home Economy books Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya - Dahno І.І.

Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya - Dahno І.І.

11.3. Mіzhnarodnі auctions

The "Big Encyclopedic Dictionary" (.., 1998, 181) imposed TAKE tlumachennya termіna ''s auction "''s auction (od lat aictіo - sales s publіchnih torgіv.) Sposіb sale tovarіv for yakogo goods (abo yogo zrazki) poperedno vistavlyayutsya to look around. We formі auktsіonu prodayutsya takozh neruhomіst, zdіysnyuєtsya primusovy

Sales lane neplatospromozhnih borzhnikіv that іn. Zvichayno on auktsіonі vstanovlyuєtsya Homepage Cena ".

The "Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia" tse yavische poyasnyuєtsya so (1998 p, 98..): "Trades (sale), zvichayno publіchnі on yakih virobi (articles) abo thinness (live stock) prodayutsya pokuptsevі scho zaproponuvav nayvischu tsіnu (to the highest bidder). Seller Mauger vstanovlyuvatisya spare Cena (reserve price), nizhche yakoї goods Mauger prodavatsya. Express Yourself Mistetstvo (works of art), antique (antiquities), budinki (houses), Flea mіzhnarodnogo market analysis (commodities) that іnozemna currency ( foreing currencies) mozhut prodavatsya on auktsіonі ".

On mіzhnarodnih auktsіonah torguyut partіyami tovarіv that / abo okremimi objects. Naychastіshe them realіzuyut hutro, outside, Tyutyunov, tea, horses, antique, dіamanti toscho.

Vіdomі takі osnovnі Vidi auktsіonіv:

o monetary, ob'єkt yakogo - obov'yazkovі valyutnі vіdrahuvannya scho toil chi Mali Location in Pevnyi kraїnah;

o the promissory note on Money Does vіdbuvaєtsya rozprodazh korotkostrokovih kaznacheyskih Bills;

o grupovogo on Money Does nakopichuyutsya of order, and one or two potіm Razi protyagom day "vikidayutsya" to torgovelnoї Zali, de prodayutsya pid control upovnovazhenogo broker abo pratsіvnika fіrmi). Tsey's auction slit Got titles volley;

o podvіyny - trades, de mіzh him konkuruyut prodavtsі yak, so i Username Lost Password, Rate vstanovlyuєtsya vnaslіdok rіvnovagi popitu i Offers, if Quantity prodavtsіv at tsіnі scho sklalasya on auktsіonі, dorіvnyuє kіlkostі pokuptsіv;

o Closed-on Money Does OAO All Username Lost Password proponuyut tsіni odnochasno (yak usually pismovo), goods kupuє that іz them hto zaproponuvav nayvischu tsіnu;

o gold, ob'єktom sale yakogo Je gold;

o anglіysky (klasichny) on Money Does prodaєtsya pokuptsevі goods, scho zaproponuvav nayvischu tsіnu;

o gollandsky scho held blagodіynoyu s metoyu. Homepage Cena znizhuєtsya Doty, docks nayschedrіshy Shop patron will not give Zgoda to mіnіmalnu tsіnu announced lots. Auctions, yak usually conductive spetsіalno stvorenimi Yurydychna individuals. Vid bіrzh auctions vіdrіznyayutsya tim, scho all goods priznacheny for sale, Je warehouses in abo torgovelnomu zalі auktsіonnogo mortgage.

Broker (auktsіonіsti) in svoїy profesіynіy dіyalnostі pov'yazanі spetsіalnoyu oath. Okremі auctions peredbachayut, dwellers Username Lost Password dіyali deprivation through maklerіv.

For uchastі in auktsіonі zazvichay vimagaєtsya zavdatok. Prodan on auktsіonі goods pokupets Got negayno Zabrat pіslya zakіnchennya torgіv.

11.4. Mіzhnarodnі fair

The "Big Encyclopedic Dictionary" (.., 1998, 1432) imposed TAKE tlumachennya fair: "Fairs (. Od nіm Jahrmarkt - schorіchny rinok) - trades, markets Agricultural Art tovarіv, SSMSC perіodichno organіzovuyutsya in vstanovlenomu mіstsі Vіdіgravali vazhlivu role in ekonomіchnomu zhittі. Zahіdnoї Єvropi in serednі vіki W rozvitkom rinkovih vіdnosin s fair tsentrіv being trafficked great partіy nayavnogo product peretvoryuyutsya zrazkіv on fair, fair-vistavki have Russie in seredinі XIX century Bulo yew 6.5 yarmarkіv on cob XX century -.... 18. 5 tis Naybіlshі fair - Nizhnogorodska, Іrbіtska fair buvayut:. WorldWideStudies, mіzhnarodnі, regіonalnі, natsіonalnі i mіstsevі Naybіlshі suchasnі mіzhnarodnі fairs: in Mіlanі, Parizhі, Lіonі, Gannoverі, Leipzig, Poznanі, Zagrebі, Plovdivі, Toronto, Іzmіrі, Damascus.. ".

In "The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography" daєtsya TAKE tlumachennya yarmarkіv (1997 p, from 1671..): "Perіodichnі Zborov for sale tovarіv often h vistavami (side-shows) i rozvagami (Entertainments) Pevnyi type of product (a certain. kind of merchandise) often asotsіyuvavsya s specific fairs, napriklad, Fair Ser. Pripuskayut scho fairs resembling od zborіv people doіstorichnі chasi and Zgoda od relіgіynih zborіv the sacred mіstsyah (holy shrines) abo od kulmіnatsіy svyatkuvannya saint (feast of saint). For chasіv serednovіchchya fairs often vіdbuvalisya podvіr'yah on the church in the Holy dnі (on saints' day) ".

Anglіyske word fair (fair) Got latinske pohodzhennya. Among the Romans the word meant fereae holy. In davninu fairs vіdbuvavsya i obmіn barter goods.

Mіzhnarodnі fair Je mіstsem demonstratsії tovarіv, priznachenih perevazhno for eksportu. Fair vikonuyut role of "matchmaker" i odnієyu s naygolovnіshih їh funktsіy Je organіzatsіya kontaktіv mіzh potentsіalnimi eksporterami that іmporterami.

On vіdmіnu od kontraktіv, ukladenih on mіzhnarodnih bіrzhah i auktsіonah, contracts ukladenі on mіzhnarodnih fairs, not toil spetsifіchnih Especially, їh zmіst viznachaєtsya seller i pokuptsyami samostіyno. Lands ukladayutsya zdebіlshogo vzhe pіslya zakіnchennya yarmarkіv.

Okrіm kontaktnoї іnshoyu vazhlivoyu funktsієyu yarmarkіv Je ADVERTISING. Otzhe, fairs Je mіstsem sama tim, i de to the people as possible podivitisya, i imagine Show, scho on movі ekonomіstіv oznachaє - zіbrati offer. Funktsії, All related yarmarkovimi h, i vikonuyut mіzhnarodnі vistavki.

Briefly zupinimosya on naygolovnіshih Especially yarmarkovoї the right okremih єvropeyskih kraїnah. In NGF fair conductive perevazhno spetsіalіzovanі tovaristva, yarmarkovo-organіzatsіyna dіyalnіst Yea for them mainly. Tovaristva nalezhat derzhavі abo commune. Got Location tіsne spіvrobіtnitstvo mіzh organіzatorami, uchasnikami that vіdvіduvachami fair.

Fair NGF toil great significance in Єvropі. Sered єvropeyskih yarmarkіv one s basic Je Leyptsizky. In chasi "holodnoї vіyni" she podіlu Єvropi Tsey fairs vіdіgrav unіkalnu role in rozvitkovі torgovelnih zv'yazkіv mіzh converge i comes. In yarmarkovomu zhittі Leipzig protyagom perіodu scho rozpochavsya pіslya ob'єdnannya oboh Nіmechchin, vіdbulisya pevnі zmіni - zamіst gіgantskih unіversalnih vistavok Pocha provoditi nevelikі spetsіalіzovanі vistavki scho orієntuyutsya on zadovolennya potreb market analysis.

Vsesvіtno vіdomy i Myunhensky fairs. Tse svoєrіdna is global vistavka promislovostі. Schoroku the fair vіdbuvaєtsya two dozens vistavok have yakih take fate Participants i vіdvіduvachі s bagatoh kraїn svitu.

Berlіnsky fairs posіdaє provіdnі pozitsії in Єvropі in such Galuzo, yak sіlske Gospodarstwa, tourism, radіoelektronіka. Fairs privablyuє peredusіm Kraina Shіdnoї Єvropi that Skandinavії. Zrostaє prestige fair i in іnshih Galuzo - budіvnitstvі, elektrotehnіtsі, avtomobіlebuduvannі, sanіtarnіy tehnіtsі, vodopostachannі th ohoronі vodoym, virobnitstvі ofіsnogo obladnannya that avіakosmіchnіy promislovostі.

In Frantsії yarmarkova infrastructure zoseredzhena perevazhno in Parizhі i nalezhit Torgovelno-promislovіy palatі. Jak i have NGF in

Frantsії fair conductive spetsіalіzovanі tovaristva. In provіntsіyah takі tovaristva often Je vlasnikami materіalno-tehnіchnoї bazi for organіzatsії yarmarkіv i vistavok. Bіlshіst galuzevih i spetsіalіzovanih yarmarkіv vіdbuvaєtsya in stolyci Frantsії.

Іtalіyskі agency s Venue of yarmarkіv nalezhat Promyslova ob'єdnannyam abo perebuvayut in privatnіy vlasnostі. Naybіlshy fairs Іtalії - Mіlansky, vіn zdaє in abo Orenda pavіlyoni Je organіzatorom vistavok. Fairs Got 20 predstavnitstv behind a cordon. 30% zovnіshnoї torgіvlі Іtalії zabezpechuєtsya zavdyaki fairs, in addition chislі blizko 20% - zavdyaki Mіlanskomu.

"Rіd" i "Blenheim" E naybіlshimi yarmarkovimi kompanіyami Velikobritanії. Їh dіyalnіst poshiryuєtsya i for mezhі Kraina. Yarmarkova infrastructure Kraina nalezhit perevazhno Communal organіzatsіyam. Nevelikі privatnі kompanії organіzovuyut mainly Quantity yarmarkіv.

In Іspanії trivaly hour provіdnim CCB Barselonsky fairs ninі lіderstvo pereyshlo to Madridskogo, yaky Got two dozens zarubіzhnih predstavnitstv. In kraїnі embarked on pіdvischennya of Quality yarmarkovoї Spravi i Venue of smallest in yarmarkіv.

Yarmarkovim center kraїn Benіlyuksu Je Utrecht. Before tsogo nіderlandskogo Mista zruchno dіstavatisya transport and materіalno-tehnіchna base daє zmogu provoditi schoroku 40-50 galuzevih yarmarkіv (Je velikі ploschі for organіzatsії torgіvlі neprodovolchimi i spozhivchimi goods).

Naybіlshim in Skandinavії vistavkovim center i mіstsem to conduct konferentsіy Je Kopengagensky vistavkovy center "Bella sentret" de schoroku vіdbuvaєtsya 30 zahodіv. Postіyno dіyut vistavki odyagu, VZUTTYA, meblіv, kontorskogo obladnannya. In spetsіalnomu gotelі mozhut rozmіschuvatisya ofіsi іnozemnih fіrm. Schoroku center vіdvіduє Ponad 700 tis. chol.