home History Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Istoria Ukrainy - Polonska-Vasilenko Natalіya: Volume 2

Poltavska disaster

Poltava small great significance for the course of Orthopedic; Won stood on skhreschennі shlyahіv іz Zaporіzhzhya, Cream, Turechchini, Pravoberezhnoї Ukraine, Don, Moskovschina. Hto volodіv Poltava, volodіv Pіvdennim Lіvoberezhzhyam. Krіm addition to Poltavі boule velikі reserves harchіv, forage, odyagu, SSMSC Zroby slit Mazepa. Prote, Poltava viznala Skoropadskogo Vlad, i stood in nіy great Maskovskiy collateral, yak all zbіlshuvav Petro. Sprobi take Misto storm abo obіogoyu boule nevdalі. Karl XII virіshiv zakіnchiti the right of the General boєm.

Sealy protivnikіv boule nerіvnі. Petro MAV time s ukraїnskimi shelves Skoropadskogo Ponad 50,000 voyakіv of 72 Garmata. In vіysku Skoropadskogo CCB Povernennya іz sibіrskogo zaslannya Bіlotserkіvsky Colonel Simon Palіy, now ranzі Colonel Ohochekomonnogo shelf. Koristi od Palіya not Bulo, ale vіn standing on a prominent mіstsі on konі, yak symbol kolishnoї glory. Ukrainian shelves bezposerednoї did not take part in the battle, sluzhachi reserve for dіyuchoї Chastain armії. Shvedіv Bulo not bіlshe yak 25.000 and bіlsha Chastina їh artilerії zaginula pid Lіsnoyu. Krіm of brakuvalo naboїv, stocks yakih zalishilis in Baturinі. Vіysko Bulo vtomlene Suvorov winter that beznadіynіstyu zagalnoї situatsії. For shvedskoyu slavetnoyu armієyu not standing reserve; Won vіdrіzana od Batkivshchyna, stood on chuzhіy teritorії, otochena witch population. In such minds tіlki miracle could vryatuvati shvedіv, i stink vіrili in miracles, in schaslivu zіrku Svoge King. On famously, legkovazhny i ​​neoberezhny Charles XII of kіlka dnіv to poїhav oglyadati combat outpost i CCB grievously wounding in the leg.

Shvedska armіya OPIN mіzh dvoh vognіv: Poltava - s one side - great Maskovskiy armіya i - s another. Charles XII spodіvavsya rozpochati bіy 29 chervnya (Art. Art.) Ale dіstav Notification scho Petro pochne stepping chervnya 28. Todі vіn virіshiv an opened bіy 27th, reports komanduvannya generalovі Renshіldovі. King brought to the battle field on noshah. Vіyska Mazepa that zaporozhtsі, roztashovanі bilja with. Pupіkarіvki - s one side - nedaval mozhlivosti poltavskіy zalozі priєdnatisya to moskovskoї dіyovoї armії and other s - zahischali shvedsku armіyu od obhіdnogo maneuver witch vіysk.

On svіtanku 27 Pocha chervnya Swedes stepped on zemlyanі ukrіplennya, ale, not zvazhayuchi on horobrіst, zdobuti їh not zmogli. Charles XII virіshiv obіyti tsі ukrіplennya - i znovu nevdachі arrogant. Vtrati boule Duzhe velikі i tse Primus shvedіv vіdstupiti to Budischenskogo lіsu, pereshikuvatis dwellers there. On the 9th godinі wound pochavsya rіshuchіy bіy Where Money Does perevaga viyavilas on botsі Maskovskiy forces. artilerіya zasipala shvedіv doschem cores vіdpovіdati on yaky Swedes could not, i rushed to hand to hand bіy. Ale їh spіtkalo basis neschastya: Garmatnaya core rozbilo noshі Karl XII. Vіn znayshov in sobі Sealy sіsti tops, ale horse pid them scored. King fell to the ground i yogo vinesli nepritomnogo s battle. Tse viklikalo Sered shvedіv panіku. A terrible onslaught that Guragan Vaughn artilerії Maskovskiy vіysko Primus їh vіdstupiti, zalishivshi tabіr that masu polonenih. For tsі vіsіm Godin overturned storіnka іstorії: Steel naybіlsha disaster in іstorії not tіlki Ukraine, and th vsієї Europe.

Peremoga Peter 1 Bula nespodіvana navіt for Demba itself. On polі battle zalishilosya shvedіv clogged 10,000: 3,000 in full i s taken them Field Marshal Count Renshіlda i Perche mіnіstra Count Pіppera. Dіstalisya to hand peremozhtsіv great zdobich she Archived. Maskovskiy vіysko vtratilo clogged that wounding Kolo 4,500 cholovіka.

Sp'yanіly uspіhom, Petro 1 hour deyaky zabuv about those, scho not all shvedska armіya in Yogo hands. Koristayuchi s tsogo, Charles XII, Mazepa i kіlka elders Gordієnko s Zaporozhets that reshtki shvedskoї armії vіdstupili on Pivden. 30 chervnya stink dіyshli to Perevolochnoї, spodіvayuchis pereїhati chovnami Dnipro i Endow to Krim. Ale viyavilosya, scho pid hour rozgromu Perevolochnoї znischeno mayzhe OAO All chovni. Tіlki Charles XII, Mazepa s honor is the small Chastina vіyska vstigli perepravitisya on the right bank Dnipra. Rasht shvedskogo vіyska, pid command of General Lewenhaupt, zdal Menshikov, yaky gnavsya him kіnnotoyu h. The full dіstalosya slit 16.000 shvedіv of 28 Garmata. Factuality armіya Charles XII stopped іsnuvati.

Fatal rolyu vіdіgrav in іstorії campaign of Charles XII at up Ukraine Lewenhaupt, progravshih pid Lіsnoyu, denote by sutі Bula pererіshena share campaign. Vіn zdavsya in full s 16,000 vіyska, slavetnoyu pіhotoyu Charles XII todі, yak slit does not bula viklyuchena mozhlivіst on Peremohy uniquely Mensch chiselno kіnnotoyu Menshikov that Cossacks Skoropadskogo.

Velichezna literature prisvyachena Poltavskіy katastrofі. Rosіyskі, Ukrainian and ostannіm hour shvedskі іstoriki wrote i write about qiu podіyu, in rіznomu її visvіtlyuyuchi. Ale bezperechne odne: Won poklal Mezhuyev in іstorії Moskovskoї that Ukraїnskoї powers. Poltavska disaster, the words of M. Grushevskogo, "has given the kingdom Rosіyskomu not tіlki rіshuchu Peremoga in Shіdnіy Evropі, ale yogo phnula to stitch іmperіyalіzmu, ekstensivnoї polіtiki, i novih zavoyuvan priluchen on tsіlі. . . stolіttya ".

For Ukraine Tse bula kolosalnoe disaster. Vizvolnі plyani її zruynovanі. Ale іm'ya Mazepa zalishilosya for on pokolіn symbol Borotba for nezalezhnіst Ukraine.

Emіgratsіya i death Іvana Mazepa

6 Lipnya 1709 roku i Mazepa Charles XII boule in Ochakovі and serpnya pereyshli 1 to Bender, de turetsky Uryadov priznachiv їm Location perebuvannya. W Mazepa boule tіlki Orlik s homeland, Lomikovsky, Voynarovsky, Gorlenko Mirovich Gercik, Gordієnko i slit kіlka elders.

Getman pribuv to Bender already ailing zovsіm i did not get up lіzhka h. Sealy shvedіv not boule vicherpanі: Charles XII Checa novih vіysk іz Shvetsії i hotіv prodovzhuvati vіynu s Peter. Mazepa vіriv in mozhlivіst uklasti koalіtsyu powers for Borotba h Moscow.

21 Veresnya 1709 rock Bender upokoїvsya Ivan Mazepa. Pohovano Hetman spochatku bilja Bender and pіznіshe moved to yogo remains Monastery in Galatsі. W it zіyshov Zi svitu one іz nayvidatnіshih dіyachіv Ukraine, Lyudin viynyatkovih admіnіstrativnih she diplomatically zdіbnostey. Vіn pragnuv stvoriti s Square Ukraine Power zahіdnoevropeyskogo type s absolutely Vladoiu ruler - Prince Hetman chi. Up Ukraine hotіv vіn pіdnesti on Visokiy rіven culture. Ukraїnska Kolegіya for yogo bula getmanuvannya pіdvischena on rіven Academy. Pishnі Budova, bliskuchy style "baroque mazepinskogo" prikrashali not tіlki Kiev that Chernіgіv, ale th INSHI Mista. Bagatі Dari in manastirі roznosili glory that Ukraine її Hetman. Evil has put the share yogo Contrary to Peter 1, scho takozh pragnuv pіdnesennya svoєї powers i scho in tsomu dvoboyu viyshov a winner.