home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Rozdіl 34 EKONOMІCHNІ aspects of global issues

§ 1. Sutnіst suchasnostі of global problems

Velikі ekonomіsti passed neodnorazovoї pіdkreslyuvali dіalek partially-i sotsіalnogo Yednist natural, natural i suspіlnogo on vsіh rіvnyah lyudskih vіdnosin. Lyudske suspіlstvo vnutrіshno pov'yazane s natural seredovischem through virobnichu dіyalnіst, yak deposits od FORMS sotsіalnoї organіzatsії second nature virob-nichih vіdnosin, vlastivih Pevnyi suspіlstvu. Viniknennya glo-ball problems pov'yazane yak s specific areas zhittєdіyal-nostі suspіlstva because i s specific sotsіalno-ekonomіchnim Sulphur dovischem de realіzuєtsya that chi іnsha sphere dіyalnostі people.

On viniknennya podіbnih problems Vpershe zvernuli uwagi zahіdnі vchenі in 60th Rokach XX century. Napriklad, R. Falk, A. Toffler, D. Meadows, J. Forrester, R. Heilbroner to global problems vіdnosyat dosit vuzke colo power -. Overpopulation of the planet, in violation ekologіchnoї rіvnovagi, visnazhennya resursіv. Takі vchenі, yak Leontєv V., E. Pestel, J. Tіnbergen, viznayuchi nayavnіst bagatoh global problems naygolovnіshoyu vvazhayut ekonomіchnu vіdsta-lіst kraїn scho rozvivayutsya. Kahn, J.. Phelps vvazhayut scho ne-eds lyudstvom stoїt blizko 20 global challenges, 9 of yakih- naygolovnіshі. Blizko to theoreticity obgruntuvannya global problems pіdіyshli vchenі kolishnogo CPCP Zagladіn B., D. Gvіshianі, M. Maximov, I. Frolov is the іn. Hoch points Zora їhnі not zavzhdi zbіga-yutsya i stink not completed rozrobku tsіlіsnoї kontseptsії have їhnіh ob gruntuvannyah imposed viznachennya reasons scho porodzhuyut glo-balnі problems kriterії, SSMSC give zmogu vidіliti їh Sered bezlіchі problems scho stand before lyudstvom; rozkrito concrete spetsifіchnі FORMS їhnogo Wink; signified vnutrіshnі zv'yazki i vzaєmozalezh-nostі mіzh okremimi problems that namіcheno Roads Ahead rozv'yazannya їh.

In global studies tsіlomu yak samostіyna Galuzo knowledge about Naiza-galnіshі, planetarnі problemi i Suchasnyj maybutnogo rozvitku lyudskoї tsivіlіzatsії is staying in protsesі formation.

Problems of vzaєmovіdnosin Helsinki Human suspіlstva i s i by nature itself suspіlnih vіdnosin klasifіkuyut yak globalnі, Yakscho: a) the stench toil zagalnosvіtovy harakterі tobto stosuyutsya іnteresіv usіh abo znachnoї groupies powers; b) nerozv'yazannya їh viklikaє zagrozu lyudstvu, regression in the minds Zhittya people, rozvitku productive forces; c) i stink potrebuyut nevіdkladnih rіshuchih Act reasonably to osnovі co-selectivity i skoordinovanih zusil svіtovogo tovaristva. Global-nіst - not geografіchne ponyattya. Vaughn oznachaє scho podіbnі problems mi stosuyutsya іnteresіv usіh klasіv i verstv population usіh kraїn i narodіv planets vplivayut on OAO All spherical suspіlnogo Zhittya i od-bivayutsya Pevnyi mіroyu stanі on the right at vsіh parts of the world.

For such globalnі problemi podіlyayut Find our three-ri dії sphere.

Ak pershoї spherical nalezhat problems SSMSC vinikayut in sferі vzaєmodії Nature i suspіlstva. Sered them: nadіyne zabezpechennya lyudstva sirovinoyu, energієyu, food toscho, zberezhennya natural navkolishnogo seredovischa, osvoєnnya resursіv Svіto-Vågå ocean ovolodіnnya kosmіchnim spaciousness. Round-about Tsikh problems zakladenі in tendentsіyah i zakonomіrnostyah rozvitku svіtovih productive forces SSMSC spriyayut yak rozshirennyu mozhlivostey for-dovolennya potreb in Helsinki Human zasobah іsnuvannya so i zrostannyu Old potreb viniknennyu novih i. Osoblivіst pererostannya Tsikh problems in globalnі polyagaє in fact scho sogodnі, yak nіkoli ranіshe, spozhivannya resursіv scho scho i vіdnovlyuyutsya not vіdnovlyuyutsya, dosyaglo velicheznih masshtabіv i harakterizuєtsya tendentsієyu to zrostannya away. Vinikla situatsіya, if s naybіlshoyu state-Trot viyavilasya superechnіst mіzh require suspіlstva in at-native Jerel іsnuvannya i mozhlivostyami Nature zadovolni-minute tsі required. Vіdnosna obmezhenіst natural resursіv robit neobhіdnim Poshuk radically rіshen problems scho sklalasya have svіtovomu masshtabі.

Before Druha spherical nalezhat problemi suspіlnih vzaєmovіdnosin and the Same: vіdnosin mіzh powers rіznih ekonomіchnih ustroїv, beneath-lannya ekonomіchnoї vіdstalostі bagatoh kraїn svitu, lokalnі, regіo-nalnі that mіzhnarodnі Creasy toscho. On Purshia plan Sered them VJ yshla regіonalnih konflіktіv problem, in addition to the powers chislі i scho rolling up rinkovih vіdnosin. About Tse svіdchat podії in co-CPCP superfluous, kolishnіy Yugoslavії on Blizkomu Shodі toscho. Vazhlivoyu zalishaєtsya on tsomu fonі problem vіdvertannya for-Menace zastosuvannya yadernoї zbroї. In rozv'yazannі tsієї problems at-іnteresovanі not tіlki powers, SSMSC toil nuclear missile poten-tsіal and second usієї peoples of the planet. Tіlki spіlnimi zusillyami mozhna vіdvernuti zagibel lyudskoї tsivіlіzatsії.

The third area - Helsinki Human rozvitok, zabezpechennya її maybutnogo. Vaughn ohoplyuє peredusіm problemi pristosuvannya suchasnoї people, nor to drain the natural i sotsіalnogo seredovischa, scho pid zmіnyuyutsya vplivom NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo Progreso, power suchasnoї Urbana-nіzatsії, Borotba s i epіdemіyami serious zahvoryuvannyami (Serce-in-sudinnimi, onkologіchnimi, SNІDom). The problem i Helsinki Human її May to Butnev vchenі rozglyadayut yak Taku global problems in yakіy kontsentruyutsya i bagatorazovo pіdsilyuyutsya OAO All INSHI problemi lyudskogo spіvzhittya. .

Klasifіkatsіya global problems of areas dії not oznachaє scho stink vіdokremlenі one od odnoї. Mezhі mіzh areas often ma-yut umovny character and okremі globalnі problemi zumovlenі pro-tsesami, scho th result vzaєmodії, skazhіmo not tіlki Nature i suspіlstva and second vzaєmovіdnosin mіzh powers. Napriklad sell-volcha crisis in tsіlomu ryadі malorozvinutih kraїn Je result not tіlki їhnogo vnutrіshnogo rozvitku and second spetsifіchnogo podіlu pratsі in svіtovіy sistemі Gospodarstwa, disgarmonії svіtovih Gospodar-skih zv'yazkіv. That used to yakoї nalezhala area is not that Chi-na іnsha global problem Won Got svoї FORMS superechnostey, disproportsіy that funktsіonalnoї nezbalansovanostі.

Cutaneous global problem Je ob'єktivnoyu for svoїm character i Got materіalnu basis. Process іnternatsіonalіzatsії Gospodar-skogo Zhittya, science, culture i polіtiki viznachayut zrostannya vzaєmozv'yazku okremih lanok svіtovogo Gospodarstwa, vzaєmozalezh-nostі powers i note by stanovlyat basis for mozhlivostі GLOBE lіzatsії okremih problems lyudskoї tsivіlіzatsії. When nayavnostі soup-rechnostі mіzh: svіtovim ekonomіchnim rozvitkom i sotsіalnim pro-Gres lyudstva vinikayut ob'єktivnі reason for peretvorennya mozhlivostі globalіzatsії on її realnіst, tobto emergence of global problems. Napriklad, rozv'yazavshi colo great problems at the Branch of Applied doslіdzhen funktsіonalnih i, i tehnіki tehnologії, science-in-tehnіchny progressive vodnochase zooms appears complex novih require putting novі zavdannya, SSMSC in the minds temple stage INTER-natsіonalіzatsії gospodarskogo Zhittya Nabeul global characteristics RU. STR W rozvitkom Postal GOSTR problem receptionists navkolish Demba-seredovischa, nevіdkladnogo rozv'yazannya potrebuє problem sirovinnih Jerel that іn.

Krіm it is manifested i zagostrennya global problems vpliva-yut realnі concrete іstorichnі minds. Without urahuvannya sotsіal-faktorіv them, spetsifіki suspіlnogo arrange okremih powers to non-mozhlivo kіntsya z'yasuvati are dzherela i Tsikh problems.

Otzhe at analіzі global problems slіd vrahovuvati zagalnі zakonomіrnostі іstorichnogo processes; zagalnі tendentsії rozvitku productive forces vplivu them STR; sotsіalnі factors. For Tsikh minds optimally rozv'yazannya global problems potrebuє poєd-nannya NAUKOVO tehnіchnih-i-sotsіalno polіtichnih faktorіv in єdi mehanіzm-tions, the basis yakogo stanovitimut kolektivnі dії usіh der zhav. Koordinatsіya zusil storіn scho take fate in rozv'yazannі global problems gruntuєtsya on viznachennі a feasible vnesku kozhnoї s kraїn that drain uchastі Square od rіvnya ekonomіchnogo rozvitku i sotsіalnogo arrange її.