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Logіstika - Kalchenko AG

12.3. TARA TA PACKAGE - ONE W ELEMENTІV LOGІSTIKI

Tara - Especially views Promyslova virobіv, priznacheny for ukladannya i package rіznih materіalnih resursіv. In tarі materіali pred'yavlyayutsya transported to transport organіzatsіyam that zberіgayutsya in nіy at transportuvannі i zberezhennі warehouses.

Main priznachennya Taree

1) garantuvannya proti poshkodzhen od mehanіchnih Act reasonably (udarіv, tryasіnnya, battle), she zabrudnennya psuvannya materіalіv od vplivіv opadіv atmospheric temperature, tobto zberezhennya junction of two physical-hіmіchnih yakostey materіalіv that їh kіlkostі at peremіschennі i skladuvannі;

2) stvorennya vіdpovіdnih minds for vikonannya vantazhno-rozvantazhuvalnih that the agriculture operatsіy on usіh types of transport;

3) zberezhennya zruchnostey at ukladannі that zberezhennі materіalіv warehouses;

4) maintained upstream vikoristannya skladskih ob'єmіv primіschen, vantazhopіdyomnostі the agriculture zasobіv that zbіlshennya їh produktivnostі;

5) polegshennya pratsі minds.

Packaging - zasіb abo complex zasobіv, zabezpechuvanih Zahist produktsії od poshkodzhen, vtrat and zovnіshnє seredovische od zabrudnen. Packing spriyaє ratsіonalnіy organіzatsії processes zberіgannya, realіzatsії that transportuvannya produktsії. Krіm funktsіonalnogo priznachennya packaging Je th Inshyj bіk, Cauterets uniquely blizhche pokuptsyu, i yaky vіn priymaє Yak brand mark. Packing Got pіdtrimuvati rinkovі pozitsії rinkovoї brand. Tom toil values ​​form rozmіri, kolorova gamma konstruktsіya, font, scho vikoristovuєtsya, ekologіchnіst that іn.

On praktitsі vikoristovuyut rіznі Vidi tari is the packaging. Їh mozhna podіliti osnovnі into three groups: a) zovnіshnya containers; b) vnutrіshnya (spozhivcha) abo pervіsna; c) workshops (obіgova) containers.

Zovnіshnya packaging priznachena for transportuvannya abo zberіgannya in protsesі peremіschennya vantazhіv od virobnika to spozhivacha. Before neї vіdnositsya bіlshіst vidіv derev'yanih, metalevih, cardboard, plastic that yaschikіv, flank, barabanіv, plyashok that іn.

Vnutrіshnya have been called to come spozhivcha packaging containers abo s move rozmіschenim in neї commodity in Povny vlasnіst spozhivacha. Before tsogo mind tari vіdnosyatsya rіznі paperovі obgortki, kartonnі boxes, cans, plyashki that іn. In osnovі dіlennya tari on zovnіshnyu that vnutrіshnyu lezhit i taka Ekonomichna acquaint themselves, yak Transferred vartostі tari on vigotovleny product. Vartіst vnutrіshnoї tari s time rozmіschenim in nіy product move to vartіst vigotovlenogo product.

Containers for shops vikoristovuєtsya transportuvannya tovarіv to robochem mіsts delivery i zberezhennya sirovini, napіvfabrikatіv i gotovoї produktsії. Yak shops containers zastosovuyut derev'yanі sutsіlnі i gratchastі boxes metalevі i plastmasovі boxes pіddoni and takozh s gofrovanogo boxes cardboard.

Vihodyachi s kіlkostі obіgіv, kotrі Mauger zdіysnyuvati packaging, on an ad hoc Won podіlyaєtsya that bagatoobіgovu. Pid Razov taroyu rozumіyut Taku container, buyout Mauger obslugovuvati tіlki one Obert product od postachalnika abo virobnika to spozhivacha.

Bagatoobіgova packaging zdіysnyuє dekіlka obіgіv, obslugovuyuchi processes prosuvannya tovarіv od virobnika to spozhivacha, that nalezhit Povernennya postachalniku product abo tarozberіgayuchim organіzatsіyam vіdpovіdno to dіyuchih domovlenostey. Before neї vіdnosyat bіlshіst vidіv derev'yanoї tari (boxes, barrels, drums), tekstilnoї tari (mіshki), tari s polіmernih materіalіv (boxes, barrels).

Ninі widely vikoristovuyut rozbіrnu packaging scho skladaєtsya that rozbіrno-skladalnu. Such containers zaymaє little Georeferencing in triptych abo rozbіrnomu viglyadі i to Ekonomichna when transported. Rozrіznyayut tovarobezlikovu that spetsіalіzovanu container. Tovarobezlikova containers not Got spetsifіchnih yakostey Especially that i Mauger Buti vikoristana pіslya її zvіlnennya od some materіalіv for іnshih. Spetsіalіzovana vikoristovuєtsya tіlki for pakuvannya that transportuvannya Pevnyi materіalіv.

Find our Vazhlivoyu Je tari її tverdіst. Rozrіznyayut solid, napіvtverdu that m'yaku.

Naybіlsh efektivnosti views Je tari containers that package. Container - tse rіznovid bagatoobіgovoї tari, ground transportation єmnіst, KOTRA perevantazhuєtsya for Relief pіdyomno-transport zasobіv. Vіn priznacheny transported to rіznih vidіv vantazhіv. Widi konteynerіv rіznomanіtnі, naybіlsh poshirenі - metalevі that derev'yanі vantazhopіdyomnіstyu 3-5 m Zvazhayuchi on vantazhopіdyomnіst container podіlyayutsya on malotonnazhnі, serednotonnazhnі i bagatotonnazhnі.. For bіlsh efektivnosti vikoristannya konteynerіv Bajan in the transport organіzatsіyah that have poserednikіv stvoryuvati obmіnnі paragraph that konteynernі site, kotrі dozvolyayut zdіysnyuvati Shvidky zmіnu konteynerіv. On pіddonah, yak usually formuyut package. Pіddon Got viglyad vantazhnoї site EYAD s abo one layer on nіzhkah. Ekspluatuyutsya infections rіznі Vidi pіddonіv (plaskі, stoєchnі, yaschichnі). OOO All stink yavlyayutsya him dopomіzhne obladnannya for ukladannya them boxed vantazhіv. Naybіlsh poshirenі plaskі pіddoni in viglyadі rіvnoї pryamokutnoї site. Pong shaping can Buti dvoh- that chotirohstіnnі, Realized s wood, metal music that is synthetic materіalіv.

Stoєchnі pіddoni on vіdmіnu od Plaska toil slim nadbudovu viglyadі chotiroh in the stands vertically, rozmіschenih on kutah pіddonu that poєdnanih mіzh themselves firmly zv'yazkami.

Yaschichnі pіddoni on vіdmіnu od stoєchnih toil nazemnі abo nenazemnі nevisokі stіnki, vstanovlenі mіzh vertical racks.

Vibіr type pіddonu for paketuvannya i transported Vantage viznachaєtsya minds transported, overlooking materіalu, partіynіstyu, obladnannyam skladskogo Gospodarstwa that nayavnіstyu vіdpovіdnih vantazhno-rozvantazhuvalnih mehanіzmіv.

Vikoristannya konteynerіv that pіddonіv when transported spriyaє maintained upstream zberezhennyu vantazhіv, pіdvischennyu obіgu the agriculture zasobіv, skorochennyu termіnіv transported vantazhіv, znizhennyu vitrat at perevezennі for rakhunok mehanіzatsії vantazhno-rozvantazhuvalnih operatsіy. Maintained upstream vikoristannya skladskih Area wide range of characteristics, kotrі neobhіdno vrahovuvati at vikoristannі tari that packaging daє zmogu zrobiti visnovok scho stink Yea dostatno vazhlivim Elements logіstichnoї system Cauterets viznachaє efektivnіst, yak samoї system so i rezultativnіst spriymannya spozhivachem product. Tse digit mіroyu viznachaє method character ob'єm that іntensivnіst product sale.

Osnovnі vimogi to packaging stale od vrahuvannya potreb market analysis, mozhlivostі unіfіkatsії ekologіchnoї BEZPEKA, vrahuvannya klіmatichnih Especially that іn. Krіm tsogo, vazhlivimi vimogami Je pristosuvannya to vikoristannya zasobіv mehanіzatsії at transportuvannі, porіvnyannіst vitrat, design is the shape of the packaging, transport porіvnyannіst s zasobami, zberezhennya at transportuvannі, mozhlivіst re vikoristannya.

Structure virobnitstva spozhivannya tari i is the packaging in nashіy kraїnі svіdchat yak about vazhlive Location in danіy sferі logіstiki so i about neobhіdnіst pereglyadu representations to Taree is the packaging.

Rozrahunok require that at tarі taropakuvalnih materіalah zdіysnyuєtsya vіddіlom zbutu pіdpriєmstva. Tsey rozrahunok vikonuєtsya on osnovі virobnichoї prog pіdpriєmstva, kіlkostі that nomenclature produktsії, KOTRA viroblena bude, i norms vitrat Tarn that pakuvalnih materіalіv on odinitsyu tari.

Fig. 72. Klasifіkatsіya tari

Require in tarі viznachaєtsya okremo od Tari, Cauterets otrimuyut Zi viglyadі side at the ready, she tari, viroblenoї on mіstsі (pіdpriєmstvі, poserednikom). Koli container otrimuyut Zi side at the ready viglyadі need її viznachaєtsya of the formula:

.

de Q, etc. - Quantity produktsії, Cauterets potrіbno zatariti kg;

n - Quantity produktsії scho ukladaєtsya in odinitsyu tari kg.

Koli packaging viroblyaєtsya on mіstsі need in Tarn that pakuvalnih materіalah rozrahovuєtsya such rank:

de k - koefіtsієnt, vrahovuyuchy bagatorazovy obіg tari;

q n - norm vitrat Tarn that pakuvalnih materіalіv on odinitsyu tari.

Norma vitrat materіalіv on virobnitstvo odinitsі tari deposits od tehnologії virobnitstva, mean that the variety sirovi-

nor rozmіrіv, konstruktsії vigotovlenoї tari (yak Tse shown in Fig. 72).