home Other disciplines Books Міжнародні розрахунки та валюні операції - Savluk M.І.

Міжнародні розрахунки та валюні операції - Savluk M.І.

7.5.2. See bank guarantees

At міжнародній практиці розрізняють two visible bank guarantees - payed by contractual guarantees.

Platyzhnyi guaranty vikoristovuyutsya at rozraunkah for vidkritim rahunkom y formi inkaso, with rozraunkah on the instants of commercial credit. The payment guarantees are to be vouched by guarantee banks in the payment of paid zobov'azan purchase (borzhnіv) schodo kruptsіv (creditors). Takі guaranty zahischayut інтереси експортерів. Pong shaping can Buti yak bezumovnimi (at rozrahunkah on the minds komertsіynogo loan, with rozrahunkah in formі іnkaso, Especially Yakscho pokupets Got mozhlivіst otrimati goods to yogo payment), SSMSC peredbachayut platіzh proti pershoї prostoї vimogi benefіtsіara so i umovnimi (at rozrahunkah bankіvskim perekazom) Tobto pobachachi filed pevnyh dokumentov, scho pididverdzhuyut vіdvantagzhenniya to the goods, proty yakih zdіysnyuetsya plizhizh for garantiiіyu (documentary guarantee).

With vistavlennnyi documentary guarantee banks guarantee to ask for letters of merchandise documentary order. In the course of the hour, the tendencies of the vicarious operation for documentary guarantees were manifested in the same way, for the documentary accreditations, for zastosovochi when they were low, the rules of the rules and documents for documentary accreditations.

Договірні (договоні) guaranty забезпечимть payment for any contracts (on the application, договір about postachannya to the goods, договір about наданя тієї чиніншої послуги тощо) и виставляються банками в забезпечення Інтересів Імпортера. Contractual guarantees, as well as documentary accreditation, are subject to unification. However, the implementation of unified rules to documentary guarantees is optional. Tsih of the rules to take part in this, if the parties are casually beaten by the parties at the time of the contract and in the guarantee itself, to be seized by the defense of the enemy. In addition, as a matter of fact, be the UPDG clause to supersede the right position, yak zastosovuyutsya to guarantee and yak the parties can not protect, then the position of the house, tobto zastosuvannya UPDG mozhe bouti obmenene norms of national legislation.

Prior to the basic types of contractual guarantees, the Nabis naibilshogo poshirnnia in the international transactions, to lie on the guarantee of advance payment, the guarantee of an undependable viconon to the contract that the tender guarantees (the guarantee of the tender tenders).

Guarantee pokonennya advance (guarantee of advance payments) seen by the bank for the doorkeeper's escorts (pidrjadnika), a kind of up to the minds of the contract otrimeno in advance povnu vartit product yo yogo part.

Sutnіstyu takoї garantії Je zobov'yazannya bank pіslya Povernennya sumi prepayments (abo yogo nevikoristanoї Chastain) in razі nevikonannya owner (pіdryadchikom) svoїh obov'yazkіv schodo postachannya product (zdіysnennya robіt) SSMSC zakrіplenі in kontraktі.

Guarantees of advance payment to be seen on the terminus of a peacock before fate, and receive your diy from the delivery of the object to the contract.

The sum of the guarantee of the advance payment to the advance payment, but often zmenshuyutsya at the mir prosuvannya robot abo zdіysnennya supplies for the contract, zhidno z ymovami yakogo zdіysnyuvayasya advance payments.

Rozmir prepay, as a rule, become 10 to 20% of the sum contract. Guarantees of the advance payment of the wage are stored in so-called forms, for the alleged stench was introduced to the buyer of the ticket to the seller of the pre-tax advance.

Duzhe often Yakscho contract peredbachaє delivery product Chastain (poetapne vikonannya robіt) obsyag zobov'yazan bank guarantor for the amount zmenshuєtsya vartostі vіdvantazhenogo eksporterom product (abo on the bag vartostі vikonanih pіdryadnikom okremih etapіv robіt). Otzhe, nazvanі garantії obov'yazkovo toil mіstiti statte about zmenshennya zobov'yazan in protsesі vikonannya product supply contract, pіdtverdzhenogo documents about deliveries (napriklad, bill of lading), abo at protsesі zakіnchennya robіt on ob'єktі, takozh pіdtverdzhenogo spetsіalnim sertifіkatom about zakіnchennya robіt.

Naybіlsh is a simple form of zobshennya zobov'azan 'for guaranteeing - tse vstanovlennya chіtkoї chasovoї degresiї, for example: "Guaranteed suma zmenshyєtsya kozhnі 6, 12, 18 і 24 місяці після вступпу в force щоразу на 25%." Most of orієntir for viznachennya skorochennya takes dіysny hіd robіt, napriklad, "Suma tsієї garantії skorochuєtsya automatic and 15% vartostі chastkovogo postachannya proti sent messages Bank of China vkazanih in akreditivі number 2398 dokumentіv about vіdvantazhennya, i rows її dії zakіnchuєtsya at Povny vikoristannі tsogo letter of credit" . Especially important is the accuracy of the formulary minds of the guarantors, yakis viznachayut, yak vidbuvatimetsya zmenshenya zobov'azan.

Naybіlsh доцільним для імпортера є використання безумовних гарантій поверння авансу. Oskіlki vіdpovіdno to the norms of law mіzhnarodnogo іmporter Got the right to advance the Povernennya podvіynoї sumi at nevikonannі eksporterom svoїh zobov'yazan for contract іmporteru dotsіlno vimagati vistavlennya garantії on the bag, yak dorіvnyuє podvіynomu rozmіru Sumi advances. However, in order to ensure that the exporter is free to hang out yak wits - togo wont I will turn on to submit a complaint to the court of arbitration, yak zobov'azuye exporter to turn over the advance yo yogo part.

Guarantee vikonannya (vikonannya agreement, contract) to see for the doorknenny exporter on the corridor importera. Умови зовнішньоторговельних контракскав зазвичай забавиють санкції, які застосовуться до эспортера (seller of the підрядника) у разі непоконання або або нележного виконання его своїх зобов'язань. Such sanctions are penalties. Guarantees vikonannya zabezpecchyt splash bank-guarantor sum of penalties for the benefit of beneficiary. It is also easier to look at the price of a pidrjadnogo budivnitsva, їх сума завжди not перевищує 10-15% від суми контракту.

Імпортери (закупці або замовники) зазвичь налялягають на виставленні on їх a corridor of insane guaranties виконання. However, it is advisable to bend before the guarantee, as well as to pay the payment on the basis of the special document (documents), but not about the untransferred by the exporter (the seller of the contract) of the minds to the contract. So, the parties are bound by the documents.

Guaranteed vikonannya, yak rule, before the actual (phizic) delivery of the subject of the contract to the moment until the moment of the appearance of the tribute to the chie. At the middle of the term, the name of the guarantee becomes two rock.

With viznachennyi terminu dii guaranty vikonannya vrahovuyutsya two principles:

• CHitke installed terminu. So, you can not exactly specify the date of the reservation of the term of guarantee, then in the contract with the purchase-sale, the contractual agreement on the vikonannya robit chi nadannya has been sent to the chitko vkazuvatis, until the apparent date vikonuetsya zobov'yazannya. Саме її вважають датою закінчення дії гарантії виконання.
• Prolongatsya . Yakschoo robot before the termination of the visa guarantee vikonan not vynon, the exporter can podovzhiti termіn dії guarantyі vikonannya. Yaksho vin tsyogo not rob, then the importer at bugatogh vipadkam vimagae prolongatsiї vіd bank, a kind of guarantor.

Garantyu vikonannya vimagayut on vipadok hryvnia shodo yakisti chi vikonaniyakh robot abo with the worst of deliveries to the goods.

Sum of guarantee vikonannya vsetonlyuetsya in vidosotkah to sumi contract (vid 5 to 20%) and ryuchuetsya y razi, if the buyer claims, but the seller did not disagree before the minds of the contract.

Слід піддкреслити, що гарантія виконання - це цебільш ризикований type of guarantee for the exporter (seller of the goods), oskilki importer (merchant abomination), vimagatime prodovzhennya terminu dії doti, doki vіn ponynistyu not be satisfied with the burdensome vikonannyam contract. Through those, nyolozhne vikonannya contract - ponyatte duzhe sub'ektivne, bahato zalezhaetimu vid bizozichlivisti most purchase.

Crim Describes the vises of the visions, the yakis nabili naybіlshogo поширення in the international roses, існують ще інші їх вид, які менш поширені і більш специфічні. Before them lay down:

Guarantee of a bill of lading (guarantee for embarking a bill of lading). Коносаменти, що необхідні для отримання товарів, mozhut zagubitisya abo zapiznitisya pіd hour poshtovoy perekazuvannya. Tse the kind of guarantee that there is a visa, if the payment is secured, and the goods are already pestering at the port of confession. At such times, the bank of the importer can provide the bills of lading with the cliche of the steamer to the freight forwarder, then take all the vitrage on him, he will pretend to be vain, he will not pretend to take the goods to the right of the goods. In this way, the bank guarantee is able to spontaneously change the vandage before the goods are delivered to him without pre-declaration of a bill of lading, osklilki vona zahischaє yogo y razi vimogi vіdshoduvannya zbitkiv.

The sum of the guarantee of a bill of lading is established in a rozmіrі war goods, plus a margin (from 150 up to 200% wartage). Termін дії гарантії не лімітуєється нo визначається until the moment of presenting the original bill of lading.

Mitna guaranty (guarantee of mine clearance, timchasovogo vveznenya) seen by banks for proruchennyam pidrjadnikiv for zabezpechennya without a limb tymchasovogo vvedennya obladnaniya abo materіalіv, neobhіdnih for budusvannya ob'ektiv chi sledanja інших робіт. Zazvichay tak oblasnannya pislya zakinchennia robit moe vivozitis. Yaksho vono not bude vivesen, the guarantee of a cleared cleansing is to secure the return of the payoff of the mitochondria.

Гарантія якості забезпечує імпортерові (покупцеві) гарантії у разі отримання неякісних товарів. Vona vidaketsya vipadok, yakshcho postachnik with zvernennny to nyogo all are not usune singers nedolikiv. Guaranteed to work in the role of insurance in the face of pretensions to buying up to the seller, vipadku has defects in transporting goods. The sum of guarantees is to enter into the contract itself and become 5 to 20% of the yog warts.

The guarantee of delivery is secured by an importer (purchase), but the seller does not deliver the goods, or do not put forward the service at the notation of terms. For his sutnistyu vona blizka to vikonantnya guarantee.

Guarantees obusgovovuvannya vikoristovuyutsya with укладенні договоів на будування об'єктів. Її meta - guarantor, scho після закінчення робіт будівельник виконає свої зобов'язання в період обслуговування об'єкта. So can guarantee vikoristovovatis up to the moment otrimannya groshe vid zamovnika.

Судова гарантія забезпечує витрати процесу і сторін під час судових процесів, які закінчуться на корсть судових інстанцій або сторін.

Guarantees of delayed arrests at the mayo (guarantee of safety). Yaksho on the basis of the debtor debentor to be imposed on, then you can vizhitiiti guarantee zabezpechennya call (napriklad, solidarne guarantee). Pislya tsyogo yomu znovu nadaetsya right rozporyadzhatisya tsimi tsinnostyami.

Self-control nutrition

• Scho is a bank guarantee and for someone to vikoristovuyutsya?
• Chim vіdriznyaetsya guarantee for pay zobov'yazannya?
• Do you want to benefit from the bank guarantee?
• Чим відрізняється пряма банківська гарантія від непрямої?
• Як здійснюється видча банківської гарантії?
• Yakі documents neobhіdno nadati for отримання банківської гарантії?
• At chomu polegorye pravorіnne vikoristana bankіvskoї garantіії?
• What bank guarantee is not visually practical?
• Yakі tipa that you can guarantee that you know?