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Culturology - Gritsenko TB

6.5.5. Vidrodzhennya frantsii

In France, the appearance of the Bagatel and Svoiridnoye Renaissance culture is encouraged in the minds of the most powerful people in the state power. "The Renaissance Power" has fraternized with 150 rock bands (XVI - the first half of the XVII century) * 39. Tse bula is decentralized to a dynastic void without pokirvlії bureaucratі. Vlada spiralsya on pidtrimku populated, tsitsa pidtrimka nadavalasya through the General and provinitsyni state. "Renaissance monarchy" is reserved for the hour of rule of the Lyudovik XIV, if the good is organized the central authority of the "absolute class".

* 39: {Lublinskaya A.D. State of the Renaissance in Western Europe. // Typology and periodization of the Renaissance culture / Pod. Ed. IN AND. Rutenburg. - Moscow: Nauka, 1978. - P. 8.}

At the French pencil XV - XVI century. Protilezhnі naslіdkam addition, scho vidbulosya v tsei samogo n Nimecchin. Reformatsіyny Ruh suffered here a crash, the edge was filled with catholic. Hocha absolutely monarchy Franzia staë on the cobble of the XVI century, korolivska vlada bula to finish strong and in the XV century. Tse put the singing vidribitok on the French misterstvo: ynomu early z'yavisya vidtinok "courtiers." Malopomitny at Literature, de at the XV century. She also laughed at the verse of folk art and jakravim by a meteoric wikin from the train, the rebellious schoolboy Francois Vion , and the sixteenth century. Boulo an hour of Rabelais, Ronsard and Montaigne , Tsei vidtinok nabagato strongly manifested in an educated mystery. Monarchs, pidsilyuyuchi syayvo glory of his court, they turned themselves to artists, so that the stinkers imagined their wives.

Creation of a mystery Franzії do Відродження

The French mystery dramatic notes were muffled: here there was no analogue to the creation of Bosch, Brueghel, Durer, Grunwald , and the kingdom of France for two pillars of boule takozh was built up of burhlivi and zhorostok podiy. Столітня війна, війна з Габсбургми, релігійні війни католиків з гугенотами, кривава Варфоломіївська ніч - усе це було у французькій історії. Alec ti tune, yakshcho y vyyavilisya u mystetstvі, then, the head rank, beside grave plastic. At the time of the Frenchman, the mystic was lapped visushano-spokinim. Zagalom vyyavilasya not tilki rablezianskaya zhitttradeadnost, ali otitsyna oriєntatsіya zamovnikiv - korolіv that court - on misterstvo італійського маньєризму.

In the XV century. Nikraschі dosyagnennya frantsuzskogo misterstva pov'yazannyі z mіnіiaturnymnym pyshpisom, yak so by itself, yak i in the Niederland, mav here for a long time tradition. At the time of the Nederlands and the French school, the ministers are always in a state of interdependence, Ёх не зажди можна розрізнити. They have a boule with a spiral stagnant - Burgundy. In the XV century. The French duchy of the boule was self-sufficient, up to that time Ndernlandi was included. During the dorings of the Burgundian dukes, the priests of Iceland and Iceland, the French and the Israeli, Jan van Eyk himself, and the brothers Limburgi were ruling .

One of the masterpieces of this kind of mysticism of the bullet ілюстрації to the manuscript book of the Great French Crones. The book of the bullet was prepared in the middle of the 15th century. For the Burgundy Duke of Good Faith. The head of the artist is the Simon Marmion , the Vicon at the manuscript p'yatnaccyat minіatyur, іnші сімдесят п'ять - yogo pomichniki. Here, the history of France is being developed, starting from the legendary march of francs to the Trojans, and from the suburbs of the Stol'tnyoi vinyi s Angliye.

Nayvidomishim frantsuzkih paints XV century. Buv head superman Marmion in the mystery of the ministers - Jean Fouque. Mayge one-hourly with the "Great Cronics" of Marmont, in France, the analogy of the thematic code of Fouquet is being discussed. Ці ілюстрації ще розкішніші за фарбами, вільніші у передачі простору, більш цілісні за композицією, ніж у бургундського майстра.

Fuke Ilyustruvashev bagatoo handwritten book (і між іншим, create Boccaccio), але не менш відомі yogo portrait - King Charles VII and courtiers, and takozh diptych Ет'єна Шевальє із ображенням мадонни. In the vigiless Madonna is a favorite of Charles VII Agnes Sorel. In tsiomu creativity є vzhe pevny svmak that vishukanogo, cold erotizmu, scho zgdomom proletune in virshah Ronsara. In the Kolorovo vidnoshennі here є дещо від in the picture вітражів.

In the XVI century. Svitskogo viglyadu nabuvaє frantsuzka arhitektura. Do tsi dobu vona vіdznachaetsya stylovoyu tsilnistyu - vigadlivo varіyyutsya і spoluchayutsya elemeni gothic art італійських palazzo. When the world virishuyutsya zagalny problemy mistobuduvannya, planuvannya. Mista is now able to start nabuvati viglyadu, nablizhenogo to the hour - with straight wide volyches, forgetting for one plan. For so zavdannya could seriously borishsya depreshe strong centralized state.

One behind one is to be called the French locks. The stubs are surrounded by parks, surrounded by walls and veins, and the problem of the architectural ensemble. So є King's castle Chambord, the impulse at the first half of the XVI century. Yogo tripo-high mass, simetric and svoriy, duzhe efektno uvinchany decorative gothic completions. At podalshomu Frantsii pochinayut vivchati antichnu ancient architecture, a system of antique orders. If the head coronation residence is transferred to Paris, the architect P'er Lesko will be there on the site of the old palace of the Louvre.

Ush tsi sporudi were going to be done in the future in the hour of the reign of King Francis I, cotriya usilyako spiviv rozvitku misterstva. In the course of time, he was ori- ented to the ithalic sights. Same vin priynyav at himself Leonardo da Vinci.

Навіідоміші французькі скульптори Жан Гужон і Жермен Пілон також зазнали впливу школы Фонтенбло , що не заважало ім виконувати чарівні твори. Guzhon Bagatu praziuvav once with the architect Lesko, budivnichim Louvre. Lesko creating the project "Fontana nymph" in the gallery of seven arcades, and reel'fi mіzh пілястрами, що зображують німф, виконав Гужон. In tsikh images, the types of personality are very characteristic, and that vishukan vigini figur is vigilantically and esthetically unnecessary. Nymph Goujon, shvidshe nagaduyut kraschі create French Gothic, nizh maneerism, and at the same time they have є desho vіd antique clasics.

Італійські впливи порівняно мало торкнулися мистецтва портрету: тут більш відчутний вплив нідерландських традицій. In France XVI century. Buli widely rozposyudzhen portraits-drawings olivtsem і troki pidfarbovanі sangіnoju. At tsіy galuzi pratsyvali vidomі mittsi, scho ocholyuvali maysterni y scholli: Jean Klue the Younger, yogo sino Francois Klue, batko yin Dumuste ya bahato інших. The stains were filled with a gallery of images of people of the XVI century. Sereda them є і King Francis І, і yogo shedkoyєmetc Karl Іh, Genrikh Navarskiy, Katerina Medici, sings Ronsar. The stubble of the Tverezo is simple, without an intrinsic penetration of the inner svit, ale without lepostish, without alegorii and great portrait resemblance.

The addition of the French Vidrodzhennya bula for the sake of the French mystery is perehidnoi і stilistichno not tired. Franz XVI Art. Рішуче розірвала зі its gothic minute, and zvernennya to the new passed through a herd of strong vplyu innozhnoї artistic culture.