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Psychological psychology - Maksimenko S.D.
Розділ 3. ROSVITOK PSIHIKI І SVIDOMOSTY
3.1. Виникнення та розвиток психіки
Viknennenya that rozvitok psihiki - one of the founders' nourishment.
Naukove clarified that the pittance was rooted in the fundamentals of the biology and the history of science. At the singing stage, the nature of the zavodyaki vzasmodії mehanichnyh, termichnyh, hіmіchnyh, acoustical and svitlovyh authorities of the motherhood of unorganic materії виникла оргаічна матерія - білкова речовина. In organičnom svіtі vіdіvі vіdobzhennya recruiting new authorities. Yaksho in neorganicheskogo materії zadaniyah process pasivny character, then zhivіy - active, vidminnyuyu risoy yakogo є zdatnist object, sho vіdobrazhuє, reaguvati on vidobrazhuvan. The first manifestations of such a biologic image are the processes of obchinu rechovin - asymmetry and disinflation, and I am encouraged to live with the mother and that I do not need life. Warehouses of molecules, yakis nazivayut coacervates, building reaguvati on vplyvi, povyazyanny with obminom rechovin.
Досягнення сучасної біології й біохімії свідчать, що coacervates reaguyut on впливи, корсні й шкідливі for завоєння речовин і тих момов, за яких вони відбуваються. Індиферентні ж вплипли не викликають реакції. The power of coacervates is called subdivision.
Podrazlivist livestock є podobnoyu vlastvistyu, scho viyavlyaetsya pid hour transition to a nonorganic motherhood to organichnoi. Podrazlivist is typical for the Russian stadia.
At the Student's Studios, life is alive and it's okay to get reagvati not to lose on the briotichnye vplivi, but to enter the process of obchinu rechovin, and on neutral, unbiotic, yakshcho stink signal about the appearance of life-important (biotichnyh) vplyviv. Zdatnist reaguvati on neutral subconscious, yaki signalizuyut about the appearance zhitєєvo vzaimivivih vplyvіv, nazivayut chutlivistyu. Poyva sensitivities, understanding vikinnenya psihiki.
3.2. Розвиток механізмів психічної діяльності
The material substrate of psychosis is the nerve system of the peri-peripheral organ - receptor . Ці механізми психіки є the result of the trivial process of interdependence of living organisms in the middle.
Povedinka - tse svoeridna active, showing zhitttіdіyalnosty zhivih іstot, zavdyaki yakіy stony pristosovuytsya to ototechennya zadovolnyayut its own biologic consumers. Поведінку тварин вивчають фізіологія та психологія. Фізіологія розкриває її фізіологічні та біохімічні механізми та закоірності, а психологія - психологічні.
Yak zaschachalosya, psihichnі reaktsії povyazyany z povovoyu zhivikh organizmіviv chuttivostі, tobto reaktsії na zheleninі, iindiferentnіy for organizmu podraznennya. So takie reactions can be spent in experiential instincts of active viscous species. Experimentally brought, but in fiznozorіy (paramecies), you can wiklikati reaction on the subject for them sub-divisions (svitlo), poednichi ix important for zhitty subbasics (temperature).
Otzhe, vzhe u nayprostіshih є svoerіdnі mehanizmi pristosuvannya to otochennya yak zasib zabezpechennia zhittya. Ці механізми у процесі еволюції попопово під впливом закладнених умы життя переводилися у багатоклітинних оргаізмів on the nerve system and the receptor. Morphological and phisiological features, the form of the function in which to re-adapt to the identity, vzaemozumlyuyutsya.
Механізми регуляції поведінки живих істот та їхня функція філогенетично у процесі пристосувальної діяльності закріписься в оргаззмахі and pass over to falling off generations, zabezpechuychi Ім пристосування до умы життя в їхній онтогенетичній життєдіяльності.
Розрізняють такі основні етапи розвитку нервової системи як механізму поведінки та психічної діяльності: • дифузна; • ganglієva (university and lanciugova); • tubular.
Difuzna, abo sitsko-podobna, nerve system - a whole-element form of nervous system, the power of such a bagatlitinym we live іstotam, yak jellyfish, actinia, morska zirka. With the appearance of the diffusive nervous system, the development of zugbuzhena nabagato priskoyruetsya, reach 0.5 meters per second; On the protivogu tsiomu shvidkіst provіdnostі zbudzhennya on protoplazmi, scho powerfully nayprostіshim, yakі not mazyut nervovoi sistemi, to become more than 1-2 mikroni per second. Priskorennya provіdnostі zbudzhennya with diffuznіy nervovіy sistemі дає живим істотам, яким властива така нервова система, можливість набагато швидше здійснювати пристосувальні реакції. The prosthetic cannabis system of nerves is exchanged for: on the basis of the development of the nervous system, there is a great deal of postnatal headache, a nerve center, a biomechanical medication that will be adhered to in the course of the differentiation of the behavior of the organizer in a vigorous, ganglionic process of nervous system development.
Ganglієva nervova vinikla system through znachne uzladennya minds zhittya. Z'yavilasya demand in the centralized aparaty for opratsyuvannya інформації та регуляції рухів. Such an apparatus became the nerves of higher education, ganglions, yakis, zoseredzhuvati zbudzhennya, and vice versa in the nervous nerves of the nerves of the nerves, and in the rectors of the nerves, on the basis of zabudzhennya. Vuzlova nerve system - the first stage of central nervous system processes; Її mozhna spostterigati in the lower species of hrobak.
Vishim etap nuzhvovoi nervovoi sistemy - Lancugova, if in organizmi vinikayut ob'ednanni in lanczygi vuzli, abo ganglії, sered of some head zosereduzhu zbudzhennya, pereroblyuє їх and regulyu ruhi okremih part organizmu. Vzhe at kilnyh hrobakiv can pomititi dіy ganglієvoї nervovoi sistemi, and nasivshchogo shchlya rozvitku vona reach the rakopodibnih, pavukiv, coma.
Thus, in a weakly cholbac on the front, the head, the nerves of the fibers, the receptors, the sprinkle of the limbs, the terminus, the sowing of the worm, the wicked in the otochenny. Cigar zmіn were sent to the head ganglion and coped with it. Formed by the "program" of the student, she had to grow up in vihlyadі ruhіv in the segments of the tomb of the cholby. Provernosti zbuudzhennya in lancugovіy nervovіy sistemі nabagato vishcha, nizh u difuznіy. Otzhe, head ganglion zdіysnyu regulyuvalnu funktsiyu zhitttdіyalnosti chrobaka. At lancugovі systemі виникієній principle діяльності nervous system - integration of nerves and impulses і centralіzovane kerіvnitsvto zhittyodіyalnіstu organizmu.
On the basis of the development of nervous systems, the receptor is recognized - sprimachi information. Danki porіvnyalnoy anatomіy tі fіzіології свідчать, scho spochatku rozvinulisya kontaknyi organi, and potym - distant, abo teleretseptori (zir, rumor, scent). Зір виник за пвних умов з чутливості оргаізму до світлових (електромагнітних) Subdivision.
Spotchatku chi chutlivist rozsenyvalasya vsyomu organizmu, ali zgdomom vishchih etapah evolyutsії organizmu postupovo zosedredzhuvavsya in front, the head yogo partii. Rumor vinik z vibracіyno chuttivostі. Він розвивається найпізніше, у більшості безхребетних його немає. Nyuhova chutlivist viokremilasya n nedientsitsiovenoi hіmіchny chuttivostі, in a yakiyu ob'ednuvalisya nyuhova ta syakova orієntatsії organіzu in the middle. At bugatooh bezhrebnetnyh smakova that nyuhova chuttivosti nedifertsiovanni. The receptors of this differentiation were rooted in life, at the ruins. Live in life, in some - differentiated receptors, nabagato more securely in the middle, zabezpecchuchi its consumers in їжі, розноженні, уникненні небезпеки.
The komakhs of power do not deprive the rukhov organically of the receptor, but the secretory for the pavutini's virublenia in the pavuks, the crumbling of the nectar from the bdjil, the future of the tuber in the chronicle of the ín.
Live in the ganglionic nerve system before the "learning" and "perevchennya", virobljayuchi in the result of bugatok probr navichiku rihatisya in the given strains in the method of uniqueness of the painful subculture. Хробакові потрібно було понад 150 спроб, Щоб він з меншою кількістю помилок почав рухатися в лабіринті праруч, abi uniknuti elektricnogo podraobnenya, yak dіяло на ього під час руху ліворуч. But schob perevchishis, tobto zmіniti zey "zavcheny" ruch, potrbno boulo ponad 225 produb. Otzhe, ganglіyeva nerve system chrobaka dye zmogu not tilki virobljati novyi form povedinki, but zberigati virokleni naivchki, scho svidchit about nayavnnist doshchovogo khobaka primitive form "pam'yatі".
At the spine, the creature, through the accumulation of the minds of the nerves of the nerves, became a folded system. The process of integration of the central nervous system with the nervous system was manifested in the cerebral spinal nervous system, which is stored in the spinal column and the brain. The head puff was set up in the brain tube, that nerve-wraping system of creatures called tubular. In the process of development of the spine, the creature piled up the minds of the living with the tips of the brainwave and the mozochok, the middle and the lumbago of the brain, and the brain developed, and the functions of the cortex of the great beads of the brain were developed. The bark of great pіvkul ob'єdnuє, інтегрує й регулює all діяльність оргаізму. The viscous wings of the brain were fixed postopovo, і їх the structure of those functions in the ridge hindquarters, the life-longness of some of them to follow the natural minds, not just one. Tvarini, scho stand on a witched prosthesis, waving the best head smear. Pokazovi shchodogo є danni pro spivvodnoshenya rozvitku head and spinal cord in riznih tvarin і mozhni. Yakshcho rostovitok spinal cord take for the odinitsey, then the pythoma of the vagus of the brain stasovno spinal budet such: the turtle - 1, the півня - 1,5, the horse - 2,5, the kishki - 3, the dogs - 5, the chimpanzee - 15, the people - 49 . Zevolyutsіyu tsvarennogo svitu pitoma vagi measles brain brain zbіlshuyutsya, poinachayuchi vіdіgravati provіdnu role.
Doslozhennyami brought, sho ekstirpatsya (znischennya) measles poriznomu poznachaetsya on zorovіy rukhovіy funktsiyakh tvarin, scho stand on the richest stages of biologicheskoe evolyutsii. So, shodo zirovoi funktsii ptah pislya znischennya measles great pivkul prodovzhuyut bachiti, sidayut on nisіchenu mіscevist, shchury not rozriznyayut form, reaguyut lishe na svitlo, mavpa slipne. Shchodo ruhovoy funkії ptahi pislya znischennya measles great pivkul prodovzhuyut lіtati, ruhi they do not bother; At kishki ruhi povnovlyutsya for kіlka godin; A dog for 24 years can stand, or self-destruct ruks; Mavpom can stand more offhanded.
Екстирпація півкуль a brain to the rib does not get acquainted with їх життєдіяльності, in the toads - may not be cognized, in ptahіv - to be acquainted: одужавши, птах починає літати, але не орієнтується в середовищі; Kiska does not attack the Misha Navyat yakshchoo zholodnіє; The dog becomes a іnvalіdom - do not know іzhі, do not vnіznaє the governor, втрачає можливість набирати досвіду.
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