Basics of polіtologії - Bregeda AY

3. Problems that formuvannya funktsіonuvannya Vlady Ukraїnі

Polіtichna system scho ninі formuєtsya in Ukraїnі, deprivation todі camp stabіlnoyu th efektivnosti, if bude zdatnoyu low rozv'yazati problems scho s their Central Location nalezhit organіzatsії suspіlnogo Zhittya that Vladi for democracy ambushes.

W padіnnyam totalіtarnogo regime that rozpadom CPCP in Ukraїnі, yak i in іnshih kraїnah LICs, rozpochavsya dosit trivaly perіod democratic reformuvannya suspіlstva, headache warehouses yakogo Je perehіd to rinkovoї Economy, Formation Gromadyanska suspіlstva that pravovoї powers, formuvannya bagatopartіynoї polіtichnoї system.

PERSPECTIVE rozvitku demokratії in Ukraїnі she Formation derzhavnostі bagato in chomu stale od pogodzhennya іnteresіv rіznih verstv population Kraina. For tsogo Koncha potrіbno, dwellers samі tsі Interests ob'єktivno could Buti pogodzhenі. For Rann kapіtalіzmu, napriklad such peredumov not іsnuvalo. Suspіlstvo rozdiralosya antagonіstichnimi superechnostyami have nomu domіnuvala konfrontatsіyna polіtichna culture. Navіt demokratіya todі harakterizuvalasya yak demokratіya for strongly.

In suspіlstvah pіznogo kapіtalіzmu that postkapіtalіzmu pіslya trivaloї іstorichnoї evolyutsії vinikli ob'єktivnі peredumovi for pogodzhennya ranіshe unreconciled іnteresіv, appeared to demokratichnoї culture of consensus. In tsіy yakіsno novіy sotsіalno-polіtichnіy situatsії z'yavilasya mozhlivіst transition od totalіtarnih rezhimіv to demokratії through dosyagnennya sotsіalnoї Zgoda for peaceful minds polіtichnogo processes.

In Ukraїnі schodo tsogo encampment Je Nadzvychaina sytuatsia folding. Protyagom digit perіodu іstorichnogo rozvitku pid vplivom vnutrіshnіh that zovnіshnіh minds here sklalasya konfrontatsіyna polіtichna culture, yak th ninі digit mіroyu pritamanna ukraїnskomu suspіlstvu. Konfrontatsіya that neterpimіst postіyno vіdtvoryuyutsya in rіznih gіlkah i rіvnyah Vladi that suspіlstva. Yak svіdchit dosvіd ostannіh rokіv, such practice is not stvoryuє prospects for funktsіonuvannya demokratії and against Pokey scho in Nashomu suspіlstvі brakuє obviously Find our transition od logіki konfrontatsіynogo protistoyannya to logіki pogodzhennya, kompromіsu mіzh іnteresami polarity.

Skladnіst situatsії polyagaє in fact scho in posttotalіtarnomu suspіlstvі, yak tіlki target-but in Ukraїnі, novі polіtichnі Sealy, scho priyshli to Vladi, toil cope s podіlenim suspіlstvom. For rіznih minds spіvvіdnoshennya mіzh Chastain population, scho pіdtrimuє nova system, i tієyu Chastain, scho tyazhіє to have passed, Mauger Buti rіznim. Vіdtak іsnuє duzhe seryozna nebezpeka for Democratic Forces, more Je deprivation are two ways podolati іsnuyuchі superechnostі: abo articles on Way nasilnitskogo strangled tієї Chastain population scho not zgodna Zi zmіnami, abo Know Method spіvіsnuvannya of minds "sistemnoї Zgoda" - dobrovіlno pogoditisya on funktsіonuvannya in suspіlstvі more democratic rules of procedures i supernitstva rіznih іnteresіv at the Branch polіtiki.

Yak perekonlivo svіdchit іstorichna practice, Vlad, scho so potrіbna in Ukraїnі, Got Booty stronger Abi zabezpechiti in suspіlstvі "System Zgoda". A schodo vsogo іnshogo, the nashіy derzhavі povinnі dіyati zvichaynі demokratichnі structure is the іnstituti. Nayavnі ninі in nashіy kraїnі superechnostі perehіdnogo perіodu that pov'yazana s CIM nestabіlnіst suspіlnoї situatsії poznachayutsya on harakterі th dіyalnostі polіtichnoї Vlady, yak vimushena balansuvati mіzh rіznimi polіtichnimi forces ruhami minutes. Dwellers efektivnosti funktsіonuvati, Vlad Got vmіti bachiti polіtichnі realії, tverezo otsіnyuvati situatsіyu, gnuchko perehoditi od rіshuchih Act reasonably to spokіynih forms budennoї Robot i navpaki, umіti zakrіpiti otrimanі result, dwellers svoєchasno rozpochati Novi Etap reforms. Vladnі structuring tіlki todі efektivnosti dіyatimut, if at svoї polіtichnі prog zmozhut uvіbrati all rіznomanіtnіst іnteresіv suspіlstva, podolati ruynіvnu konfrontatsіynіst i stvoriti atmosphere for constructive dіalogu that Zgoda rіznih suspіlnih forces.

For Suchasnyj minds postaє Nadzvychaina sytuatsia folding in theoreticity vіdnoshennі that the practical power: yaky type polіtichnoї Vladi neobhіdny Ukraїnі, dwellers Vivest її s glibokoї suspіlnoї Creasy? W one side, zdaval used for tsogo Koncha potrіbna mobіlіzatsіyna Vladi system for bo vihodu s gostroї krizovoї situatsії neobhіdna tsіlespryamovana kontsentratsіya zusil usogo suspіlstva. W іnshogo - at suspіlnіy svіdomostі sklalosya stіyke uyavlennya about neefektivnіst mobіlіzatsіynoї Sistemi totalіtarnogo nature, scho ranіshe іsnuvala. Її Povny collapse, yak dovіv rozvitok podіy in kolishnomu CPCP іnshih so that the title of sotsіalіstichnih kraїnah, gliboko skomprometuvav at People Masach itself іdeyu suspіlnoї mobіlіzatsії. Otzhe, skladnіst problemi polyagaє in fact dwellers know neobhіdne for konkretnoї polіtichnoї situatsії optimally spіvvіdnoshennya mobіlіzatsіynih zusil Vladi i democratic form organіzatsії suspіlstva that organіchnogo zv'yazku mіzh them SSMSC robili b nemozhlivim bezkontrolnіst osіb that organіv, scho in їhnіh zoseredzheno hands possess. Same Way Taqiy vibrat predstavniki derzhavnoї Vladi nashoї respublіki, if pіdpisali konstitutsіyny dogovіr mіzh Supreme Radoyu is the President. Tsey dogovіr pomіtno polіpshiv polіtichnu situatsіyu in Ukraїnі, spriyav zoseredzhennyu zusil usіh gіlok Vladi not konfrontatsії, and produktivnіy robotі on efektivnosti vikonannі svoїh funktsіy.

Structurally processes vzaєmodії rіznih gіlok Vladi znayshov logіchne completion in pіdgotovtsі that priynyattі Konstitutsії Ukraine. Yak zaznachiv in svoїy Reports of the President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma on urochistih Zborov s nagodi 5 ¯ rіchnitsі Nezalezhnosti Ukraine

23 serpnya 1996 p of acceptance novoї Konstitutsії Got Nadzvychaina sytuatsia great significance:. "As au-Perche, yak garantії Nezalezhnosti, znaryaddya spravdі reformatorskoї Rozbudova powers. Alternatively, yak suspіlnogo contract, scho stvoryuє printsipovo novі lie in wait for that have been approved in stabіlnostі kraїnі, moral and psihologіchnoї єdnostі people pіdnesennya yogo duhovnostі. In tretє, yak mehanіzmu konstruktivnoї vzaєmodії usіh gіlok Vlady іnteresah vsebіchnogo rozvitku i zmіtsnennya Ukraine. In the fourth, yak fundamental legal control, power zavdyachuyuchi Money Does that suspіlstvo perestayut Buti fallow od svіtoglyadu polіtichnih dіyachіv. In p'yate, yak zasobu have been approved, Ukraine svіtі, stvorennya spriyatlivogo іnvestitsіynogo klіmatu for vsogo nashogo gospodarskogo complex "[9].

Yak svіdchit svіtovy іstorichny dosvіd and takozh practice zdіysnennya democratically peretvoren in Ukraїnі, Way to Rozbudova derzhavnostі i pov'yazanogo s CIM efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya Vladi Duzhe folding, i on nomu suspіlstvo guilty obminuti bagato nebezpechnih mіsts. deyakі h vzhe sogodnі pomіtnі them.

Odnієyu s such nebezpek Je nadmіrna kontsentratsіya Vladi hands Pevnyi osіb chi okremih іnstitutsіy. Over the minds of the weakening ninіshnogo vladnih structures zdaєtsya on Purshia look, scho pіdnyati rіven efektivnostі Vladi possible, zoseredivshi її hands organіv osіb abo, abo nadіlenih Especially navіt Nadzvychaina sytuatsia povnovazhennyami. Arguments on korist tsogo Je perekonlivimi: Vlad dwellers dіyala Shvydko th rіshuche requiring zvіlniti її od trivalih that emotsіynih diskusіy in predstavnitskih bodies demokratії, od numerical pogodzhen, scho shaping can zmenshuvati dіyovіst that poslіdovnіst reformatorskogo rate. Suspіlna practice th spravdі svіdchit, scho are democratic processes pov'yazany s deyakimi vtratami efektivnostі upravlіnnya, more potrebuє zusil i hour for viyavlennya that oblіku rіznih іnteresіv i dumok. Tsі vtrati Especially velikі ninі in ukraїnskomu suspіlstvі, yak is staying in Pochatkova perіodі formuvannya demokratії. Ale rozvitok podіy in Ukraїnі that іnshih posttotalіtarnih suspіlstvah perekonlivo svіdchit takozh, scho for democratic rozvitku neobhіdna not kontsentratsіya Vladi and її chіtky rozpodіl that sumlіnne vіdpratsyuvannya mehanіzmіv i democratic procedures of acceptance rіshen that їh vikonannya. Without tsogo zavzhdi zalishatimetsya mozhlivіst vіdnovlennya undemocratic, authoritarian that restavratsіynih protsesіv.

Іnsha nebezpeka - elіtarny avant-garde. Before yogo poshirennya Mauger prizvesti dosit widely kultivovana in suspіlstvі thesis about those scho people Movlyav, are not willing to demokratії. On praktitsі oznachaє Tse, scho elіta obranih, yak Knows, "scho treba ROBIT" guilty "oschasliviti" people uzyavshi on his entire povnotu Vladi that ocholivshi demokratichnі zmіni in suspіlstvі. Such situatsіya tsіlkom vіdpovіdaє dosit poshirenіy in kolah radikalnoї іntelіgentsії іdeї, yak bazuєtsya on absolyutizatsії in polіtitsі rolі svіdomoї menshostі. Taqiy elіtarno-avangardistsky snobіzm not Mauger Buti not antidemocratic for svoїm zmіstom. Yak svіdchit polіtichna practice, people nіkoli not bude prepares to demokratії, Yakscho yogo usunuto od "velikoї polіtiki" and pravlyacha elіta, postіyno natraplyayuchi on nerozumіnnya people її program that іdey, neminuche early chi pіzno Turn od demokratichnoї rhetoric to authoritarianism.

Іnshim varіantom tієї Well nebezpeki elіtarnogo avant-garde Je dosit wider ninі іdeya Bazhanov vihodu demokratіv іz vladnih structures opozitsіyu. Yak i in Persha vipadku in osnovі tsogo varіanta rozvitku lezhit that very thesis about negotovnіst people to spriynyattya program i planіv demokratіv. Pribіchniki such pіdhodu zayavlyayut scho let them, Movlyav, reform zdіysnyuyut starі Kadri zvichnimi for them that people zrozumіlimi methods, and democracy, ochіkuyuchi Svoge hour, take critic that osvіchennyam population. Taqiy zaklik Je perekonlivim svіdchennyam slabkostі deyakih verstv ukraїnskoї demokratії - rozgublenostі Pevnyi її predstavnikіv to scale that skladnіstyu zavdan scho Postal suspіlstvom before. Tsіlkom zrozumіlo scho zaklik to vihodu in opozitsіyu - tse not scho Lots Other, yak sproba Know іdeologіchne vipravdannya for quiet, who Hvilya demokratії vipadkovo vinesla Highlands i hto teper zlyakavsya trudnoschіv. Slіd mother on uvazі scho deprivation are not people, and the first avant-garde elіta nіkoli not bude ready to demokratії, Yakscho in neї not vistachit terpіnnya th Volya pass Suvorov praktichnoї uchastі school polіtichnomu zhittі suspіlstva.

Sche one nebezpeka for efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya Vladi - tse antiderzhavny anarcho-lіberalіzm. Over the minds rozpadu totalіtarnoї derzhavnostі dosit poshirenimi in suspіlstvі stayut namagannya vipravdati that priskoriti Tsey processes pid Prapor lіberalnogo reformіzmu. Pribіchniki tsієї polіtichnoї techії vvazhayut, scho treba s powers povnіstyu znyati funktsії regulyuvannya suspіlnogo Zhittya. A predstavniki naybіlsh radical directly lіberalnogo reformіzmu navіt proponuyut tsіlkom vіdmovitisya od sovereign regulyuvannya i Articles on the Way rinkovih mehanіzmіv samoregulyuvannya. For "solіdnostі" lіberalno-anarhіstskі іdeї pіdkrіplyuyutsya posilannyami the authority lіberalnoї traditsії. Posilannya tsі bezpіdstavnі, more lіberalna traditsіya, pochinayuchi od Thomas Hobbes, John Locke is the Montesk'є, nіkoli not bula antiderzhavnitskoyu. Bіlshe of power rozglyadalasya tsimi that іnshimi predstavnikami klasichnogo lіberalіzmu yak neobhіdny іnstrument realіzatsії lіberalnih tsіnnostey that іdealіv.

Slіd nagolositi Especially, scho in nіde svіtі Absent samoregulyuvannya without vzaєmodії s Reigning regulyuvannyam. And what for ukrajins'koho suspіlstva de tіlki roblyatsya Pershi sketch s formuvannya rinkovih vіdnosin, takі recipes Simple zgubnі. Yak svіdchit our NKVD derzhavnitsky dosvіd, sprobi deyakih predstavnikіv Vladi vіdmovitisya od sovereign regulyuvannya residually could b utyagnuti our suspіlstvo anarhіyu in that chaos.

Je slit one nebezpeka for Rozbudova powers that funktsіonuvannya Ukraїnі Vlady, yak about sogodnі mayzhe nіhto not speak. Kolis Drahomanov pіdkreslyuvav scho bagato polіtikіv, SSMSC pochinali his kar'єru s radical directly navіt i s barikad, Stavan, zreshtoyu, despots pid drive poryatunku "єdinoї power", yak bula neobhіdna on їhnyu Dumka, for zabezpechennya "Freedom i Progreso od zamahіv separatism "[10]. Tse sounds Especially important sogodnі, if pіslya serpnevih (1991 p.) Is the Zhovtnevyy (1993 p.) Podіy from Russie to polіtichnіy arenі kraїnah in LICs, vklyuchayuchi minutes up Ukraine, z'yavilosya Cima "ryatіvnikіv Vіtchizni".

Movement to suchasnoї demokratії, її printsipіv i forms Ukraїnі vіdbuvaєtsya through Borotba yak at teorії, so i on praktitsі. Superechnіst here polyagaє, headaches rank, in fact, scho zmіnyuєtsya polіtichna system stvoryuyutsya demokratichnі іnstituti and ekonomіchnoї bazi for funktsіonuvannya democratic regime Absent. Demokratichnі zmіni pіdtrimuє bіlshіst people Ale tsya Dovira postupovo vtrachaєtsya, oskіlki Vlad svoєchasno rozv'yazuє not expired for suspіlstva problems. Suspіlstvo for Tsikh minds pochinaє shukati yak "silnoї osobistostі" since i "vinuvattsіv" ekonomіchnih negarazdіv i polіtichnih nevdach. Vіdtak vinikaє polіtichna demagogіya, generous of dealings obіtsyanok, SSMSC nemozhlivo s ob'єktivnih reasons vikonati, ozhivayut starі th vinikayut novі mіfi that utopіchnі іdeї people vtrachayut іnіtsіativu, chekayuchi sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo diva zrostayut mozhlivostі for polіtichnogo adventurism.

Perehіd od totalіtarnogo regime to democratic zavzhdi pov'yazany s nespodіvankami - tse konfrontatsіya mіzh partіyami, Borotba іnteresіv i potreb rіznih verstv population. Creasy nashogo suspіlstva mozhna Bulo b podolati shvidshe th Legshei, Yakscho b funktsіonuvala real legal power, the law is on vikonuvalisya vsіh rіvnyah Vladi. Ale dosvіd perekonuє scho Vlad ni, ni sama right not shaping can Buti vikonannya zakonіv guarantor, if the law does not require that vіdpovіdayut іnteresam usogo people.

Of I all the same, yakoyu b glibokoyu not sit the crisis, scho in our suspіlstvo nіy is staying on the SSMSC b trudnoschі not natraplyala i slit natraplyatime our young demokratіya, pobudova nezalezhnoї demokratichnoї Ukraine - Tse real processes. According au-Perche, realіzuvati TAKE zavdannya vzhe spromoglosya bagato kraїn. So, uspіshno viyshli s crises in pіslyavoєnny perіod Zittau, Yaponіya, Pivdenna Korea that bagato іnshih powers. Їhnіy dosvіd for us Got Nadzvychaina sytuatsia great significance.

In another way, the reforms in the scho provedenі Ukraїnі, Hoch i do not boule radical ale vzhe vіdіgrali that prodovzhuyut vіdіgravati positive role. Main results reformuvannya nashogo suspіlstva polyagaє in fact scho bіlshіst already usvіdomila scho Povernennya ago nemozhlive, scho treba Iti Dali on the high road svіtovoї tsivіlіzatsії. Skazati Treba, scho lіkvіdatsіya vladnih structures kompartії Ukraine pіslya 1991 rock uniquely utrudnyuє Povernennya to Old chasіv partіynogo kerіvnitstva, Hoca that bagatopartіyna system, yak ninі stvoryuєtsya in Ukraїnі, is staying on the cob deprivation rozvitku Svoge.

In tretє, vіdtvorennya th appeared Perche elementіv Gromadyanska suspіlstva pochinayut positive vplivati ​​on zmіni in sotsіalno-klasovіy strukturі and ostannі have their Cherga lead to Change log in formuvannі that funktsіonuvannі vladnih structures i rozvitku polіtichnoї system in tsіlomu. Yak svіdchit іstorichny rozvitok tsivіlіzovanih kraїn, formation Gromadyanska suspіlstva vіdbuvaєtsya smoothly through podolannya bagatoh superechnostey suspіlnogo rozvitku. Not everyone in stanovlennі Gromadyanska suspіlstva bude to vpodobi uryadovі, ale th perevagi such suspіlstva nezaperechnі - rіznodumnіst, vіdkritіst freedom.

Je OAO All pіdstavi stverdzhuvati scho uspіhi in rozbudovі derzhavnostі that rozvitku demokratії in Ukraїnі bagato in chomu zalezhatimut od such chinnikіv, yak formuvannya that spіvvіdnoshennya rіznomanіtnih forms vlasnostі, vzaєmozv'yazok etnіchnogo that sotsіalnogo warehouse population character vіdnosin mіzh polіtichnimi partіyami that ruhami, forms pravlіnnya , іstorichnі that kulturnі traditsії, rіven polіtichnoї aktivnostі that polіtichnoї toscho culture of the population.

Ukraїnі slit required to pass trivaly Way that hard to arrange a democratic, to democratic ambushes funktsіonuvannya vladnih structures. On the high road does not tsomu Mauger Buti zhorstko determіnovanogo prosuvannya to demokratії. Not obov'yazkovo, dwellers of skin the following Etap rozvitku CCB bіlsh democratic, nіzh poperednіy. Rozbalansovanіst ekonomіchnih, sotsіalnih, Gromadyanska that polіtichnih zv'yazkіv in ukraїnskomu suspіlstvі Mauger prizvesti to neperedbachenogo kіntsevogo result protiborstva sotsіalnih forces in the dermal s etapіv. So trivatime Doty, docks Tsey folding processes are not sformuє Gromadyanska suspіlstvo more normal, and Yogo fundamentі not Postan democratic system polіtichna s chіtkim rozpodіlom gіlok Vladi i spіvvіdnoshennyam vladnih funktsіy mіzh center that regіonami.