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Zovnіshnoekonomіchna polіtika - Temples VO

9.3. ІNVESTITSІYNA POLІTIKA

On rozrobku th realіzatsіyu zovnіshnotorgovelnoї yak, so i zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki іstotno vplivaє structurally іnvestitsіyna polіtika powers. Vaughn stimulyuє rozvitok prіoritetnih Galuzo Economy that virobnitstva, SSMSC mozhut become the basis mіzhnarodnoї spetsіalіzatsії Kraina i viznachiti її Location in mіzhnarodnomu podіlі pratsі th svіtovomu gospodarstvі. Actively pіdvischiti eksportny potentsіal Ukraine is the yogo zdіysniti diferentsіatsіyu nemozhlivo without polіpshennya іnvestitsіynogo klіmatu i zaluchennya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy vіdpovіdnі at the Branch Economy.

W 1992 r. nadіyshlo 3.2 billion dollars in ekonomіku Ukraine. Direct іnozemnih іnvestitsіy (PІІ) tobto 65 dollars. per capita (Fig. 9.1).

Until 1998, p. obsyagi іnozemnih іnvestitsіy Mali tendentsіyu to zrostannya. Pіslya ekonomіchnoї Creasy, 1998., Yak prizvela to pogіrshennya makroekonomіchnih pokaznikіv i negatively Items marked on stanі Economy of Ukraine in 1999 p., Chastina іnozemnih іnvestorіv vtratila dovіru to Ukraine and to obsyagi іnozemnih іnvestitsіy Pocha suttєvo zmenshuvatisya.

In 1999 the. clean prirіst PІІ becomes deprivation 437.2 million dollars., scho mayzhe vdvіchі (41.5%) less then, in 1998 the nіzh. (Table. 9.8).

Obsyagi іnvestuvannya do updates in the main kapіtalu until 1997 p. postіyno zmenshuvalisya i 1997 p. It has become one p'yatu rіvnya 1990 p. In 1998-1999 pp. dinamіka іnvestitsіy descho polіpshilas (tab. 9.9).

table 9.8

Clean prirіst PІT in Ukraine ekonomіku i Tempi zrostannya

table 9.9

Obsyag іnvestitsіy in major kapіtal (at porіvnyannih tsіnah)

* Rozrahovano danimi of the NBU (National Bank Bulletin -.. 1999. - № 12).

Pryamі іnozemnі іnvestitsії up Ukraine in nadhodyat іz 106 kraїn svitu. Naybіlshі for obsyagom іnvestitsії (Ponad 60%) in Ukraine for ekonomіku perіod s 1995 to 2000, p. vklali sіm kraїn svitu (tab. 9.10).

Naybіlshі obsyagi PІІ otrimuyut nutritive promislovіst Ukraine, vnutrіshnya torgіvlya, mashinobuduvannya i metaloobrobka, naymenshі - hіmіchna, naftohіmіchna promislovіst i budіvnitstvo (Table 9.11.).

H, 1998. іnozemnі іnvestitsії entice mainly in formі vneskіv penny. In 1994 r. stink have become 21.2% obsyagu zaluchenogo

table 9.10

Geografіchna structure GS ekonomіku in Ukraine

table 9.11

Galuzeva PІІ structure ekonomіku Ukraine

kapіtalu, in 1999 the. - Pіdvischilis to 45.7%. Іnvestitsії in formі Rukh that neruhomogo Lane skoroti s 69.3% zagalnogo obsyagu at 1994 p. to 28.8% in 1999 p. Zbіlshilis obsyagi vneskіv in formі tsіnnih paperіv i dosyagli 112.7 million dollars. (14.9% obsyagu zaluchenogo kapіtalu) in 1999 p. compared to 1.9 million dollars. (0.2%) in 1998 p.

Quantity of companies s іnozemnimi іnvestitsіyami zbіlshilas 2123 h at 1994 p. to 7362 in 1999 the. Rozpodіl PІІ for forms vlasnostі sightings in Fig. 9.2.

Obsyagi PІІ in Ukraine ekonomіku neznachnі th nedostatnі porіvnyano s scale virobnitstva Ukraine, nayavnіstyu natural resursіv, mіstkіstyu market analysis, kvalіfіkatsієyu robochoї Seeley.

Іnvestitsіyny klіmat in Ukraїnі zagalom malospriyatlivy for іnozemnih іnvestorіv.

In 1999 the. rіchny rіven іnflyatsії dosyag 19.2%; rіchna interest rates on loans for 1998 p. It becomes 54.4% for 1999 p. - 53.4%. Norma pributku on vkladeny kapіtal in budіvnitstvo plant in Ukraїnі becomes 21% Zi-of-line okupnostі 11 rokіv, and Єvropі Zahіdnіy - 38.6% Zi-of-line okupnostі 6 rokіv. Obsyag zovnіshnogo Sovereign Borg Ukraine on kіnets, 1999. dosyag 12.4 billion dollars. Such situatsіya not stvoryuє for Ukraine in perevag konkuretnіy borotbі s kraїnami Shіdnoї Єvropi that LICs for іnvestitsії rozvinenih kraїn.

For іnozemnih іnvestorіv in Ukraine ekonomіtsі privablyuyut takі aspects: vіdnosno Bhagat natural potentsіal, great mіstkіst vnutrіshnogo market analysis, nayavnіst kvalіfіkovanoї th porіvnyano deshevoї robochoї Sealy, vigіdnіst transit location Kraina. However nabagato bіlshe faktorіv scho vіdlyakuyut іnozemnih vlasnikіv kapіtalu: • nedoskonalіst i nestabіlnіst zakonodavstva, nedostatnіst reglamentatsії PROCEDURE bankrutstva, nezahischenіst іnteresіv іnozemnogo іnvestora, admіnіstrativna nevregulovanіst;

• polіtichna nestabіlnіst in kraїnі, protiborstva zakonodavchoї that vikonavchoї gіlok Vladi;

• neviznachenіst prіoritetіv rinkovoї transformatsії, nepered-bachuvanіst rozvitku situatsії in kraїnі;

• nerozvinenіst bankіvskoї system;

• povіlnіst protsesіv privatizatsії;

• Grand rizik vtrati pributku i Vlasnyi іnvestitsіy;

• nerozvinenіst virobnichoї i sotsіalnoї іnfrastrukturi scho stvoryuє problem teritorіalnoї optimіzatsії PІІ, zoseredzhuyuchi їh perevazhno have great mіstah i Promyslova centers;

• nedoskonalіst strahovoї Systems of Ukraine;

• nizky rіven Zhittya osnovnoї masi population;

• Problem-sotsіalno psihologіchnogo character bezvіdpovіdalnіst partnerіv that іn.

Іsnuє kіlka poglyadіv schodo viznachennya prіoritetnih napryamkіv іnozemnogo іnvestuvannya. For otsіnkami I. Blanca naybіlshu іnvestitsіynu privablivіst in dovgotrivalіy perspektivі matimut takі promislovostі the Branch:

• budіvnitstvo;

• kolorova that chorna metalurgіya, virobnitstvo naturalnoї shkіri, perfume and kosmetichna, alcohol (prіoritetnі);

• naftodobuvna, gas, mashinobudіvna, cement (dostatno іnvestitsіyno privablivі);

• hіmіchna, naftohіmіchna, virobnitstvo zbіrnogo zalіzobetonu, fruit ovocheva oil-seers (serednya іnvestitsіyna privablivіst);

• vugіlna promislovіst, torf'yana, elektroenergetika, virobnitstvo tsukru (nizka іnvestitsіyna privablivіst).

Galuzevі prіoriteti Derzhavnoї prog zaohochennya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy (1994 p.) Takі:

• agropromislovy complex virobnitstva i scho yogo zabezpechuyut;

• complex virobnitstv tovarіv national vzhitku i poslug sphere;

• palivno-energetichnі, metalurgіynі, hіmіchnі, naftohіmіchnі that derevoobrobnі virobnitstva.

Zgіdno іz Strategієyu ekonomіchnogo that sotsіalnogo rozvitku Ukraine on 2000-2004 Rocky planuєtsya dosyagti maximum spriyatlivogo іnvestitsіynogo seredovischa in Ukraїnі Shlyakhov:

• realіzatsії tsіlіsnoї Sistemi zahodіv, spryamovanih on posilennya dієzdatnostі powers, pogliblennya admіnіstrativnoї reform;

• usunennya deformatsіy poperednogo perіodu in sferі ekonomіchnih vіdnosin i been approved, efektivnoї kritichnoї masi rinkovih peretvoren;

• pogliblennya makroekonomіchnoї stabіlіzatsії that іnflyatsіynoї BEZPEKA;

• uniknennya away naroschuvannya sovereign Borg that zmenshennya yogo navantazhennya on vidatki Sovereign budget;

• zdіysnennya ekonomіchnih radically, is the legal organіzatsіynih zahodіv schodo rіshuchogo obmezhennya koruptsії that tіnovoї ekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі;

• zaprovadzhennya mehanіzmіv stimulyuvannya vnutrіshnogo market analysis, іnvestitsіynogo processes, aktivnoї regіonalnoї polіtiki.

Nezvazhayuchi GOSTR needful to Ukraine in kapіtalah PІІ h Ukraine (zarubіzhnі) 1 sіchnya 2000 r. It has become USD 98.3 million. (Fig. 9.3).

Pryamі іnozemnі іnvestitsії boule vkladenі at 121 pіdpriєmstvo. In Kraina LICs that Baltії Bulo contribution of 18.8 million dollars. (19.2%), in svitu INSHI Kraina - 79.5 million dollars. (80.8%). Galuzeva structure of Ukrainian іnvestitsіy taka: transportation - 64.8 million dollars. (65.9%); mashinobuduvannya i metaloobrobka - 7.5 million dollars. (7.6%); receptionists Health Protection, fіzichna culture that sotsіalne zabezpechennya - 4.1 million dollars. (4.2%); i derevoobrobna pulp and paperova promislovіst - 3.7 million dollars. (3.8%); hіmіchna promislovіst - 3.4 million dollars. (3.4%).

Naybіlshimi obsyagi іnvestitsіy boule іz Sevastopol (46.1 million USD.), Odeskoї oblastі (21.5 million dollars.) I of Kyiv (7,6 million dollars.).

Ninі ekonomіka Ukraine is staying in this stanі scho vivezennya great obsyagіv kapіtalіv for a cordon Wkra nebazhane. For vіdnovlennya virobnitstva potrіbnі velicheznі kapіtalovkladennya; for okremimi otsіnkami, ukraїnska ekonomіka potrebuє kіlka desyatkіv mіlyardіv dolarіv schorіchnih іnvestitsіy. Tom new Zep Ukraine Got stimulyuvati zaluchennya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy i peredbachati dotsіlne іnvestuvannya of Ukrainian kapіtalіv across the border. Tse spriyatime fіnansuvannyu zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі Ukraine i zmіtsnyuvatime її eksportny potentsіal.

One іz prіoritetіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі Ukraine Je stvorennya vіlnih ekonomіchnih zones (Wes). Supreme Radoyu Ukraine rozrobleno Programs stvorennya in Ukraїnі spetsіalnih (vіlnih) ekonomіchnih zones 1999-2001 Rocky. Meta tsієї prog - Reigning viznachiti strategіyu schodo stvorennya Wes, uzgodzhenu s Programs sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku i strukturnoї perebudovi Economy of Ukraine. Until 2010, p. planuєtsya uhvaliti Law of Ukraine about rozvitok prikordonnih areas rozrobiti Reigning programa stvorennya drove. Before the main peredumov stvorennya drove in Ukraїnі nalezhat:

• spriyatlive freight geografіchne position;

• Natural nayavnіst i resursіv of labor;

• vigіdne geopolіtichne position;

• Reigning blizkіst to kordonіv.

In carrying Ukraїnі mozhut Buti stvorenі on prikordonnih teritorіyah, zokrema to Russie, Moldova, Rumunії have mіstah Cream Resort, on the one uzberezhzhі Chornogo Azovskogo morіv.

Vigіdnіst stvorennya drove polyagaє in fact scho tsі Zoni toil spetsіalny podatkovih mode mozhut vikoristovuvati іnfrastruk-Turnu base sumіzhnoї powers, zaluchati іnozemnі that vіtchiznyanі іnvestitsії, rozv'yazuvati problemi Povernennya vivezenih for a cordon kapіtalіv, pіdvischuvati rіven Zhittya population Tsikh areas vnutrіshnіy rinok nasichuєtsya goods wide vzhitku, stvoryuєtsya efektivnosti system zaynyatostі robochoї Sealy toscho.

Meta stvorennya drove in Ukraїnі polyagaє in this:

• stimulyuvannі structural peretvoren in ekonomіtsі Shlyakhov zaluchennya іnozemnih іnvestitsіy;

• aktivіzatsії spіlnoї pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі for naroschuvannya eksportu tovarіv i poslug;

• stvorennі suchasnoї rinkovoї іnfrastrukturi, polіpshennі vikoristannya Natural i resursіv of labor;

• priskorennі sotsіalno-ekonomіchnogo rozvitku okremih regіonіv i zagalom Ukraine;

• aktivіzatsії NAUKOVO-tehnіchnogo obmіnu, zaluchennі that vprovadzhennі novih tehnologіy, zapozichennі dosvіdu rinkovih metodіv gospodaryuvannya.

In 1998-1999 pp. on teritorії Ukraine Bulo target kіlka vіlnih ekonomіchnih zone "Azov", "Donetsk", "Kurortopolіs", "Trusca-vets", "Slavutich", "Yavorіv". President of Ukraine Decree pіdpisav about stvorennya Wes "Zakarpattya", "Іnterport Kovel", "Nikolaev", "Port Cream", "free port".

Kontrolnі power

1. Neobhіdnіst rozrobki novoї zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki Ukraine.

2. Geopolіtichnі orієntiri Ukraine. їh perevagi that nedolіki.

3. Characteristics Suchasnyj will zovnіshnoї torgіvlі Ukraine.

4. Zavdyaki chomu Got formuvatisya eksportny potentsіal Ukraine?

5. Zavdannya novoї zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї polіtiki Ukraine schodo geopolіtichnoї structuring її zovnіshnoї torgіvlі.

6. Perspektivnі napryamki іnvestitsіynoї polіtiki Ukraine.