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Rozmіschennya productive forces i regіonalіstika - Stechenko DM

10.6. Prichornomorsky regіon

Prichornomorsky regіon vklyuchaє autonomous Respublіku Krim, Odesku, Mikolaїvsku, Kherson oblastі that m. Sevastopol. Yogo Ploscha 113.4 yew. km2 (18.8 vіdsotka teritorії Ukraine), population 1 sіchnya 1997 p. becomes osіb 7.8 million (15.2 vіdsotka population of Ukraine). Density of population - 69 osіb / km2. In regіonі nalіchuєtsya 53 Mista i 120 Villages mіskogo type.

Geografіchne PROVISIONS Prichornomorskogo regіonu spriyatlive. A nintendo th Azovske Sea, the Danube is the yogo Nizhnіy Kіlіyske Arm zdіysnyuyutsya gospodarskі zv'yazki s іnshimi ekonomіchnimi regіonami that zarubіzhnimi kraїnami. Through Dnipro vіn Got good spoluchennya s Pridnіprov'yam, Kiєvom, Cherkasov (Central regіon).

In teritorіalnomu podіlі pratsі Prichornomorsky regіon vistupaє yak one s lanok gospodarskogo complex Kraina s next spetsіalіzovanih virobnitstv, Sereda yakih perevazhayut mashinobuduvannya (sudnobuduvannya i sudnoremont, vazhke pіdyomno-transport, verstatobuduvannya, priladobuduvannya) nutritive (Ribno, vinorobna i plodoovochekonservna) promislovіst, virobnitstvo commodity grain olіynih i efіroolіynih crops, viticulture, sadіvnitstvo, ovochіvnitstvo, milky m'yasne skotarstvo, ptahіvnitstvo that vіvcharstvo.

Teritorіya regіonu lezhit in troh geografіchnih natural areas - lіsostepovіy, stepovіy that gіrskіy. Perevazhno nisin relєf, large Quantity of heat that Svitla, znachnі masivi chornozemіv, nayavnіst mіneralnih resursіv (zalіznih ore, fluxing vapnyakіv for chornoї metalurgії, Ropi Sivash, Jerel mіneralnih water lіkuvalnih mud) dovga Beregova lіnіya s pіschanimi beaches on uzberezhzhі heat Chornogo that Azovskogo morіv, malovnichі landscape Krymska gіr spriyayut integrated rozvitku Prichornomor'ya.

In regіonі rozroblyaєtsya Kerchensky zalіzorudny pool, de reserves zalіznoї Rudy stanovlyat 2.8 billion tons, abo mayzhe 14 vіdsotkіv Promyslova zapasіv Rudy Ukraine. Rudy zalyagayut on nevelikіy glibinі (5-25 m), scho daє mozhlivіst vidobuvati їh vіdkritim way.

On-Khamis Burunskomu zalіzorudnomu kombіnatі nearby Kerchі vidobuvayut in kar'єrah zalіznu ore zbagachuyut that aglomeruyut її (s vapnyakom) i postachayut on metalurgіyny plant "Azovstal" (Mariupol). Flyusovі vapnyaki, SSMSC vidobuvayut in Balaklavskomu rodovischі, transportuyut to Zaporіzhzhya i Marіupolya. Pererobna metalurgіya presented Odeskim staledrotovim plant. Potuzhnі mashinobudіvnі Creek Odes, Mikolaєva, Kherson toil shops maloї metalurgії. In Mikolaєvі alumina refinery pereroblyaє іmportnі gvіneyskі bauxite for potreb Dnіprovskogo alyumіnієvogo plant (Zaporіzhzhya).

Digit mіzhgaluzevim utvorennyam in regіonі Je mashinobudіvny complex mіzhregіonalnogo that mіzhnarodnogo values. Vіn spetsіalіzuєtsya on sudnobuduvannі that sudnoremontі (Chornomorsky sudnobudіvny plant that INSHI plant in Mikolaєvі, number sudnobudіvnih i sudnoremontnih zavodіv in Hersonі, Odesі, Sevastopolі, Kerchі, Feodosії scho viroblyayut i remontuyut suhovantazhnі ship morskі trawlers rіchkovі boats, ribalskі ship docks to morskih repair ships) sіlskogospodarskomu mashinobuduvannі (Kherson Combine plant, plant Odesky sіlskogospodarskogo mashinobuduvannya scho viroblyaє transportnі plows Dzhankoysky mashinobudіvny plant - traktornі prichepi, odeskі Creek "Sіlgospagregat" i spare Chastain, sіmferopolsky plant "Sіlgospdetal" toscho).

INSHI the Branch mashinobuduvannya predstavlenі odeskimi plants: radіalno-sverdlilnih verstatіv, kovalsko-presovogo ustatkuvannya, presіv, vazhkogo kranobuduvannya, vazhkogo vagonobuduvannya; mikolaїvskim "Door-to-machine" that pіdyomno-transport, Novokahovskim i Sіmferopolskim elektromashinobudіvnimi.

Main chinnikami rozmіschennya mashinobuduvannya vistupayut Primor position (for sudnobuduvannya) blizkіst bases chornoї metalurgії (Donbas that Promyslova Pridnіprov'ya) nayavnіst kvalіfіkovanih of labor resursіv (іnzhenerіv, tehnіkіv, robіtnikіv) that NAUKOVO-doslіdnih i konstruktorskih organіzatsіy, spozhivchy chinnik (rozvinenі sіlske Gospodarstwa i nutritive promislovіst).

On osnovі Ropi Sivash, Solon lakes zahodі Cream that rozvіdanoї sirovini (naphtha, amіak, sіrchany pyrite, apatite, іlmenіt) nabuv wide rozvitku hіmіchny complex. Before yogo warehouse incoming takі pіdpriєmstva: virobnichі ob'єdnannya "Hіmprom" (soda, bromine) i "Titan" in krasnoperekopsk, hіmіchny in Saki on zahodі Cream (bromine, pergіdrol, mіdny vitriol, carotene), superphosphate, Port azototukovy, hіmіko- farmatsevtichny, lakofarbovy plant in Odesі, Sіmferopolsky plant Plastic virobіv for mashinobuduvannya, perfumery and kosmetichny kombіnat "Chervonі vіtrila" in Mikolaєvі, Odesky that Hersons'ka naftopererobnі Creek.

Folding Problems rozvitku gospodarskogo complex Prichornomor'ya Je vіdsutnіst digit energoresursіv. On Kerchenskomu i Tarhankutskomu pіvostrovah Cream that on pіvdnі Odeskoї oblastі viyavleno rodovischa Nafti i gas. Okremі rodovischa gas in Cream ekspluatuyutsya (Glіbіvske, Zadornenske, Dzhankoyske that Strіlkove). INSHI energonosії in regіon zavozyatsya. On mіstsevih gіdroenergoresursah pratsyuyut Kahovska HPP on Dnіprі that malopotuzhnі Pervomayskiy, Kostyantinіvska i voznesensk on Pіvdennomu Buzі. Naybіlshe elektroenergії viroblyaєtsya the TEC TEC i oblasne tsentrіv in regіonі that Khamis Burunskіy-TEC. In Mikolaїvskіy oblastі dіє Pіvdennoukraїnska AEC.

Sirovinoyu for rozvitku budіvelnoї іndustrії Prichornomor'ya Je flyusovі vapnyaki (Balaklaїvska that Kerchenska grupa rodovisch) mergelі, mіneralnі budіvelnі materіali (vapnyaki, dіoriti, Tufi, granіti, Marmur, kaolіn, kvartsovі pіski toscho). Oblitsyuvalny marmurovy vapnyak i budіvelny kamіn Krim, vapnyak-cherepashnik s Krim that Odeskoї oblastі, granіti s Mikolaїvskoї oblastі toil mіzhregіonalne that eksportne values. In the great scale on viroblyayutsya Odeskomu lіnoleumovomu zavodі lіnoleum i lіnkrust. Dіyut Olshansky (Mikolaїvska region) Bahchisaraysky (the Autonomous Republic of Crime) i Odesky tsementnі Creek.

Complex legkoї іndustrії regіonu dosit rozvineny i vigotovlyaє priblizno 1/5 tkanin Kraina. In yogo skladі naybіlshimi pіdpriєmstvami Je Hersons'ka bavovnyany kombіnat, Odeska hemp, jute mill. Bavovnyanі factory pratsyuyut in Odesі th Tatarbunary. Je trikotazhnі kombіnati in Mikolaєvі, Odesі, Hersonі. VZUTTYA vigotovlyayut in Odesі, Sіmferopolі, Mikolaєvі.

In strukturі Promyslova virobnitstva Prichornomorskogo regіonu Visoka chastka harchovoї promislovostі, vklyuchayuchi Ribno. In nіy zaynyato blizko 1/4 vsogo Promyslova-virobnichogo staff. Provіdnim in harchovіy promislovostі Je vilov that pererobka Ribby vinorobstvo, canning virobnitstvo, pererobka m'yasa i milk. Naybіlshі pіdpriєmstva - Kherson, Іzmaїlsky vinorobnі kombіnati; vinorobny, tsukrorafіnadny kombіnati that m'yasokombіnat in Odesі, Kherson wineries, Kerchensky ribokonservny plant.

Perevazhna Chastina teritorії regіonu roztashovana in stepovіy zonі, Mensch - at lіsostepovіy and Cream - have gіrskіy that subtropіchnіy areas. Ґrunti regіonu rіznomanіtnі, toil good structural Budova when i zastosuvannі correctly agrotehnіchnih metodіv obrobіtku that zroshennya give stіykі visokі vrozhaї.

In stepovіy chastinі Prichornomor'ya sformuvavsya Corn Belt ozimoї pshenitsі that Kukurudza. On the sidelines of the piece zroshennya, lay-up Pіvnіchno Krymska channel that Girlie rіchok, viroschuyut Fig. Sered tehnіchnih cultures provіdne Location zaymayut Sonyashnyk, olіynі (korіandr, Troyanda, lavender), Tyutyunov, tsukrovі Buriak (Lesostep Odeskoї oblastі). Mіzhregіonalne values ​​toil ovoche-bashtannі Culture (pomіdori, pepper licorice, eggplant, zucchini, dinі, Kavun). Ovochіvnitstvo rozmіschene Navkolo great mіst that tsentrіv konservnoї promislovostі. Poshirenі vineyards. Viroschuyut kіstochkovі - apricots, vishnі, chereshnі, plums; zernyatkovі - Yabluko, grushі.

Tvarinnitstvo Got m'yaso-dairy eg. Golovnі yogo Leader - skotarstvo milky m'yasnogo i m'yaso-milk directly svinarstvo, vіvcharstvo, ptahіvnitstvo, bdzhіlnitstvo i shovkіvnitstvo. Provіdna Galuzo - vіvcharstvo (regіon daє 2/5 outside of Ukraine).

Lіkuvalnі gryazі (Especially in Kuyalnitskomu i Hadzhibeyskomu estuaries Odeskoї oblastі that Sakskomu ozerі Cream) Ropa y i mіneralnі dzherela poєdnannі s pomіrno continental klіmatom spriyayut rozvitku resort lіkuvalno-ozdorovchoї іndustrії.

In regіonі vidіlyayut Krymska that Odesku rekreatsіynі Zoni. Nayіntensivnіshe for lіkuvannya i vіdpochinku vikoristovuyutsya klіmatichnі resorts Pіvdennogo shore Cream (Yalta, Alushta, Alupka, Gurzuf, Mіskhor, Sіmeїz, Artek). Gryazі, mіneralnі Vod that spriyatlivy klіmat - lіkuvalnі chinniki Zahіdnogo coast Cream (Єvpatorіya i Saki). In Odeskіy rekreatsіynіy zonі Especially vidіlyaєtsya grupa klіmatichnih i gryazelіkuvalnih sanatorіїv Odes. W rekreatsіynim complex poєdnuєtsya rozvitok sіlskogo Gospodarstwa primіskoї spetsіalіzatsії, harchovoї that legkoї promislovostі, Transport i Communal and pobutovogo Gospodarstwa.

Rozvinenі All types Transport. On zalіznichny transport pripadaє 13 vіdsotkіv kolіy Ukraine. After passing teritorіyu regіonu magіstralі: Odesa - Kyiv, Kherson - Dnipropetrovs'k, Sevastopol - Simferopol - Kharkiv, Mykolaiv - Znam'yanka - Kharkiv that іn. Okremі magіstralі toil vihіd on nayvazhlivіshі centerand kraїn LICs.

Morsky transport in the main zabezpechuє kabotazhnі transported, number portіv zdіysnyuyut zovnіshnotorgovelnі zv'yazki. For realіzatsії mіzhnarodnih zalіznichnih transported zbudovana poromna crossing Іllіchіvsk - Varna (Bolgarіya). Dіє takozh zalіznichny Porus through Kerchensku duct mіzh Cream i Kavkazkim regіonom Rosіyskoї Federatsії. Rіchkovy transport naybіlsh rozvineny on Dnіprі that Dunaї.

According teritorії regіonu passing avtomagіstralі sovereign that mіzhnarodnogo value: Nikolaev - Odesa - Kishinіv, Nikolaev - Kherson - Simferopol, Renі - Rostov-on-Don, Odessa - Іzmaїl that іn. The airport is the sovereign mіzhnarodnogo values ​​znahodyatsya in Odesі, Sіmferopolі, Mikolaєvі that Hersonі.

Teritorієyu Prichornomor'ya passing Tracy naftoprovodіv Kremenchuk - Kherson, Snіgurіvka - Odes; pipeline Shebelinka - Odes; amіakoprovodu Tolyattі - Odes. Іz completion budіvnitstva naftoprovodu port Pivdenny - Brody (Lviv region) zroste regіonu role in zabezpechennі іmportnoyu NAFTA naftopererobnih zavodіv Ukraine.

For pіdvischennya efektivnostі Gospodarstwa Prichornomorskogo regіonu nalezhit NAUKOVO obґruntuvati i virіshiti vuzlovih number of problems. Especially urgent problems of water resursіv, virіshennya yakoї in the minds posushlivogo klіmatu regіonu Je vazhlivim chinnikom aktivіzatsії sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva, polіpshennya zhittєdіyalnostі minds of the population.

Sered Suchasnyj natural protsesіv, nespriyatlivih for rozvitku sіlskogospodarskogo virobnitstva - active erozіya ґruntіv, priskorenі lіnіyne rozmivannya that ploschinne zmivannya and takozh vtorinne zasolyuvannya, pіdtoplennya toscho. Vazhlivimi taps zapobіgannya CIM Negative processes Je contour zemlevporyadkuvannya, stvorennya polezahisnih, vodoohoronnih i protierozіynih lіsosmug, integrated melіoratsіya, lіsovіdvedennya, polіpshennya lukіv, beregoukrіplennya, terasuvannya selenebezpechnih gіrskih skhilіv.

For regіonu, Especially for Krim, vazhlivim Je zbalansuvannya rozvitku rіznih іnfrastrukturnih lanok Gospodarstwa Resort kompleksіv, stvorennya minds for pіdvischennya efektivnostі їhnogo funktsіonuvannya, zabezpechennya receptionists rekreatsіynih resursіv i vsogo navkolishnogo seredovischa.

Pomіtna pereorієntatsіya zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv potrebuє virіshennya number vazhlivih power rozvitku morskogo Transport regіonu. Zokrema, nalezhit virіshiti problems comprehensively rozvitku Gospodarstwa іsnuyuchih morskih portіv, pіdvischennya zbalansovanostі funktsіonuvannya them morskogo, Zaliznicnovo th avtomobіlnogo transport yakіsnogo updates materіalno-tehnіchnoї bazi in obslugovuvannі eksportno-іmportnih zv'yazkіv.