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Fіnansova statistics - Shustіkov AA

3. Briefly STRAHUVANNYA

3.1. Ponyattya strahuvannya i yogo zavdannya randomness vivchennya

Strahuvannya - tse system ekonomіchnih vіdnosin scho polyagayut in stvorennі for rakhunok of companies, organіzatsіy that population spetsіalnogo fund koshtіv i vikoristannі Yogo for vіdshkoduvannya vtrat scho steel vnaslіdok stihіynogo dashing that іnshih nespriyatlivih vipadkovih yavisch and takozh nadannya Relief gromadyanam in razі nastannya in їhnomu zhittі rіznih krizovoe situatsіy (dosyagnennya Pevnyi vіku, vtrata pratsezdatnostі toscho). Strahuvannya yavlyaє him spetsifіchny view ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі. Processes that yavischa scho Yea subject strahuvannya, ymovіrnіsnі for svoєyu nature. Identically, for upravlіnnya them neobhіdno mother vіrogіdnu that Povny іnformatsіyu. Tsієyu galuzzyu dіyalnostі Got zaymatisya strahuvannya statistics. Otzhe subject of statistics strahuvannya Je masovі, kіlkіsnі processes, SSMSC vіdbuvayutsya in strahuvannі i toil іmovіrnіsnu nature.

In rezultatі stihіynogo dashing Chi pevnoї neperedbachenoї podії fіzichnim that Yurydychna ladies Mauger Buti zavdany zbitok. Zvichayno postaє power about dzherelo vіdshkoduvannya vtrat. One s mozhlivih varіantіv polyagaє in stvorennі spetsіalnogo backup insurance fund.

Stvorennya reserve insurance fondіv Mauger zdіysnyuvatisya in these forms:

• Fondi samostrahuvannya;
• tsentralіzovane Strahov zabezpechennya;
• kolektivnі strahovі funds.

Samostrahuvannya ґruntuєtsya on іndivіdualnіy vіdpovіdalnostі i polyagaє in fact, scho abo Yurydychna fіzichna person formuє vlasnі strahovі (rezervnі) of the Fund for rakhunok Vlasnyi koshtіv.

Tsentralіzovane Strahov zabezpechennya zasnovuєtsya on derzhavnіy vіdpovіdalnostі i peredbachaє vіdshkoduvannya vtrat for rakhunok zagalnoderzhavnih koshtіv.

Stvorennya Collective INSURANCE fondіv, tobto strahuvannya in tsіlomu, bazuєtsya on solіdarnіy vіdpovіdalnostі uchasnikіv Tsikh fondіv. Strahuvannya Je naydotsіlnіshoyu, ekonomnіshoyu, efektivnіshoyu i ratsіonalnіshoyu the form of insurance stvorennya fondіv. Porіvnyano Zi samostrahuvannyam vono uniquely deshevshe, oskіlki zasnovane on solіdarnіy vіdpovіdalnostі.

Basic statistics zavdannyami strahuvannya Je vivchennya tendentsіy rozvitku INSURANCE produktіv, popitu them, warehouse strahuvalnikіv, otsіnka diferentsіyovanih rizikіv i s pov'yazanih them zbitkіv, doslіdzhennya efektivnostі іnvestitsіy i dіyalnostі INSURANCE kompanіy in tsіlomu.

Golovnі funktsії statistics strahuvannya - zabezpechennya INSURANCE organіv neobhіdnoyu randomness іnformatsієyu and takozh viyavlennya tendentsіy i zakonomіrnostey appeared INSURANCE podіy. Persha funktsіya polyagaє in organіzatsії randomness sposterezhennya in strahuvannі, obrobtsі that analіzі statistichnoї Informácie, rozrobtsі metodologії rozrahunku randomness pokaznikіv, obґruntuvannі Sistemi pokaznikіv for rіznih vidіv strahuvannya. Another funktsіya polyagaє in viyavlennі tendentsіy i zakonomіrnostey appeared INSURANCE podіy, otsіntsі їh frequency now i rіvnya vazhkostі. For rozv'yazannya Tsikh problems neobhіdno viznachiti obґruntovany rіven rates.

Krіm tsogo, strahuvannya statistics guilty vstanovlyuvati vzaєmozv'yazok mіzh strahuvannyam i rіvnem penny dohodіv population structure viyavlyati strahuvalnikіv okremih vidіv INSURANCE rizikіv for vіkom, statte, overlooking dіyalnostі that іnshimi acquaint themselves.

For rozv'yazannya perelіchenih issues statistics strahuvannya vikoristovuє takі i Metodi priyomi teorії statistics: method is absolutely i vіdnosnih values ​​serednіh values ​​analіz dinamіchnih ryadіv, methods analіzu vzaєmozv'yazkіv, іndeksny method vibіrkovy method that іn.

The system of insurance organіv skladaєtsya s Reigning i-sovereign INSURANCE organіzatsіy. Nederzhavnі strahovі organіzatsії vklyuchayut samostіynі spetsіalіzovanі aktsіonernі i privatnі pіdpriєmstva i kompanії, stvorennya yakih Pocha h time of acceptance of normative vіdpovіdnih dokumentіv on state-sponsored rіvnі.

Main sub'єktami strahuvannya vistupayut insurer, strahuvalnik i are insured.

Insurers - tse Yurydychna person (insurance kompaniia), yak dіє on pіdstavі vіdpovіdnoї lіtsenzії, beruchi on itself zobov'yazannya schodo stvorennya Collective insurance fund i s viplati Demba insurance vіdshkoduvannya.

Strahuvalnik - Yurydychna abo fіzichna person, yak on pіdstavі vіdpovіdnoї lands Zi insurers splachuє strahovі vneski to the insurance fund.

Are insured - Yurydychna abo fіzichna lady yakіy nalezhit Strahov vіdshkoduvannya at nastannі insurance vipadku. Krіm order Mauger vіdokremlyuvatis Taqiy sub'єkt, yak otrimuvach insurance vіdshkoduvannya in quiet vipadkah, if yogo not Mauger otrimati are insured.

In okremih vipadkah the insurance vіdnosinah Mauger Braty fate kіlka strahovikіv. Tse poyasnyuєtsya EYAD vіdnosin forms of insurance: i spіvstrahuvannya reinsurance. Spіvstrahuvannya - tse fate in strahuvannі vіdrazu kіlkoh strahovikіv. Reinsurance - tse transfer agreement strahuvannya od one insurer to іnshogo. In Tsikh vіdnosinah viokremlyuєtsya two sub'єkti: perestrahuvalnik i perestrahovik. Perestrahuvalnik - tse insurer, yaky peredaє іnshomu dogovіr strahuvannya, perestrahovik - tse insurer, yaky priymaє dogovіr strahuvannya i zobov'yazannya on nomu.

Strahuvannyu nalezhit duzhe vazhliva role in protsesі Kraina transition to a competitive market analysis vіlnogo. Not usuvayuchi povnіstyu Taqiy factor yak rinkova neviznachenіst, strahuvannya Mauger Pevnyi mіroyu zadovolniti required in fіnansovіy bezpetsі yak Private komertsіynih i Promyslova of companies, so i їh sіmey.

In hodі analіzu strahuvannya vikoristovuyutsya klasifіkatsії that grupuvannya for such acquaint themselves.

1. For the types:

a) a special person, de ekonomіchnoyu Basics vistupayut podії in zhittі fіzichnih osіb - strahuvannya Zhittya, od neschasnih vipadkіv, medichne strahuvannya;

b) Mainova strahuvannya de ob'єktom strahuvannya vistupayut materіalnі tsіnnostі - transport, vantazhі, INSHI Vidi Lane, fіnansovі riziki;

c) strahuvannya vіdpovіdalnostі, subject yakogo employees mozhlivі zobov'yazannya strahuvalnika on vіdshkoduvannyu vtrat tretіm personages;

d) reinsurance.

2. For funktsіyami:

a) funktsіya nagromadzhennya, yak polyagaє in fact scho Participants insurance processes stvoryuyut reserve koshtіv for pokrittya mozhlivih zbitkіv;

b) pererozpodіlna funktsіya polyagaє in fact scho strahuvannya dozvolyaє pereklasti zbitki one uchasnikіv on іnshih;

c) funktsіya vіdshkoduvannya, abo rizikova - nadannya Relief note hto postrazhdav od insurance vipadku;

g) poperedzhuvalna funktsіya - fіnansuvannya zahodіv, spryamovanih on znizhennya vtrat od INSURANCE podіy.

3. For forms strahuvannya:

a) dobrovіlne, yak zdіysnyuєtsya on pіdstavі dogovorіv mіzh strahuvalnikami i insurers;

b) obov'yazkove - on osnovі zakonodavchih aktіv.

The insurance on the Branch rinok podіlyaєtsya Mainova, NKVD strahuvannya, strahuvannya vіdpovіdalnostі i sotsіalnogo strahuvannya.

Ob'єktami Mainova strahuvannya Je basically the obіgovy kapіtal of companies, organіzatsіy, Main gromadyan.

Ob'єktami NKVD strahuvannya vistupayut Zhittya i Zdorov'ya gromadyan. The types of NKVD strahuvannya Je zmіshane strahuvannya Zhittya (ob'єktami vistupayut odnochasno Zhittya i Health Protection), strahuvannya dіtey i t. Іn. NKVD strahuvannya vikonuє Dvi funktsії: Insurance that nagromadzhuvalnu. Persha peredbachaє vіdshkoduvannya vtrat at nastannі strahovoї podії. Another funktsіya polyagaє in fact scho pіslya zakіnchennya line dії insurance contract are insured viplachuєtsya insurance scrip. W okremih vidіv strahuvannya soums of insurance vneskіv Mensch od strahovoї sumi. Tse pov'yazane vikoristannyam s insurers of insurance otrimanih vneskіv fіnansovomu on market analysis. Chastina otrimanih od tsogo dohodіv vidіlyaєtsya are insured. NKVD strahuvannya dozvolyaє population will win access to dodatkovih fondіv in razі INSURANCE vipadkіv.

In sistemі sotsіalnogo strahuvannya ob'єktom strahuvannya vistupaє pratsezdatnіst i pratsevlashtuvannya. Strahuvannya pratsezdatnostі zdіysnyuєtsya on vipadok її postіynoї chi timchasovoї vtrati. Strahuvannya pratsevlashtuvannya zdіysnyuєtsya on vipadok bezrobіttya. Sotsіalne strahuvannya Got obov'yazkovy i dobrovіlny character. In order obov'yazkovomu vono zdіysnyuєtsya through zagalnoderzhavnі tsіlovі fund: pensіyny, sotsіalnogo strahuvannya, strahuvannya on vipadok bezrobіttya. Insurers vistupaє power in osobі upovnovazhenih organіv, strahuvalnikami - pratsenaymachі i pratsyuyuchі for hiring gromadyani, are insured - pratsіvniki of companies, organіzatsіy that setup. Strahovі platezhі zdіysnyuyutsya in formі vneskіv to the Pension Fund, the Fund sotsіalnogo strahuvannya i Fund spriyannya zaynyatostі population. Strahov vіdshkoduvannya zdіysnyuєtsya in formі pensіy - at razі povnoї chi chastkovoї vtrati pratsezdatnostі; Relief - at razі timchasovoї vtrati pratsezdatnostі that bezrobіttya. Dobrovіlne strahuvannya zdіysnyuєtsya through nederzhavnі that vіdomchі pensіynі Fondi i Got dodatkovy character.

In medichnomu strahuvannі ob'єktom strahuvannya vistupaє Zdorov'ya gromadyan. Vono held on vipadok hvorobi i Mauger yak zdіysnyuvatis in obov'yazkovіy so i dodatkovo in dobrovіlnіy formі yak through derzhavnі so i nederzhavnі structure. Strahuvalnikami mozhut vistupati: Power (s Budget) pіdpriєmstva, organіzatsії that gromadyani (for rakhunok Vlasnyi koshtіv). Strahov vіdshkoduvannya nadaєtsya in formі Pay lіkuvannya.

When strahuvannі vіdpovіdalnostі ob'єktom vistupaє zobov'yazannya zastrahovanoї individuals viplatiti vіdshkoduvannya for zavdanі zbitki tretіm individuals. Nayposhirenіshim views Je strahuvannya gromadyanskoї vіdpovіdalnostі vodіїv of motor zasobіv. Krіm of ob'єktom strahuvannya Mauger vistupati profesіyna vіdpovіdalnіst for osіb okremih profesіy, SSMSC svoїmi dіyami chi nenalezhnim vikonannyam svoїh obov'yazkіv mozhut zavdati zbitki svoїm klієntam.

Ob'єktom strahuvannya rizikіv Je nedootrimany Prybutok chi zbitki at zdіysnennі Pevnyi gospodarskih i fіnansovih operatsіy Yakimov pritamanny suttєvy rizik. Tse - Credit riziki s i Zastavna operatsіy, bіrzhovih lands deposit vkladіv Yurydychna i fіzichnih osіb, vtrat od Oscillations Monetary kursіv. Tsya Galuzo strahuvannya Je Especially vazhlivoyu for rinkovoї Economy.

Suprovodzhuєtsya penny reinsurance flows in addition razі, if the transfer agreement strahuvannya zdіysnyuєtsya pіslya otrimannya perestrahuvalnikom INSURANCE platezhіv, SSMSC vіn i peredaє perestrahuvalniku. Yakscho peredaєtsya dogovіr, s yakogo slit not nadіyshli strahovі platezhі then їh Adding strahuvalnikom zdіysnyuvatimetsya odrazu to address perestrahovika. Krіm addition, vzaєmovіdnosinah mіzh perestrahuvalnikom i perestrahovikom toil Location groshovі flows scho harakterizuyut fіnansovі vіdnosini mіzh s drive them kupіvlі-sale dogovorіv strahuvannya. Yak usually stink zdіysnyuyutsya in formі komіsіynoї pay. Tsі vіdnosini not nalezhat to the insurance penny potokіv, oskіlki not harakterizuyut ruh koshtіv INSURANCE fondіv.