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CULTUROLOGY - Gritsenko TB

6.5.6. Renaissance in Anglії

Anglіya in the XVI century. rozkvіt experienced theater th dramaturgії, ale її Obrazotvorche Mistetstvo nіchim Especially not vіdznachilosya. Kalvіnіstska relіgіyna reform scho bula zdіysnena Puritans viyavilasya here Nadto poslіdovnoyu in svoєmu іkonobornitstvі: Won lіkvіduvala monastirі - osnovnі centerand hudozhnoї culture. So rank povnіstyu pripinivsya rozvitok relіgіynogo painting. Rozvitok svіtskogo Mistetstvo here galmuvavsya vіdsutnіstyu neobhіdnoї traditsії. Anglіyskі monarchs slapped perevagu іnozemnim artists, so i sider dosit Dovgy hour. Pіdnesennya natsіonalnogo anglіyskogo painting rozpochalosya deprivation in the XVIII century.

THEATRICAL Mistetstvo Anglії Dobie Renaissance

On anglіyskomu ґruntі in tvorchostі vidatnogo playwright Vіlyama Shekspіra dosyagnuv svoєї top of єvropeysky Dobie Theatre Renaissance. Theatre Shekspіra not tіlki CCB pіdsumkom rozvitku natsіonalnogo anglіyskogo theater Ale Pevnyi mіroyu pіdsumovuvav dosyagnennya usієї poperednoї dramaturgіchnoї culture davnini i new hour. Odnochasno tvorchіst Shekspіra vіdkrivala prospects for the away rozvitku th theater drama on the high road sotsіalno-fіlosofskogo osmislennya Zhittya i glibokogo rozkrittya vnutrіshnogo svitu Helsinki Human.

Nestrimna radіst Zhittya, uslavlennya zdorovoї, silnoї, Helsinki Human vіdvazhnoї s yaskravimi emotsіyami that smіlivimi SMMC - takі RISS pritamannі Perche p'єsam Shekspіra (komedії "Priborkannya nepokіrnoї", "Dream lіtnoї nochi", "Two verontsі", "Komedіya pomilok", " bagato daremno Galas "," Dvanadtsyata nich "). They Virage vazhliva renesansna Dumka: pro Person of judging not for odyagom i called, but for її Rozum, vіdvagoyu, nobility. Persha great tragedіya Shekspіra - "Romeo i Dzhulєta" potіm "Yulіy Caesar," "Hamlet," "King Lear", "Macbeth", "Othello". Bagato lyudskih addicted, i zleti padіnnya zobraziv great playwright: nesterpny tyagar dushі Prince Datskogo, tyazhkі strazhdannya obmanutoї Dovira Othello, King rozcharuvannya Lіra, flour sumlіnnya Macbeth. The character of the people that obstavini in yakih stink dіyut, zobrazhenі Shekspіrom in vsіy skladnostі glibinі i have rusі, rozvitku, zmіnah. Pong - tvorіnnya great prophesies Mitzi, yaky znav, naskіlki bagatomanіtne Zhittya.

Tvorchіst Shekspіra prosyaknuta spravzhnіm gumanіzmom, ale gumanіzmom tragіchnim. Tse usvіdomlennya tragedії kozhnoї okremoї in Helsinki Human suspіlstvі, usvіdomlennya naprugi tієї Borotba, yak Person of Veda s zhorstokim suspіlstvom, Borotba mayzhe beznadіynoї, ale all the same neobhіdnoї.

Golovna rice tragedіy Shekspіra ( "Hamlet," "King Lear", "Macbeth" is the іn.) - In real-th zіtknennі іdealnogo. Here you can bachiti, yak renesansny synthesis transformuєtsya in antagonіzm. Osoblivіstyu pіznogo gumanіzmu Je yogo ambіvalentnіst. Vaughn viyavlyaєtsya i in harakterі bagatoh personazhіv Shekspіra. Nayyaskravіshe tse viyavilosya harakterі in Hamlet. Vіn Slabko i, i strongly, i dієvy, th іnfantilny hero. Ale does not have tіlki vіn mіstit svoєmu harakterі rіznі mozhlivostі. Hto Taqiy Lіr - despot chi Gentry lyudina- And Othello - Dikun scho Ledwith prikrivaє his likeness primіtivnіst tsivіlіzovanoї Helsinki Human chi Gentry gumanіst? INSHI personazhі shekspіrіvskih tragedіy takozh before us constitutes podіbnі Dilema * 40.

* 40: {Anikst AA Renaissance, Mannerism and Baroque in literature and the theater in Western Europe. // The problem of Western European art styles in the XV-XVIII centuries. Renaissance. Baroque. Classicism / Ed. B.R.Vippera, T.N.Livanova. - M .: Nauka, 1966. - S. 217-218}.

In tvorchostі Shekspіra viyavlenі harakternі osoblivostі lіteraturi th nuclei Pіznogo Renaissance - spoluchennya rіznorіdnih elementіv genre. Tse slavnozvіsne zmіshuvannya tragіchnogo th komіchnogo dosyagaє naybіlshoї gostroti tragedіyah in "Hamlet" i "King Lear." The "Gamletі" napriklad, spoluchenі tvereza zhittєva really fantastic way i іz potoybіchnogo svitu.

For pіznogo gumanіzmu in tsіlomu Bulo characteristic posilennya bezposeredno zhittєvogo zmіstu dramaturgії. Style shekspіrіvskih p'єs svіdchit scho-valued share znikaє ritorichnostі. Vikonannya staє bіlsh naturalіstichnim. The "Gamletі" mіstitsya theoretical nature of theatrical platform Mistetstvo new type. Wust of the hero zaperechuєtsya-old rhetorical manner deklamatsіyna s її kraynoschami th perebіlshennyami. Hamlet zasudzhuє aktorіv, kotrі "addicted to the rush Shmatko." Vіn advises actors: "Ruh vіdpovіdno to dіalogіv, govorіt, slіdkuyuchi for ruhami, s tim deprivation zasterezhennyam, dwellers tse not vihodilo for mezhі natural" * 41.

* 41: {Anikst AA Renaissance, Mannerism and Baroque in literature and the theater in Western Europe. // The problem of Western European art styles in the XV-XVIII centuries. Renaissance. Baroque. Classicism / Ed. B.R.Vippera, T.N.Livanova. - M .: Nauka, 1966. - S. 218-219}.

Zapitannya i zavdannya for self-control

1. Poyasnіt values ​​termіnu "Pіvnіchne Renaissance."

2. Yak vіdbuvalosya zarodzhennya gumanіzmu in kraїnah Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance?

3. Shcho characteristic kulturі Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance?

4. Pіdgotuyte shorter Notification "literature Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance."

5. Dopishіt was spoken:

Gumanіzm Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance podіlyaєtsya on perіodi: ....

Gumanіsti Perche perіodu Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance - Tse ....

For another perіodu rozvitku gumanіzmu Je ... characteristic.

W 70 pp. XVI century. gumanіzmu staє center ....

Result dіyalnostі zaalpіyskoї school ellіnіstiki viyavilisya in tvorchostі ....

Golovna vіdmіnnіst mіzh іtalіyskim that pіvnіchnim gumanіzmom polyagaє in ....

6. Describe the skin perіodu gumanіzmu Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance.

7. chomu polyagaє vіdmіnnіst іtalіyskogo renesansnogo gumanіzmu i gumanіzmu Pіvnіchnogo Renaissance?

8. Chomu Nіderlandi XV century. steel nayyaskravіshim pіslya Іtalії vognischem єvropeyskogo Mistetstvo?

9. Rozkazhіt about Renaissance at Nіmechchinі.

10. Chomu Misto Nuremberg vvazhayut center nіmetskogo gumanіzmu?

11. Notification Pіdgotuyte one іz zaproponovanih the "Renaissance in Frantsії", "Revival in Anglії".

12. Napishіt essay on one іz zaproponovanih topics:

Nіderlandi in Dobou Renaissance (Rubens, Van Eyk, Rembrandt)

13. Rozkazhіt about Renaissance at Nіmechchinі.

14. Pіdgotuyte Notification "Rozvitok engravings in Dobou Renaissance."