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Global trading system: rozvitok іnstitutіv, rules іnstrumentіv COT - Tsigankova TM

2.2. Pov'yazanі s GATT 1994 bagatostoronnі lands s torgіvlі goods

2.2.1.Pravila torgіvlі sіlskogospodarskoyu produktsієyu

2.2.1.1. Role sіlskogo Gospodarstwa in svіtovіy ekonomіtsі

Rozvitok torgіvlі sіlskogospodarskimi goods pace zrostannya in ostannі Rocky uniquely vіdstaє od analogіchnih pokaznikіv eksportu tovarіv that poslug. Yakscho in 1985-1990 pp. schorіchnі growth rates eksportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії have become 9%, in 1990-2001 pp. stink znizilisya to 3%. In 2000, p. Tsey pokaznik deprivation becomes 1%, and in 2001 p. svіtovy eksport produktsії sіlskogo Gospodarstwa skorotivsya 1%. For perіod pp 1990-1995. obsyag svіtovoї torgіvlі sіlskogospodarskoyu produktsієyu zbіlshivsya 1.4 Razi pokaznik i 1995 roku in 583 billion. dollars. becoming a record in іstorії rozvitku mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі tsimi goods.

In 2001, p. obsyag svіtovoї torgіvlі sіlskogospodarskoyu produktsієyu becomes 547 billion. USD., and in Yogo chastka zagalnomu obsyazі svіtovoї torgіvlі goods sklala 9.1%. Slіd zaznachiti, scho passed for desyatirіchchya chastka tsya takozh znizilas: 1990 p. Won becomes 12.2%.

Slіd zaznachiti scho svіtovy eksport sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії IAW viklyuchno nerіvnomіrne regіonalne rozpodіlennya. So, fahіvtsі COT vidіlyayut shіst klyuchovih regіonalnih potokіv eksportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії:

  • Delivery vseredinі zahіdnoєvropeyskogo regіonu (172.8 billion dollars - 31.6% svіtovogo eksportu..);
  • Delivery vseredinі azіatskogo regіonu (60.5 billion US dollars - 11% svіtovogo eksportu..);
  • eksport s Pіvnіchnoї America Azіyu (34.0 billion - 6.2% svіtovogo eksportu..);
  • Delivery vseredinі Pіvnіchnoamerikanskogo regіonu (33.6 billion dollars - 6.1% svіtovogo eksportu..);
  • eksport s Latinskoї America Zahіdnu Єvropu (17.7 billion dollars - 3.2% svіtovogo eksportu..);
  • eksport s Latinskoї America Pіvnіchnu America (17.1 billion dollars -.. 3.1% svіtovogo eksportu).

Together tsі regіonalnі flows eksportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії stanovlyat Ponad 60% (61.4% - in 2001 r.) Svіtovogo eksportu tsієї tovarіv groupies.

Regіonalna structure svіtovogo sіlskogospodarskogo eksportu Je duzhe nerіvnomіrnoyu: Zahіdna Єvropa Azіya zabezpechuyut that 73.2% of deliveries in produktsії sіlskogo Gospodarstwa INSHI Kraina (Fig.).

Regіonalna structure svіtovogo eksportu i іmportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in 2001 p.

Fig. 2. Regіonalna structure svіtovogo eksportu i іmportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in 2001 p. []

Vazhlivo vіdznachiti scho Zahіdna Єvropa that Je Azіє not tіlki naybіlshimi eksporterami and the second bearing-down іmporterami sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії. And obsyagi іmportu uniquely perevischuyut obsyagi eksportnih supply. Before regіonu s perevazhayuchim іmportom nalezhit i Blizky Skhid. Regіonami s Positive torgіvlі balance sіlskogospodarskoyu produktsієyu Je Pіvnіchna that Latinska America. Regіon Tsentralnoї that Shіdnoї Єvropi, LICs that Baltії and takozh Africa can be viznachiti yak vіdnosno zbalansovanі schodo eksportu that іmportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії.

However danі schodo regіonalnoї structuring svіtovogo eksportu that іmportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії not give uyavlennya about znachimіst tsogo sector for regіonalnogo eksportu that іmportu. For tsogo dotsіlno rozglyanuti danі schodo chastki sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in zagalnomu eksportі / іmportі tovarіv and takozh in torgіvlі sirovinnimi products (Table 1).

tABLE 14

Chastka sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in eksportі / іmportі tovarіv that sirovini on regіonah svitu (%) []

Regіoni

Flea

Sirovina

Eksport

Іmport

Eksport

Іmport

Pіvnіchna America

10.5

6.0

58.3

32.7

Latinska America

18.1

9.3

45.6

45.7

Zahіdna Єvropa

9.2

9.9

56.0

46.6

The center is the Shіdna Єvropa, SND, Baltіya

8.7

10.5

21.0

43.1

Africa

14.7

15.3

20.5

56.9

Blizky Skhid

3.3

13.4

4.3

62.2

Azіya

6.7

9.7

46.7

35.0

Svit in tsіlomu

9.1

9.1

40.9

40.9

Danі tablitsі svіdchat about those scho for basic regіonіv, eksportuyuchih sіlskogospodarsku produktsіyu, yakimi Je Zahіdna Єvropa that Azіya, do not Won Je sphere viklyuchnoї spetsіalіzatsії: Pete Wagga її in eksportі tovarіv in Tsikh regіonah not perevischuє 10% (Zahіdna Єvropa - 9.2% and Azіya - 6.7%). And i tse stosuєtsya іmportu, obsyagi yakogo, yak vіdomo, perevischuyut eksport sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії s Tsikh regіonіv.

Zovsіm іnsha picture skladaєtsya for Latinskoї America that Africa: mayuchi vіdnosno nevelikі chastki in svіtovomu eksportі sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії, tsі regіoni spetsіalіzuyutsya on eksportі Tsikh tovarіv. So, in Latinskіy Ameritsі sіlskogospodarsky eksport becoming commodity eksportu 18.1%, and in Afritsі - 14.7%. Vazhlivoyu statte іmportu sіlskogospodarska Produkciya Yea for kraїn Blizkogo Immediately (13.4% іmportu tovarіv) that Tsentralnoї that Shіdnoї Єvropi, LICs that Baltії - 10.5% of commodity іmportu. In strukturі eksportu sirovinnih tovarіv sіlskogospodarska Produkciya zaymaє vazhlive Location in Pіvnіchnіy Ameritsі (58.3%), Zahіdnіy Єvropі (56.0%), Azії (46.7%) is the Latinskіy Ameritsі (45.6%), and in strukturі іmportu Won perevazhaє such regіonah, yak Blizky Skhid - 62.2%, Africa - 56.9%.

Svіtova organіzatsіya torgіvlі vidіlyaє 15 provіdnih eksporterіv that іmporterіv sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії (Table. 2).

tABLE 15

Provіdnі eksporteri that іmporteri sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in 2001r. (bn. USD.,%)

(with the hoards of danimi) [1]

Eksporteri

Obsyag

Chastka

Іmporteri

Obsyag

Chastka

ЄS (15)

235.51

39.7

ЄS (15)

213.53

39.0

Dodatkovy іmport

79.78

13.5

Dodatkovy eksport

57.81

10.6

USA

68,40

11.5

USA

70,02

12.8

Yaponіya

56.94

9.6

Canada

33.57

6.1

China

20.12

3.4

Brazilіya

18.43

3.4

Canada

15.55

2.6

China

16.63

3.0

Mexico

12.79

2.2

Avstralіya

16.56

3.0

Korea, Republic

12.50

2.1

Taїland

12.06

2.2

Hong Kong, China

11.06

-

Mexico

9.07

1.7

Spetsіalny іmport

6.43

1.1

Rosіyska Federatsіya

8.17

1.5

Taipei, China

6.99

1.2

Nova Zelandіya

7.97

1.5

Shveytsarіya

5.65

1.0

Malayzіya

7.19

1.3

Іndonezіya

5.35

0.9

Іndonezіya

7.02

1.3

Saudіvska Aravіya

5.01

0.8

Chilі

6.97

1.3

Malayzіya

4.83

0.8

Іndіya

6.41

1.2

Taїland

4.83

0.8

In p'yatіrku naybіlshih eksporterіv produktsії sіlskogo Gospodarstwa Inbox: Єvropeysky Union, USA, Canada, China Brazilіya that. Їh chastka in svіtovomu eksportі tsієї produktsії becoming 71.9%, and the time s іnshimi desyatma lіderami - 81.4%. When tsomu slіd zaznachiti scho Pete Wagga lіderіv in svіtovomu eksportі zbіlshuєtsya: Yakscho in 1980 p. Won becomes 72.8%, the pochinayuchi s 90 rokіv perevischuє 80%. Krіm of slіd slit vіdznachiti two suttєvih moment scho harakterizuyut Group "lіderіv" sіlskogospodarskogo eksportu. According au-Perche, in rіznitsya obsyagah eksportu vseredinі groupies perevischuє 10 razіv instead svіdchit about those scho on real lіderami svіtovomu Rinku sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії Je kraїn 5-8. In another way, the value sіlskogospodarskogo eksportu for okremih kraїn-lіderіv suttєvo vіdrіznyaєtsya: Yakscho in ЄS, the US is the Kanadі Pete Wagga eksportu sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії in zagalnomu commodity eksportі becoming vіdpovіdno 9.3%, 9.6% that of 12.9% in іnshih kraїnah Tsey pokaznik perevischuє 20-30%. And for such kraїn-lіderіv svіtovogo sіlskogospodarskogo eksportu yak Nova Zelandіya, Argentina is the yogo Chilі chastka in natsіonalnomu eksportu Je zagrozlivo great - 58.1%, 45.8% is the 40% vіdpovіdno.

Krіm groupies provіdnih ekspertіv sіlskogospodarskoї produktsії slіd vidіliti takozh sukupnіst kraїn for yakih eksport tsієї produktsії Je mainly tobto perevischuє 40% eksportnih supply. Until such kraїn nalezhat: Belіz (86.3%), Côte d'Іvuar (59.4%), Ekvador (49.4%), Efіopіya (84.2%), Guatemala (54.2%), Honduras ( 52.4%), Іslandіya (65.6%), Kenіya (61.3%), Madagascar (61.6%), Nіkaragua (70.7%), Paraguay (83.4%), Sudan (58, 5%), Uruguay (54.9%) is the Zіmbabve (59.6%).

Main іmporterami produktsії sіlskogo Gospodarstwa Je Kraina ЄS, USA, Yaponіya, China, Canada, Mexico, the Republic of Korea is the Rosіyska Federatsіya.



 
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