home Other disciplines Фізіологія і психологія праці - Krushelnytska Ya.V.

Фізіологія і психологія праці - Krushelnytska Ya.V.

13.2. Methods of setting regulations for a break in the picture

Reglamentovani perervi on vidpochinok ta vstanovlennya їх загальної тривалості

Reglamentovani perervi on vidpochinok - tse breaks for rahunok robochogo hour, yakі vstanovlyayutsya in pevnі vіdіzki zmіni і perebachayut pripinnenya roboti podmіnu pračіvnika. The project of the regulation of the breaks into the visibles is preceded by the following problems:

• Vstanovlennya zagalnogo hour on reglamentovannyi perervi;
• Obgruntuvannya trivalisti odnієї perevi;
• Rozpodil break by stretching robochoi zmіni.

When vstanovlenniі zagalnogo chasu per regentovanovi perervi realizuetsya decilka methodical pіdhodіv.

Practically zastosuvannya knew so to them:

• Vstanovlenya riznyh allowances for vidpochinok lay in the minds of the vibrotic mediocrity and factor in the labor process;
• Empirical method;
• Viznachennaya hour on the basis of the basic characteristics of the phisiological characteristics (the average frequency of the pulse for zmіnu, vitrati енергії for one hvilina with vikonannі roboty, znizhennia stіticchnoї vitіvalostі in kіntsі robochogo days porіvnyano z budočim perіodom tіn.);
• Vstanovlennya zagalnogo hour on vidpochinok for pokaznikom second і minds pratsi.

Naybіlsh of extensions in the practice of the separation of regimens in prac- tices and visual procedures, the method of placing redundant add-ons for the visualization of the robotics vikonenya. The technique of putting the hour on the watch is done by the following factors: fisichnu zusillya, nervovoe napruzhennya, tempo roboti, robocha pose, monotony of roboty, temperature, water, vypromunyuvannya, zabrudnist povitrya, vibromichi noise, vibration, osvitlennya. In the field, the strength of the skin factor should be set to the normal hour for adiposity in the range of 1 to 9% of the operative hour. The operative hour is an hour, but it is vitiated without any middle ground to form the power of the subject matter, and so on the vikonannya dіy, yakі cienti tsim zmіnam. Napriklad, yakshchoo trivalval prikladannya fizichnyh zusil on rivnі 5-15 kg become less than half robochkoi zmіni, then the norm of one hour for adolescents is 1% of the operational hour, yakshcho more than half of that 2%. When the tooth is 31-50 kg tsei pokaznik pays up 8% and 9%. With an unknown nerve-wracking hour for adolescents, it becomes 1-2%, with an average of 3-4%, and with a pidvizhennomu - 5%. Analogously vstanovlyuetsya norm hour for vidpochinok on інших factors. The normative values ​​for the hour for adiposity by the skin factor are induced in Table 13.1.

The hour for adolescence is defined as the sum of percentages, the restorations for the skin factor. Tsya technique vikoristovuyutsya vibrobnitsy, hocha maє suttievi neldoliki. Fundamentals of these are the lack of coverage of extra hours for admission and admission of graduation factors in the minds of prats.

The essence of the empirical method of polygas is in the fact that the hour for visual impairment is set in the process of the vibro- pic experiment with the flag of the past, the effects of the ristant regimes, the deviation of the curtain, and the triviality of the break. Criteria otsinki serve servicemen pratsi, percentage of marriage, signs of the second pravtsivnikiv, injuries. Tse method of work and not zasosovuvatysya in the scale of the vsogo people's government.

Method viznachennya on the clock on the basis of the physiological characteristics ґruntuyatsya on the principles of the principles.

So, odnі doslidniki proponuyut pripinyat robot, yak tilki reach the rivny riven napruzhennya concrete fiziologichnogo funktsii. Nayachechshe vikoristovuyutsya such a show, yak frequency pulse. Вважається, що кількість надлишкових удаів pulse is not responsible for perevishchuvati 60-100. Yak tilki reach such a riven, the robot is guilty of getting drunk.

Table 13.1

An hour for admission is based on the importance of robotics and sanitarian-minded minds, in% of the operational hour

Fiziologami installed such a fallowness mizh robochoyu frequency pulse of prazivnika і trivalistyu robochogo hour [28]:

Bіlsh priinyatnim criterion of a borderline permissible river basin for organism can be in the mean of the frequency of the pulse for zmіnu, including periodi roboti vіdpochinku, at rіvnі 100 beats / хв. Середньозмінний пульс, ударів / хв:

De Pr - pulse pc hour robot, shock / hw; Pv - pulse pіd hour відпочинку, ударів / хв; Tp is the ptoma of the wag hour of roboty at the winter fund of the robot hour,%; Tв - Pitoma vag hour for admission to the breeding fund of a robotic hour,%.

On robots, the frequency of the pulse frequency at the antennas is 100 beats per second, VV Rozenblat and Yu. G. Solonin, propelled the virachovuvaty hour for admission and additional robotics for the formula:

De - the mean frequency of the pulse is the hour of the basic robot;

- the average frequency of the pulse is the hour of the vibe of the additional robot.

G. Leman for vnostovlenya dodatkovoy trivalovі vidpochinku with important robots zapononavav vikoristovuvaty pokaznik Energozatrat. With the cost of energy for the hvilin on the river 4 kcal, you can see the optimal. Yakshto spend energy for hvilina to transplant 4 kcal, then the extra charge for hours is divided into trivalovy vidpochinku with optimal vitareg energey to be charged for such a formula:

De - the value of the increase in the hour per patient,%;

- zagalnі vitrati енергії for one хвилну, ккал / хв.

One method is to set the hour for admission on the basis of the hour of entry into the field of functions before the vineyard.

Застосування цього методу ускладнюється тим, що різні functції poverayutsya to the vihіdnogo рівня multiple times. To that deed authorize propohuyt vrachovuvati zmіni okremoi fiziologichnogo funktsii. So, in the course of time, the static vitriolic hour for adiposity is calculated for the form:

De N - static vitrival for the first time of robotics, s; K - static vitryval for the rest of the year of robotics, p.

Tse method deshcho obmezheny at svoeemu zastosuvannnyi, oskkilki navryad chi korektno on all types of robiit oriyntuvatisya on one fiziologichnu funktsiyu. Yogo can zastosovuvati for vstanovlenya normi hour on vidpochinok with vikonanni nervovo and phisically napruzheniyah robot.

Naybilsh obruvantovanem see the method vstanovlenya zagalnogo hour on the picture for the showers of the second and the minds of prazi. Doslіzhenni [25] bula has established the presence of a foul hour on the regulation of visual impairments with the second one. In the range of the display of the second, -10: -55 sid. Od. Ця залежність Practical лінійна і опису рівнянням

Tв = -0.58 V,

De tv - hour for adiposity, xv; B - a demonstrator of the second.

Між by showers of minds праці і the second існує залежність, яка описується рівнянням регресії:

De V - a demonstrator of the second, vidn. Od ;;

X - Sumarial display of wits praci, bali.

Vostanovlenya korelyatsії mіzh pokaznikom vtomi umyvami pratsi allowed the rozrobiti simple method viznachennya hour on reglamentovannyi perervi. Він not vimagaye spent on laborious fiziologichnyh doslіdzhen і mozhe використовуватися у виробничих умовах. For this, the leather factor of the minds is corrected for the 1-4 Criteria, and the Potiman bali is written down. Suma vsіh balіv є pokaznikom wit praci.

The hour for admission is calculated for the empirical formula

Tв = 1,14х - 7,85,

De x - sumarniy display of wits praci, bali.

Criteria for the determination of the basal area of ​​the skin factor of the minds are shown in Table. 13.3.

Table 13.3

Критерії бальної оцінки умов праці

At the hour on the boards, in all types of robots, the hour is set for the natural consumption of food in the rozmiri 10 ... 15 хв. For zmіnu.