Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

8.2. SPETSIFІKA the I SUTNІST ІRRATSІONALІZMU

• Viznachalnoyu gnoseologіchnoyu i a spiritual orієntatsієyu suchasnoї fіlosofії Je іrratsіonalіzm. Yak eg fіlosofskogo mislennya іrratsіonalіzm pochinaє formuvatisya slit in the Antique Epoch. Yogo round mozhna aware of the provisions in deyakih vchennya orfіzmu, pіfagoreїzmu, platonіzmu that neoplatonіzmu. Naybіlshe poshiryuyutsya іrratsіonalіstichnі tendentsії in serednovіchnіy hristiyanskіy fіlosofії scho pіznіshe vililos in apophaticism. Vahom vnesok in formuvannya іrratsіonalіstichnogo directly Zroby vchennya M. Montaigne i relіgіyno-fіlosofskі Poshuk B. Pascal in the I navіt Epoch panuvannya ratsіonalіzmu fіlosofskі іdeї pіznogo F. Shellіnga suttєvo poglibili іrratsіonalіstichne spriynyattya dіysnostі.

• Vazhlivoyu vіhoyu on the high road formuvannya іrratsіonalіstichnogo type pіznannya i svіtovіdnoshennya CCB romanticism. Yogo narodzhennya pov'yazuєtsya s so dіyalnіstyu Rank enskogo gurtka kernel yakogo skladali Frіdrіh Schlegel (1772-1829 pp.), Yogo brother August Vіlgelm Schlegel (1767-1845 pp.), Frіdrіh TIK (1773-1853 pp.), Frіdrіh Novalіs (1772-1801 pp.), Frіdrіh Shleyєrmaher (1768-1834 pp.). Rannіy romanticism - perevazhno lіteraturno-hudozhnya techіya, yak vplinula the share teoretichnoї pillows. Romantics not zalishili vchenih traktatіv, naybіlsh plіdna form їhnіh poglyadіv - aphorism; dosyagnuty result - nespokіy pillows. Romanticism vіdobrazhav rozcharuvannya in burzhuaznіy prozaїchnіy sutnostі Butt in ratsіonalіstichnih spekulyatsіyah. Meta Romanticism - the freedom of the spirit. Іdeal romantikіv - Vilna osobistіst. They vazhlivoyu Je concrete alive Lyudin "Tіlki іndivіd tsіkavy" - said F. Novalіs. Romanticism unіversalny, vіn vistupaє for podolannya whether yakoї neterpimostі that obmezhenostі for romance Je tsіkavoyu cutaneous іndivіdualnіst - Person of, people, yak truncated lyudstvo schos non-reentrant.

• F. Novalіs in povіstі "Uchnі in Saїsі" through the parable about Gіatsinta, yaky shukaє Sens Butt, come to visnovku scho taєmnitsya Butt - of order s Person of, in simple pochuttі Kohannya. Romantics vmіli not tіlki mrіyati about far nezdіysnenne, ale th znahoditi svoї іdeali in blizkomu, povsyakdennomu, lyudskomu. For romantikіv nayvischoyu tsіnnіstyu Je Zhittya. Pong unikayut abstract mislennya, vbachayuchi in nomu Zhittya sіre that musty. Same ponyattya "romantic" rozumієtsya yak "one scho vihodit beyond povsyakdennostі".

• A s provіdnih romantikіv F. Shleyєrmaher apelyuє to іntelіgentsії, mislyachoї auditorії, vbachayuchi svoє zavdannya in fact dwellers z'yasuvati znachuschіst relіgії. її sutnіst - not mislennі i not dії, and spoglyadannі th pochuttі metaphysics (fіlosofіya) namagaєtsya poyasniti Vsesvit, relіgіya vselyaє pochuttya prichetnostі to unіversumu. Moral vihodit Zi freedom, relіgіya znovu povertaє freedom in nature, dopovnyuyuchi svіtobachennya i practice "pragnennyam to neskіnchennostі". Zavdannya relіgіynogo vihovannya polyagaє nasampered in probudzhennі pochuttya lyubovі.

Otzhe, romanticism, zvertayuchis to vnutrіshnogo svitu Helsinki Human, її pochuttіv, vіdhodit od traditsіy ratsіonalіstichnoї fіlosofії, zapochatkovuyuchi Novi Look at Svit, nova svіtoglyadnu orієntatsіyu.

Stverdzhennya fіlosofskogo іrratsіonalіzmu vіdbuvaєtsya at rozcharuvannі іntelіgentsії in quiet іdealah, yakimi operuvav fіlosofsky ratsіonalіzm. Until the middle of the XIX century. sformuvalosya perekonannya scho progressive science i tehnіki itself sobі not Veda to realіzatsії vіkovih pragnen lyudstva. People stopped in vbachati svіtovomu іstorichnomu protsesі viyavlennya i zdіysnennya vischogo Rozum. Through tse vtratila his privablivіst іdeya prіoritetu sotsіalno-іstorichnoї aktivnostі Helsinki Human. In lіteraturі, mistetstvі, fіlosofії stverdzhuєtsya Dumka about bezpіdstavnіst i marnіst usіh nadіy Helsinki Human to those scho ob'єktivny ruh svіtovogo processes garantuє zdіysnennya Vlasnyi lyudskih tsіley and pіznannya yogo zakonomіrnostey Dusty lyudinі nadіynu orієntatsіyu in dіysnostі. Znevіra in structurally-CREATIVE forces Helsinki Human, sotsіalny that іstorichny pesimіzm - osnovnі RISS svіtoglyadnih orієntatsіy Druha half XIX - XX century cob, SSMSC lyagla based іrratsіonalіzmu yak fіlosofskogo directly suchasnoї zahіdnoєvropeyskoї fіlosofії..

Pid vplivom Tsikh tendentsіy vіdbuvaєtsya pereosmislennya ratsіonalіstichnoї kontseptsії representations to the Helsinki Human navkolishnogo svitu, zmіna uyavlen about Sens, Meta

"Person of not just іdealna, yak i іdealne all Navkolo, nezvazhayuchi its materіalnіst; Person of slit th zdatna viroblyati, utrimuvati, send both іdeї i zhiti in іdealnomu - in іdealnomu svіtі, her train samoyu in bagato chomu stvorenomu ".

Yuri Osipov

that priznachennya lyudskoї dіyalnostі i pіznannya, pereglyad of the method tlumachennya lyudskogo mislennya i svіdomostі On vіdmіnu od ratsіonalіzmu Where Money Does mіstifіkuyutsya ratsіonalno dotsіlnі FORMS lyudskoї aktivnostі, іrratsіonalіzm ototozhnyuє spirituality Zi spontaneously nesvіdomimi іmpulsami, emotsіyno-volovimi that moral and practicality sub'єkta structures. OAO All FORMS ratsіonalnogo, dotsіlnogo representations to svitu ogoloshuyutsya in іrratsіonalіzmі pohіdnimi od pochatkovoї, dosvіdomoї basis. Nestіykіst sotsіalnogo Butt іndivіda peretvoryuєtsya in іrratsіonalіzmі on ontologіchnu nevrіvnovazhenіst usogo Vsesvіtu. H point Zora predstavnikіv іrratsіonalіzmu, Svit not Got vporyadkovanoї, zakonopodіbnoї pobudovi, i samі Basics of Butte nerozumnі. Butt іrratsіonalne, oskіlki alogіchne, disgarmonіyne, zavzhdi sub'єktivne. Yogo osyagnennya mozhlive tіlki through "vnutrіshnє", "Mental Health", іntuїtivne spriynyattya.