home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Philip Orlik (1710-1742)

The death of Hetman Mazepa Іvana has been viewed by a new disaster for Ukraine. Old, ailing, prikuty to lіzhka, pіn zalishavsya hetman to kіntsya, power Svoge authority strimuyuchi grupu ukraїntsіv scho filed for emіgratsіyu, od moral authority rozkladu i vplivayuchi Svoge Ymenu the young King Charles XII.

According smertі Hetman pochavsya Sered emіgrantіv nespokііі. Vіn zalishiv velikі Skarby in gold coins, precios, getmanskih іnsignіyah. Pokey CCB zhivy hetman, nіhto tsіkavivsya not by nature that pohodzhennyam Tsikh skarbіv, more to the old hetman traditsіyami not robiv rіznitsі mіzh "Privat" i "fіskom". Pіslya yogo smorti Postal Meals: hto weight їh uspadkuvati? Chi stink nalezhat derzhavі, yak Reigning Foundation, Chi personally toil getmanovі i go to yogo єdinogo spadkoєmtsya, nebozha Andrіya Voynarovskogo.

Spetsіyalna have been called to come Benderska front fee, scho s skladalas polskogo General Stanіslava Ponyatovskogo, shvedskogo Genrіha Chancellor Muller, Chamberlain Klіngershtіrna i Rudnick background Cohen. virіshila on pіdstavі svіdchennya Voynarovskogo kinsman, lord Mazepin maєtkіv Bistritskogo scho yogo Mazepinі Skarby e Private vlasnіstyu. Pіznіshe Bistritsky writing CCB sheet Karpovі XII, Where Money Does zasvіdchiv scho submitting nepravdivі zіznannya. Ale vzhe Bulo zapіzno. Skarby dіstav Voynarovsky, i in znachnіy mіrі note Bula viznachena further share emіgratsії, yak zalishilasya without nіyakih zasobіv.

In 1710 rotsі referring to general clerk of Hetman Orlyk. Tse LUVs one іz nayvidatnіshih dіyachіv HUІІ-HUІІІ Art., Samovіddany ukrainian patrіot, yaky all Zhittya prisvyativ borotbі Zi nezalezhnіst Ukraine. Vіn pohodiv іz cheskogo old one lіnіya yakogo served until Polschі. Vіn narodivsya 1672 rock on Vіlenschinі, vchivsya in Kiєvo-Mogilyanskіy kolegії i CCB uchnem slavetnogo vchenogo Stephen Yavorskogo, scho LUVs pіznіshe "mіstseblyustitelem" patrіyarshogo throne in Moskvі. Orlik pratsyuvav in Generalnіy Vіyskovіy Kantselyarії, de yogo th pіznav otsіniv Mazepa. W 1700 roku becoming vіn general clerk i one іz nayblizhchih i naybіlsh dovіrenih people Hetman. Vіn nalezhav to novoї formatsії Mazepin spіvrobіtnikіv not zv'yazany s genera Petty Officer (krіm shlyubu s daughter Poltava Colonel Gertsik) i vsіm CCB zobov'yazany svoїl zdіbnostyam that getmanskіy lastsі. Dovgy hour vіn єdiny CCB utaєmnicheny in polіtichnі plyani Mazepa st zalishivsya vіrnim Yomou to death.

Obrannya on Hetman in 1710 rotsі not Bulo tіlki accolades for Orlik vono Bulo great tyagarem, bіlshim tim, scho not dіstav vіn nіchogo Zi skarbіv Mazepa i vves hour CCB guilty vitrachati vlasnі groshі.

On the day viborіv Orlik skhvalena Bula Derzhavna konstitutsіya pid titles "Konstitutsіya rights i svobіd Zaporіzkogo Vіyska". The main points її - progoloshennya Nezalezhnosti Ukrainy od Polschі that of Moscow. Another point Bulo vstanovlennya Kozatska parlyamentu yaky MAV sklikatisya trichі on Year; krіm Generalnoї Starshinov to Demba Mali vhoditi predstavniki od Zaporіzhzhya that one predstavnikovі od skin regiment

Kozatskyi parlyament obmezhuvav Vlad Hetman i robiv h Ukraine konstitutsіynu Power Charles XII pіdtverdiv skhvalenu konstitutsіyu i became guarantor Square Ukraine Tsya konstitutsіya in yakіy garmonіyno poєdnano Interests Hetmanate, stariptni yak provіdnoї verstvi Ukraine, that Zaporіzhzhya, yak її vіyskovoї Sealy, has been viewed in the same hour manіfestom derzhavnoї Volya ukraїnskoї natsії before tsіlim cultural svіtom, bula "vіkopovnim pam'yatnikom ukraїnskoї great-power polіtichnoї pillows" - so harakterizuє Bendersku konstitutsіyu O. Ogloblin.

Konstitutsіya obmezhuvala rights to Hetman korist starshinskoї aristokratії i exactly vstanovlyuvala, yakimi pributkami Mauger koristatisya hetman. Konstitutsіya pridіlyala takozh uwagi mіschan encampment, that the Commonwealth kozakіv - "poor people." In tsіlomu Bula won Peremoga starshinskoї aristokratії over getmanskim absolutism i for virazom O. Ogloblina, bula "friend porazkoyu. . . Hetman Mazepa pіslya Poltava disaster, yak zavdala great impact getmanskіy vladі ".

Before tsogo mozhna Add your scho appeared її negayno pіslya Polatvskoї catastrophic Mauger in znachnіy mіrі poyasniti, chomu sama plyani great hetman arrogant porazki: Won svіdchit scho vіn not mav pid him solid ground, not MAV seredovischa on yak mіg spiratit not MAV i tієї Seeley, a yak could b primusiti OAO All seredovischa skhilyatisya before her.

Getmanuvannya Orlyk proyshlo Pose With Ukraine, ale in borotbі for її nezalezhnіst. Pershi Rocky pіslya Poltava catastrophic Charles XII Orlik i prisvyatili shirokіy diplomatichnіy dіyalnostі: Charles XII - have Tsargorodі, Orlik - in Cream, perekonuyuchi Skhid scho Moscow - spіlny vorog. 1710 rock LUVs pіdpisany the Federal dogovіr mіzh Cossacks i Krymska Khan, Yakima vіn viznavav nezalezhnіst Ukraine i zobovyazuvavsya not pripinyati vіyni s Moscow without Zgoda getmayaa. Donskі Cossacks Hetman od mali zalezhati. Grigorіy Gercik, General osaul, їzdiv to Kuban, to the Sultan that Kubanskogo donskih kozakіv-rebelyangіv s Nekrasov on cholі. Gіrshі naslіdki Mali discuss it s Poles SSMSC not send out to the pogodzhuvalisya Pravoberezhzhya Ukraїnі.

In 1710 listopadі rock Turechchina Vote vіynu Moskovschinі. In pohodі took fate velikі Seeley. Krіm Krymska Khan yshov yogo syn. Kubansky Sultan. Metoyu campaign Bulo zavolodіti Voronezh, boule de korabelnі, ale tsієї methylene dosyagneno not. Tatari took Yasir i turned to Cream.

Pіznіshe viyshla up Ukraine on the Right Bank of Nova koalіtsіya: Orlik, Gordієnko s Cossacks polske vіysko pid wire Ponyatovskogo that Budzhatsky Sultan, takozh syn Krymska Khan. Allies dosyagli Bіloї Church Ale N zdobuti not zmogli: budzhatskі Tatari zradili i, zabirayuchi that Yasser plyundruyuchi Mista th village, on pіshli svoї zemlі. Orlik i zaporozhtsі primushenі turn the boule to Beyader to svoєї headquarters.

1711 rock Petrova armіya dosyagla Prut, ale there її otochili Tatari, Turks, Poles th ukraїntsі. Encampment Peter zdaval, bezvihіdne Bulo, ale Yomou vіdkupitis away. On pіdstavі global agreement Turechchina dіstala Ozіv and Petro 1 zrіksya Zaporіzhzhya that Pravoberezhnoї Ukraine. The Swedes did not dіstali nіchogo. Neyasnі virazi agreement gave mozhlivіst in rіznomu yogo tlumachiti, i Orlik arguments, Moscow scho guilty bula s ustupitisya Lіvoberezhnoї Ukraine. Turechchina rozpochala nova vіynu s Muscovy, Ale znovu vіdkupivsya Petro, to pay 100,000 "Red" for those scho Turechchina recognized Yomou rights Lіvoberezhnu up Ukraine. Viznannya Turechchinoyu in 1712 p. Orlik Valadar Pravobіchnoї of Ukraine did not give nіchogo: Pravoberezhzhyam zavolodіla flattered.

Roku 1714 Orlik viїhav s Charles XII to Shvetsії. Pіslya of vіn alive in Nіmechchinі then znov in Turechchinі in Salonіkah. All svoє Zhittya prisvyativ ekzilny Hetman Ukraїnі, namagayuchis perekonati єvropeyskih dіyachіv, yak Velika nebezpeku Nese Europe zmіtsnennya Moscow. Pіslya zakіnchennya Pіvnіchnoї vіyni Maskovskiy kingdom peretvorilosya on Rosіysku іmperіyu іz capital on the banks of the Nevi, St. Petersburg. Tsya іmperіya s most cob viyavlyala іmperіyalіstichnі nahili, i sacrifice їh rtala UKRAINE. Rosіyska іmperіya vvazhala currently spadkoєmnitseyu Maskovskiy kingdom - PІ Rome. Orlik namagavsya stvoriti koalіtsіyu єvropeyskih powers against Russie - іz Shvetsії, Turechchini, Krim. Osoblivі of Hope pokladav vіn on Frantsіyu King yakoї, Ludwik XV, odruzhivsya s daughter Stanіslava Leschinskogo. Projects koalіtsії Orlik Hetman Brav to uwagi, Budzhatsku Horde Sich, Donske kozatstvo, astrahanskih that volzkih Tatars.

30 rіchna dіyalnіst ekzilnogo Hetman is not small practicality naslіdkіv, ale vіn bagato Zroby in іdeologіchnomu vіdnoshennі: wider in Evropі іdeyu nezalezhnoї Ukraine, potrіbnoї for Europe, for єvropeyskoї rіvnovagi proti schoraz silnіshoї Russie. Prace Orlyk yogo i sina, General frantsuzkoї armії Grigor Orlik, Bula vayaiіiva i s іnshogo Look: stink target traditsіyu mazepintsіv-emіgrantіv, apostolіv Ukraїnskoї Nezalezhnoї powers, SSMSC Dovgy hour lyakali Mogutnov Rosіysku іmperіyu.