Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

16.2. "ODNOMІRNE SUSPІLSTVO" Herbert Marcuse

Bezposerednіy predstavnik Frankfurtskoї School Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979) on osnovі kritichnoї teorії pragne viznachiti Roads Ahead transition od kapіtalіzmu i sotsіalіzmu to nerepresivnoї (gumannoї) tsivіlіzatsії. Dumka On Marcuse, in the center kritichnoї teorії potrіbno postaviti specific Lyudin in vsomu bagatstvі її required.

Antropologіchna subject the criticism Suchasnyj іndustrіalnogo suspіlstva s pozitsіy viyavlennya yogo antigumannoї sutnostі put the problem sotsіalnoї revolyutsії, ale s not pozitsіy klasovoї Borotba and s pozitsіy lyudskoї sutnostі that іstorichnogo іsnuvannya Helsinki Human. Herbert Marcuse "mіroyu realnostі" lyudskih vіdnosin proponuє rozglyadati "kritichnі vіdnoshennya". Revolyutsіya - tse "project", yaky zdіysnyuє critical mislya

"! Neschasna Krajina in yakіy geroїv Absent" - viguknuv opponent has Galі lei i pochuv gіdnu vіdpovіd "HII Neschasna that Krajina, scho potrebuє geroїv".

Chii sub'єkt, zdatny usunuti superechnostі mіzh i Rozum dіysnіstyu. In іndustrіalnomu suspіlstvі such sub'єktom vistupaє іntelіgentsіya i fry instead proletariat, through yaky іntegrovanіst in іndustrіalnu system vtrativ his revolyutsіynіst.

In the minds represivnoї tsivіlіzatsії robіtnichy class staє Passive, nezdatnim on rіshuchі dії. In takіy situatsії revolyutsіyna іnіtsіativa nemovbi move to such sotsіalnih group, SSMSC s look around at їh strangled nemozhlivo vklyuchiti in represivnu tsivіlіzatsіyu (tobto studentstvo, young, natsіonalnі menshini, the peoples of the Third kraїn svitu). Whether yak represivna tsivіlіzatsіya, the kapіtalіzm chi, chi sotsіalіzm, nedostatnya, won not zadovolnyaє potreb Helsinki Human. A tse oznachaє, scho Won neminuche zustrіchaєtsya s support. Zavdannya polyagaє in fact dwellers yogo organіzuvati.

In kontseptsії "odnomіrnoї Helsinki Human" communicated, scho in іndustrіalnomu suspіlstvі slave Je not proletarian (yak in the XIX century.), And spozhivach. The "suspіlstvі spozhivannya" znikayut revolyutsіyno-kritichnі namіri, Lyudin staє spіvmіrnoyu s timey orієntatsіyami, SSMSC zadaє "suspіlstvo spozhivannya". Takіy lyudinі not potrіbna polіtichna aktivnіst, Aje її Interests virazhaє sama suspіlstvo. Navischo їy svoї partії, polіtichnі Ruhi? W appears odnomіrnoї Helsinki Human stink povinnі just pіti s іstorichnoї Scene: Aje odnomіrna Lyudin i class, yaky skladaєtsya s such people, has become a mainstay іsnuyuchogo fret.

Zgіdno s Marcuse in "Helsinki Human odnomіrnoї" formuєtsya vіdpovіdna psihologіya: all її Zhittya napovnene Bazhanov, require pragnennyami, spryamovanimi in those railway track odnomіrnogo vimіru - spozhivannya. "Person of Odnomіrna" povnіstyu poglinaєtsya "odnomіrnim suspіlstvom".

Culture, science is the fіlosofіya in "odnomіrnomu suspіlstvі" takozh odnomіrnі. Culture zvoditsya to ekonomіchnih necessary, to the Ruler

"Pristosovana (" odnomіrna ") Lyudin in moєmu rozumіnnі words - Person of tse, yak vistavlyaє item currently have nіy Absent nіchogo stіykogo, viznachenogo, krіm require nadavati zadovolennya i Booty Ready mіnyati rolі. Pokey th tse vdaєtsya, Won Pevnyi mіroyu is staying in bezpetsі, ale zrada vischomu I lyudskim tsіnnostyam Veda to vnutrіshnoї porozhnechі i slabkostі, viyavlyatsya scho, yak tіlki schos pohitnetsya in її borotbі for uspіh ".

E. Fromm

koї polіtichnoї that "news of the day." Odnomіrna science itself that has led Lyudin suspіlstvo to їh odnakovostі, oskіlki realіzuvala itself through tehnіku, ekonomіku, polіtiku, morality, Mistetstvo that fіlosofіyu. In іndustrіalnomu suspіlstvі science stverdzhuє s most cob project odnomіrnoї Helsinki Human.

Nezadovoleny "odnomіrnim suspіlstvom" Herbert Marcuse shukaє "formula prorivu" yak vіn znahodit in ekstremіzmі lіvih radikalіv and potіm the "bіologіchnomu vimіrі" de vvazhaє viznachalnim domіnuvannya Nasoloda i zhittєvih pragnen.