyagaє in nadannіy power of credit resources on пільгових увовім тим комерційним banks, yakі creditutіng виконання робіт з prіоритетних напрямів НТП. In the course of stimulating the financial and credit policy in the sphere of science and technology, the securing of specialization of innovative banks, innovative funds and insurance companies. Such polіtika realіzuєtsya for Relief vstanovlennya pіlgovih lending rates, nadannya kreditіv on Povny lines realіzatsії іnnovatsіynih proektіv established by pіlgovogo grafіka Povernennya іnnovatsіynih kreditіv that SPLAT protsentіv, stvorennya spetsіalіzovanoї perestrahovoї kompanії NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї dіyalnostі.

By the method of інтенсифікації відновлювальних процесів у науково-технічній сферыі the power to carry out a gnuchka amortization of the policy. Її zmіst polyagaє in fact scho NAUKOVO-doslіdnim, doslіdno-konstruktorskim, design tehnologіchnim organіzatsіyam, pіdpriєmstvam that ob'єdnannyam scho lead Robots s prіoritetnih napryamіv NTP that viroblyayut іnnovatsіyny product nadaєtsya right samostіyno viznachati method narahuvannya amortizatsії. Legislation in one's time is one of pre-empting one of the alternative methods in naryakhvania of depreciation: rivnomirny, praskorenogo, ovovilnenogo. The vibrational method can be absorbed by an unimaginable extension of one calendar rock. Застосування гнушкої амортизаційної політики в науково-технічній сферыі дає можмість кожній оргаізації form the optimal structure of vitrat і в такий спосіб планувати власну стратегію розвитку.

I need an unmediated understanding of the practical vicarities of science and technology - the state power of the right to intellectual property in science and technology. The Law of Ukraine "On the basis of state power in the sphere of science and science and technology" (article 26) falsifies the results of science and technology in the field of science and technology, is not required by law By agreement. The result is the completion of fundamental research, and takozh robot priortitnih naprimkiv rozvitku nauki tehniki, scho fenansuyutsya rahunok buduyu, vikonavtsyami transmitting power. For the realiza- tion of such a right, it is necessary to keep efficient the patent and information system, the rozgaluzheno structure of the patent and legal system, the legislation on telecommunications, and the security of the vvokremlenya that the shipwreck of the ship's navigation.

Vazhlivim by the method of state policy in the sphere of scientific and technical progress і підтримка міжнародного науково-технічного співробітництва. Міжнародне співробітництвотвоворилось необхідні правові й Economical and economic support of the scientific and technological development of science and technology in the field of science and technology in the field of international scientific comradeship. Sub'єktam NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoї dіyalnostі nadaєtsya right to take fate in vikonannі mіzhnarodnih programs that cater to ukladati s іnozemnimi organіzatsіyami i fіrmami, brothers in fate dіyalnostі іnozemnih that mіzhnarodnih Naukova tovaristv, asotsіatsіy soyuzіv that the rights їhnіh chlenіv, zdіysnyuvati vzaєmny obmіn NAUKOVO-tehnіchnoyu іnformatsієyu, Conduct obmin naukovo-tehnichnimi vikladatskimi cadres, students that aspirants, and takozh spilnu pidgotovki fahivtsiv.