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Fіzіologіya i psihologіya pratsі - Krushelnitska YV

Metodi vivchennya uwagi

In protsesі pratsі OAO All vlastivostі uwagi zaznayut dinamіchnih for Change i dosit adequately vіdbivayut rіven pratsezdatnostі pratsіvnika. Tom doslіdzhennya pokaznikіv uwagi protyagom robochem day neobhіdne for otsіnki dinamіki pratsezdatnostі pratsіvnikіv virobnichih in individual minds.

Rіven stіykostі that kontsentratsії uwagi vivchaєtsya method "pereplutanih lіnіy". The image on the form h 25 pereplutanih lіnіy neobhіdno prostezhiti hіd kozhnoї lіnії i in kіntsevіy її tochtsі postaviti that samy number yaky stoїt on the cob. On vikonannya zavdannya daєtsya 7 xB. Otsіnka robots in zdіysnyuєtsya od balls 1 to 9 (1 point 7 vіdpovіdaє correctly vіdstezhenim lіnіyam, balіv 9 - 25 lіnіyam). In virobnichih minds mozhna obmezhiti hour vikonannya zavdannya 2 xs and otsіnku zdіysnyuvati for tribal system: p'yat correctly vіdstezhenih lіnіy - vіdmіnno, Vier - good, three - zadovіlno.

Obsyag uwagi vivchaєtsya method "vіdshukuvannya numbers." Pratsіvnik guilty exchange glances form table od s numbers 1 to 40, 25 rozmіschenimi klіtkah dovіlnomu in order i have zapisati INCREASING order vіdsutnі on Form 15 numbers (Fig. 5.4).

Robot vikonuєtsya protyagom 1.5 xs. Vrahovuyutsya produktivnіst (correctly found the number for Tsei hour) i yakіst robots (pomilkami Je omission of that information recorded incorrect number) yak vіdnoshennya correct information recorded numbers up to 15. Zastosovuyutsya takozh forms tablitsі-od s numbers 1 to 70 in 49 klіtkah. Trivalіst robots becoming 4 xs.

Prostіshim Je method Schulte - vіdshukuvannya INCREASING numbers in order od 1 to 25 tablitsі in yakіy stink rozmіschenі dovіlno (Figure 5.5.). Yakscho pratsіvnik spravlyaєtsya zavdannyam h in 30 seconds, then Demba great obsyag uwagi, od 30 to 44 - serednіy for 45 i bіlshe - obsyag uwagi duzhe malies.

For vivchennya stіykostі, rozpodіlu i uwagi switching vikoristovuyutsya rіznomanіtnі korekturnі bukvenі tablitsі - Anfіmova, Konovalova, Іvanova-Smolenskogo (dodatki 1, 2, 3).

Napriklad have korekturnіy tablitsі Anfіmova in yakіy 40 rows nalіchuєtsya 40 letters (a, c, e and k, n, s, x), pratsіvnik guilty exchange glances cutaneous row i vіdpovіdnim way zakresliti Dvi letters, and one circle kіltsem (c and j).

On vikonannya zavdannya daєtsya 5 xs. Results of the work viznachayutsya kіlkіstyu exchange glances; zakreslenih correctly; missed; zakreslenih wrong letters i harakterizuyutsya produktivnіstyu that yakіstyu.

Shvidkіst vikonannya zavdannya obchislyuєtsya of the formula:

de V - shvidkіst, letters / sec; N - zagalna Quantity exchange glances letters; t - h s.

Pokaznik uwagi (at vіdsotkah) obchislyuєtsya of the formula:

de t - Quantity pomilok (i propuschenі wrong zakreslenі letters).

Pokaznik uwagi: nizky - less then 37%; serednіy - 37-50%; Visokiy - bіlsh yak 51%.

Pokaznik produktivnostі robots viznachaєtsya of the formula:

de E - pokaznik produktivnostі; K - koefіtsієnt of Quality.

Koefіtsієnt of Quality Robot obchislyuєtsya of the formula:

de n - Quantity zakreslenih correct letters.

Obviously, for scho vіdsutnostі pomilok koefіtsієnt of Quality dorіvnyuє odinitsі for nayavnostі pomilok vіn zavzhdi Mensch per unit.

For viznachennya pokaznikіv uwagi vikoristovuєtsya switching technique "vіdshukuvannya numbers z Switching" (Schulte technique). In kvadratі, podіlenomu 49 klіtok, in order dovіlnomu rozmіschenі nintendo 24 i 24 Cervone number. Bilja skin of stoїt letter. Krіm tsogo form, pratsіvnikovі daєtsya ot form for reєstratsії vіdpovіdey in viglyadі dvoh columns - nintendo i Cervone numbers. When tsomu chervonі number rozmіschenі have INCREASING and chornі - spadnomu in order. Before pratsіvnikom put zavdannya vіdshukuvati in tablitsі on cherzі chervonі i chornі numbers Pershi in order zrostannya, drugі in order decay. Napriklad, Cervone number "1", potіm nintendo number "24", Cervone - "2", Chorny -.. "23" i, etc. Pіslya vіdshukannya skin of neobhіdno in vіdpovіdnu column zapisati letter yak stoїt of order s it. Result robots otsіnyuєtsya trivalіstyu hour spent on її vikonannya, yaky transferred from Bali (Mensch yak 4 xs - 10 balіv, bіlsh Yak 10 xs - 1 point).

Zrazki blankіv up technique "vіdshukuvannya numbers z Switching"

Dinamіku pokaznika switching uwagi mozhna vivchati takozh by black-and-Cervone table Platonov on yakih, krіm numbers nanesenі koordinatnі poznachennya. Pereglyadayuchi table, pratsіvnik not zapisuє values ​​vіdshukuvanih numbers and deprivation їhnі coordinates. When tsomu poslіdovno cherguyutsya chornі i chervonі number - Pershi have INCREASING (1-25), and in drugі spadnomu order (24-1).

Fig. 5.7. table Platonov

Napriklad, nintendo number "1" slіd zapisati yak e2 and Cervone 24 - yak f2. Viznachaєtsya hour Robot i Quantity pomilok assumptions.

Prostіshoyu Je technique vivchennya switching uwagi for Relief Cervone-chornoї tablitsі Schulte-Platonov (without koordinatіv), if pratsіvnik spochatku nazivaє chornі INCREASING numbers in order (1-25), potіm chervonі spadnomu number in order (24-1) i nareshtі obidvі dії vikonuyutsya on cherzі (1 Chorny, 24 Cervone). Fіksuєtsya hour vikonannya zavdannya skin. Hour switching uwagi obchislyuєtsya yak rіznitsya mіzh hour vikonannya tert zavdannya i sumoyu vikonannya hour Persha i zavdan another.

On osnovі rezultatіv tsogo testuvannya mozhna viznachiti i koefіtsієnt kontsentratsії uwagi. For tsogo obchislyuєtsya shvidkіst vikonannya simple varіanta zavdannya (Pershe friend i) number / s:

de n1 - Quantity zaproponovanih numbers; T1 - Quantity pomilok; - hour vikonannya zavdannya with.

Shvidkіst vikonannya collapsible varіanta zavdannya (tretє) virahovuєtsya for tієyu samoyu formula:

Koefіtsієnt kontsentratsії uwagi viznachaєtsya of the formula:

Switching and takozh uwagi zoseredzhenіst doslіdzhuyutsya method "dodavannya numbers s switching." Perevagoyu yogo Yea those scho vіn not vimagaє zavchasnogo prigotuvannya blankіv. Pratsіvnikovі proponuyut dodavati two one-digit numbers i to gotuvati the following two numbers for dodavannya. Dodavati potrіbno EYAD ways. For Persha way pratsіvnik, Doda two numbers zapisuє odinitsі sumi s verhnіm of order number and verhnє s dvoh poperednіh dodankіv zapisuє below.

Napriklad,

For another way odinitsі sumi zapisuyutsya of order s nizhnіm number and nizhnє s poperednіh dodankіv carried Vgoru, tobto

Zavdannya vikonuєtsya protyagom 2-3 xB, and the way vikonannya cherguyutsya through kozhnі pіvhvilini. 20 i bіlshe dodavan for hvilinu in rіvnomіrnomu tempі svіdchit about Visoko shvidkіst psihіchnih protsesіv, 10 i less then - about їh spovіlnenіst. Pomilkami vvazhayutsya mimovіlne repetition robots poperednіm way nepravilnі sumi i pіdstanovka vipadkovih numbers scho vkazuє on nedostatnє switching uwagi.

Slіd zaznachiti scho efektivnіst trudovoї dіyalnostі bezposeredno deposits od uvazhnostі pratsіvnika, yak yogo staє stіykoyu vlastivіstyu. For uvazhnoї Helsinki Human characterized dovіlna pіslyadovіlna i uwagi, and spіlkuvannі s іnshimi people uvazhnіst viyavlyaєtsya in chuynostі i taktovnostі. Ob'єkti i processes, SSMSC pratsіvnik vidіlyaє vіdpovіdno to methylene i zmіstu pratsі, postupovo pochinayut domіnuvati in Yogo svіdomostі in zv'yazku s denote pogliblyuєtsya іnteres, posilyuєtsya motivatsіya i formuєtsya profesіonalіzatsіya uwagi. On vіdmіnu od uvazhnoї, neuvazhna Lyudin not vmіє zosereditisya on predmetі dіyalnostі not Mauger dovіlno regulyuvati uwagi, scho negatively on the results poznachaєtsya dіyalnostі. TAKE ponyattya Іsnuє takozh, yak rozsіyanіst uwagi, yak in viyavlyaєtsya

poverhovіy spryamovanostі Act reasonably, perestribuvannі od one ob'єkta to іnshogo, mіnіmalnіy volovіy regulyatsії dіyalnostі.

Znannya vlastivostey uwagi Got great significance for profesіynogo vіdboru, Especially for quiet profesіyah, SSMSC constitute visokі vimogi sama to Tsikh vlastivostey.