Філософія: мислителі, ідеї, концепції - Kremen V.G.

8.3. "WILL BEFORE LIFE" A. SHOPENGAUER

• The foremost scaffold, the antithesis of the rationalistic tradition, was the creativity of the representations of the so-called "phylosophy of life". Їхня ірраціоналістична demonstratsія proti spoglyadalnogo ratsіonalizmu otrimala nazvu "rebellion against the rose".

• Vidatny representative of the Whole Straight Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) who were born in the customs of the Sims in Danzigu (Nimecina). Fathers welded, potim rozehali, і ce, zvichayno, vidbilosya on psychology maybutnogo mister. Prote Osvіt Schopenhauer zdobuv ґruntovna. Zavshyaki materi-writing seryozno vivchav vremenavnі movi, and in the Berlin University - phylosophy, yaku vikladali Fіhte і Schleiermaher. Zatsikavivsya principle of phykhteanskogo sub'ektivizmu ідеей Шелінга about freedom of the waves. Schopenhauer Mav is a spiteful character, yogo ambitiousness and pragnenia before glory of simplification of the trivial hour were filled with unhappiness. The penetration of his centrism, zosiredzheny on the vernacular "I", vyn z esblyvoyu lyutty attacking Hegel, optimisticheskiy pathos of the phylosophy, which superspecified the warehouses of the Schopenhauerivsky Myslenya. The course, a certain Wikladav Schopenhauer at the University of Berlin (in the same year, if lecturing reading Hegel), success is not mav. Yogi has not been more than ten choloviks. Head pratsya - "Svit yak volya i uyavlennya" - has lost its pose respected, vidavets zaznav zbitkiv, і bіlsha part of the circulation has changed to waste paper. All the things I did was to despise people until they were not built by the yogis. "The book is a mirror," - Schopenhauer vvazhaet, - if the donkey marvels at this, you can not pobachachi in angu angel. Pislya nevisnannya in Berlin Sho-pengauer perezhdzhige to Frank-furta-na-Maini, de vede bachelor's life, vvazhayuchi, scho "get rid of - to pose half of its rights and adapt its obovyozyka." Eccentricity to bring up vіchchuzhennya vіd people who hate vіn і nazivaye "a double breed of mavp".

In the 50's of the XIX century. Stavlennya before Schopenhauer pochalo zmіnjuvatis, bo yogo podnenni іdeї already відповідали "new hours", about а який раніше мріяв філософ. Він стає відомим, Ріхард Ватер надсилає йому примірник своєї тетралогії "Кільце Нібелун-гів" with a daringly written message, at the YIMU's universities, you can see the yogo-language system. Schopenhauer with the right of the right can say: "The kynts of my life became the glory of my glory." Yoga creativity is small suttvyy vplyv on svitoglyad bagatokh zakonnikov, zokrema A. Tolstoy. Ерудиція та літературна майстерність, характерні для творкості Шопенгауера, зрештою надали популярності філософській теорії милителя.

Schopenhauer see that the term "yavische" terminates the term "Uyavlenya", which is everything that is given to us by the sensitive sprite. Svit існує тільки як уявлення Materіniy svіt - not іnо інше, як світ явищ, і його вивчає science "Svit yak uyavlenya" - tse sub'ektivno-idealistі іnterpretatsіya ratsionalnogo pіznannya, discredit by Chopin-Gauer of the objective science mission. Він вважав, що наукове світорозуміння ілюзуне, класична філософія - "charlatanism", and дaалектична логіка - "juggling with abstract formulas".

Otzhe, svit існує остільки, оскільки ми його уявляємо. This is the rank, the admission of the transfiguration of the "yak uyavlenya" near the "yak volya". In the Duma of Schopenhauer, in spite of all the facts of the booze, those basic and primary moments of souls, tobto internal, spiritual lives of the people of the stench were invested by the mission and they put yoga on the first plan. It is true to manifest itself in a diversified form, not only from the side, but from the inside, to the call of the authoritative and rational penitentiary, to be based on it, to protract the intrinsic dossier, and to the basis of the écracial detachment of "speeches at the meeting." Not in the Mislegni, but in the Bazhanni (hotinna) sub'ekt Vystupa itself by sobi, dissecting your inner sutnist - will, yaka - prince

"The whole svit bulo b znischeno, yakbi boulo znischeno іntelekt ot vilucheno mozok z sysіh skoropiv. I ask you not to think, tso tse-gart; I think it's serious, it's okay to keep our life (і всіх тварин) уявлення, і поза цим уявленням світу немає ".

A. Schopenhauer

Cipom sub'єктивності, on відміну від пізнання yak to the principle об'єктивності. The will is the first, uncleared in the world, yak is the second, vidokremlenim vid volo. The will is rooted in the universal and cosmic phenomenon, and the skin power in nature is the will. Otzhe, obektivnomu piznannu protistavlyaetsya ірраціональне пізнання, yake enter at nedosyazhny іnshim chinom svit. Mova yde is not about the intellectual property, but about the selflessness of the self, about the injustice, yaka mae is right not for zovnіshnіm svіtom, but for "booty u sobі", that is, on the sіmі іnі-іntuіktivnim.

Skin understand, dumka - more than an abstraction. Звідси декартівське Cogito ergo sum ("I will ask, otzhe, існую") Шопенгауер замінює Volo ergo sum ("I want, ozhe, існую"). In the bazhanni sub'ekt vystupaet itself on sobi, rozkrivayuchi its internal sutnist - volya, yaka є principle sub'ektivnosti, on vidminu vіd pіznannya yak to the principle of ob'ektivnosti

The main rice of Schopenhauer is і видококремлення волі від пізнання. The will of the first, is independent of the penance, the yak is secondary, unrelieved in the wake of the Holy See, and the will is not written, but the will is not written in the written form, vin is riznomannitny, innocent, intelligent. Skinny organizm, in addition to the number of men's women, і нічим іншим, як розкриттям волі. On the counterpart of Hegel, Schopenhauer is the subject of the thesis: "The truncated thing is unintelligible, everything is unintelligible". Diyati rozumno і діяти morally, вважає милитель, - це дві несумісні речі. The wolf has its own inherent need, wont not be roused by the Rose Will-first and first, vikonu is the role of the top man, a kind of priceroyu knight. Universal obekt voli - "the will to life". The rule of the wolf is more than life - an instinct of self-preservation, a yoke to the egoism, but a jerk to the people's stuff. Skin fillings є hisistic: "I" and "his" - one and the same, the stink of total: I will not remain, not the first. Schopenhauer rozriznyaet two visible to him: one, a kind of well-wishing good good, and the other - hypertrophy, malignancy, a kind of hoche of another's grief.

In his own poetic views, Schopenhauer is at the forefront of "unselfishness," self-reveling, pozayak shchastya - zavzhdi utopin, elyuzorne, and gonitva behind him to plunder the people with the nose of the useless moral inundities.

Schopenhauer nazivayut fіlosofom "svitovoї scorboty", oskilki v nakkolishnomu svіtі vіdbuvayutsya vіchnі reiterated tra

"I take as a basis one warehouse part of the spirit, will, yak shos more first and first, then, yaka herself piznaye, abo subekt, ​​yak friend, vrinnne, and mother - yak neobhdny korylyat tsitsogo vtorinnogo."

A. Schopenhauer

Гічних станів, у яких винуватцем є воля. The warehouse part of the "tragic dialecticism" of Schopenhauer is understood as the vin Svitovo Voli. Виникнення Всесвіту і життя в оому - це це стихійно неусвідоленне, but потім усвідомлене гріхопаіння, schо tіlki privately вивидодовується страдінняні, які vypali na tih, hto zhivo v svіtі. Vihid misleader vbachaet in that, shcheob people straightened pritamannu мm zhittievu енергію як proti samії ііїї енергії, and і проти її джерела - Світової Волі. Nayvischі manifest Volya slіd wrap on Borotba proti її core tobto phenomenon Volya guilty znischiti itself Will (napriklad have prirodі bіlsh rozvinutі іstoti, hizhaki, znischuyut Mensch rozvinutih - travoїdnih). What's your patience? Nasampered neobhіdno zasobami fіlosofskogo pіznannya viyaviti zavdannya, SSMSC to stand in front of people, potіm - podolati two Etap samoznischennya Volya. The first is estetichna spyglassanna;

Others - morally samovdoskonalennya, zavdyaki Money Does vіdbuvaєtsya zmіna povedіnki in potrіbnomu napryamku.

• Schopenhauer through his іdeynu bagatomanіtnіst that іdeologіchnu neodnoznachnіst postіyno viklikaє іnteres Mi znahodimo from Demba romantic-aristocratic prezirstvo to poryadkіv suspіlstva "chistoganu" vorozhіst to folk mass, peredchuttya maybutnіh potryasіn, yakih not uniknuti bourgeois suspіlstvu, usvіdomlennya zagalnih nedolіkіv іndustrіalnoї tsivіlіzatsії in bud- Money Does її specific proyavі, znevіru to those scho Mauger know such sotsіalna force yak zabezpechit suspіlny progression in Epoch ochіkuvannya nuclear she ekologіchnogo apokalіpsisa neviznachenіst i nevpevnenіst vinikayut in dosit wide kіl іntelіgentsії, scho th probudzhuє pochuttya i nastroї, SSMSC hvilyuvali great pesimіsta uprodovzh usogo Life.