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Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

1.2. FІLOSOFІYA UC SVІTOGLYAD. ІSTORICHNІ FORMS SVІTOGLYADU

Fіlosofіya yak spetsifіchny phenomenon lyudskoї culture vinikla in VII-VI Art. BC. e. Same there in arhaїchnih structures stihіynogo svіtoglyadu, formuvalisya Ti harakternі moments that osoblivostі, scho Zgoda steel vіdmіtnimi risami fіlosofskoї FORMS suspіlnoї svіdomostі. So rank, fіlosofіya svoїm pohodzhennyam i spetsifіkoyu Svoge іsnuvannya naytіsnіshe pov'yazana Zi svіtoglyadom, Je Won svoєrіdnoyu Form yogo іsnuvannya.

Shcho Takeo svіtoglyad? In nayzagalnіshomu rozumіnnі - tse usvіdomlennya Lyudin navkolishnogo svitu, Svoge Georeferencing in nomu, Svoge representations i vіdnoshennya to tsogo svitu minutes to myself svoїh pretenzіy i namіrіv schodo svitu i shlyahіv realіzatsії zhittєvih program. Otzhe, svіtoglyad - tse Pevnyi old knowledge about The Svit, Lyudin i odnochasno otsіnka Lyudin svitu i samoї currently.

Golovna spetsifіka svіtoglyadnih knowledge polyagaє in fact, scho stink viznachayut vіdnoshennya Helsinki Human to svitu, to nature, to suspіlstva to Svoge "I" Aje dermal s us - "Dzerkalo i exo Vsesvіtu" i in the same hour - unіkalna Chastina svitu.

In svіy hour anglіysky fіlosof F. Bacon's World podіliv three Chastain: nature, suspіlstvo, lyudska svіdomіst. Zvіdsi i pіshla traditsіya vidіlyati svіtoglyadu three aspects: naturalіstichny (vіdnoshennya to Helsinki Human Nature), sotsіokulturny (vіdnoshennya to suspіlstva) i egoїstichny (vіdnoshennya "I" to myself, until svoїh Vlasnyi sub'єktivnih mozhlivostey). Vіdpovіdno to tsogo, uzgodzhuyuchis Zi svoїm svіtoglyadom, cutaneous Lyudin, yak progoloshuє davnoіndіyska mudrіst, poslіdovno realіzuє three methylene. Persha meta - zhiti, friend - zhiti maintained upstream, the third - Buti maintained upstream. Znannya about those yak potrіbno vіdnositisya to svitu, dwellers uspіshno realіzuvati three methylene - tse Yea i svіtoglyadnі knowledge.

Whether yak fіlosofska system Yea svіtoglyadnim knowledge, not ale cutaneous svіtoglyad Je fіlosofієyu. Ponyattya "svіtoglyad" Shirshov, nіzh ponyattya "fіlosofіya". Podіbno before yak ponyattya "Person of" peredbachaє, napriklad not tіlki ukraїntsya, ale th French, Chinese, іtalіytsya i t. E ,, so i ponyattya "svіtoglyad" He can be zvesti tіlki to fіlosofії. Vono mіstit INSHI Vidi svіtoglyadu: mіfologіchny, relіgіyny toscho.

Tsіnnіsny character svіtoglyadnogo Znannya viznachaє poєdnannya in nomu іntelektualno-rozumovoї components s pochuttєvo-emotsіynoyu. Svіtoglyad - tse svoєrіdna іntegrativna tsіlіsnіst Znannya tsіnnostey i, i Rozum pochuttya, іntelektu i dії, critical sumnіvu i svіdomoї nedoskonalostі. Іntegrativny character svіtoglyadu peredbachaє yogo structural skladnіst, nayavnіst in nomu rіznih sharіv rіvnіv i, s-pomіzh yakih nasampered virіznyayutsya emotsіyno-psihologіchny rіven -svіtovіdchuttya i svіtospoglyadannya Here fіksuyutsya deprivation okremі, zovnіshnі Show Butt, Svit yavisch instead sutnostey. Nastupnі for Glibin vіdobrazhennya rіvnі - svіtospriynyattya i svіtouyavlennya. In Tsikh rіvnyah formuєtsya vzhe tsіlіsna picture svitu, viznachaєtsya vzaєmozv'yazok

"Mudrіst - Tse is not our present knowledge, and potentsіynіst Rozum not Scoot nіyakimi aksіomami science i vіri dogmas. Mudrіst vіdnositsya to knowledge, yak potentsіyne to contemporary. Well Fіlosofіya itself sobі Je navіt not mudrіst and tіlki love until mudrostі, tobto potentsіya potentsіy. Fіlosof Hoca dosyagti mozhlivostі knowledge. "

M. Epstein

protsesіv i yavisch, vіdbuvaєtsya fіksatsіya їh totozhnostey i vіdmіnnostey. However, there svіtoglyad obmezheno bezposerednіm dosvіdom, pochuttya vіdіgrayut bіlshu role nіzh Rozum. The I tіlki todі, if vіdobrazhennya vіdbuvaєtsya through ponyattya, formuєtsya svіtoglyad, zdatny rozkriti zakonomіrnostі that sutnіst yavisch i protsesіv. Svіtoglyad on tsomu rіvnі pov'yazuєtsya s abstract mislennyam, theoreticity pіznannyam, i yogo mozhna nazvati svіtorozumіnnyam. Same yogo i demonstruє fіlosofіya.

Svіtoglyad - tse uzagalnenih system tsіnnіsno-orієntatsіynih knowledge about the Helsinki Human vіdnoshennya to svitu. Sistemnіst svіtoglyadu polyagaє in fact scho vіn reprezentuє tsіlіsnіst perekonan, SSMSC not superechat odne one. Tsі perekonannya poєdnuyutsya odne s one of the principle neobhіdnostі dostatnostі i, i vihodit scho svіtoglyad pragne to tsіlіsnostі, zakіnchenostі, zavershenostі Svіtoglyad zahischaє psihіku Helsinki Human od sumburnostі zovnіshnoї Informácie serve fіltrom, yaky poslablyuє, rozdіlyaє іnformatsіyny potіk.

Svіtoglyad vbiraє in him the knowledge tіlki uzagalnenі, tobto pravilnі for a wide class yavisch. Svіtoglyadnі Znannya dopomagayut we have orієntuvatis svіtі tsіnnostey "good - nasty", "shkіdlivo - korisno", "well -potvorno", "Rozumny - bezgluzdo" toscho.

Svіtoglyad - tse sistematizovany complex uyavlen, otsіnok, plants, scho zabezpechuyut tsіlіsne Buchan that usvіdomlennya svitu i Georeferencing in Helsinki Human nomu time іz zhittєvimi pozitsіyami, programs that іnshimi povedіnki warehouses, active dіyannya vzagalі. Tim himself svіtoglyad іntegruє pіznavalnu i sponukalno-dіyalnu nastanovu lyudskoї zhittєdіyalnostі. Fіlosofіya Je nayvischim rіvnem i view svіtoglyadu, yogo theoreticity clearance.

Uspіshne funktsіonuvannya spetsifіchno lyudskoї zhittєdіyalnostі svіtoglyad dopomagaє zdіysnyuvati on rіznomanіtnih rіvnyah by step zagalnostі іsnuє svіtoglyad osobistostі, grupovogo, profesіyny, natsіonalny svіtoglyad, zagalnolyudskі svіtoglyadnі nastanovi. Stosovno stage іstorichnogo rozvitku vidіlyaєmo antique, i renesansny etc. svіtoglyad and schodo stage teoretichnoї "zrіlostі" -.. Stihіyno-povsyakdenny "zhiteysky" i theoreticity, fіlosofsky svіtoglyad

Svіtoglyad postіyno pulsuє, oskіlki whole hour to pragne zmіstovogo napovnennya. Ale all the same Got svіtoglyad in sobі Pevnyi stіyky "Siege", yaky vmіschuє golovnі guidelines (rules) to vіdnoshennya svitu, love, spravedlivіst, dobrozichlivіst, vpevnenіst in svoїh pіznavalnih mozhlivostyah, Sens Zhittya. Fіlosofіya - kvіntesentsіya svіtoglyadu concentrate nayvazhlivіshih metodіv i printsipіv svіtovіdnoshennya.

Peredumovoyu fіlosofskogo svіtoglyadu Yea i mіfologіya relіgіya Viniknennya fіlosofії, її Formation pov'yazuyutsya s Especially іstorichno naydavnіshoї svіtoglyadnoї form, yak bula on sutі contemporaries samoї lyudskoї іstorії - mіfologії. In addition mіru yak rozpochavsya "vіdhіd" od tvarinnogo іsnuvannya, yak seredovische Pocha peretvoryuvatisya on rozmaїty navkolishnіy's World on svoєrіdny "focus", "tangle" Activity "core" zv'yazkіv, stosunkіv, pretenzіy i namіrіv, vinikaє mіfologіya (od Graetz "mіfos" - the word Legend) - pervіsna svіtoglyadna form poklikat zabezpechiti nelegkі vimogi іsnuvannya on Persha schablyah іstorichnogo Butt. Yak Pochatkova svіtoglyadna form mіfologіya mіstila in nerozchlenovanomu, zarodkovomu (syncretism) viglyadі OAO All nastupnі FORMS suspіlnoї svіdomostі - relіgіyu, Mistetstvo, morality toscho, in addition chislі th fіlosofіyu. "Rozmitіst" between mіzh іndivіdom i collectives znahodila svіtoglyadne vіdobrazhennya in rozmezhuvannі way i realnostі, pillows dії i, i object to the word pervіsnoї mіfologії characteristic іnoskazannya, yak Bulo guilty pozbaviti Lyudin od has a real zvіra abo strashnoї іstoti. Napriklad, the "Lіsovіy pisni" Lesі Ukraїnki fantastichnі іstoti Items marked yak "That, in scho skalі sidit" "That scho greblі ditch" toscho. Pervіsnі mіfi not rozpovіdalisya and Collective "experiences", "vіdtvoryuvalisya", "progravalisya" at Collective mіsterіyah-dіyannyah Pervіsna mіfologіya really dіyalna, emotsіyno-zhittєva, factuality ototozhnyuvala image-word s samoyu realnіstyu.

W rozvitkom suspіlnogo Butt through mіf, tobto tales Lyudin namagaєtsya vіdpovіsti on takі globalnі power, yak appear uporyadkuvannya svitu in tsіlomu, viniknennya tvarinnogo svitu, yavisch nature. Chastain digit mіfologіchnih poglyadіv stvoryuyut kosmologіchnі uyavlennya, power narodzhennya i smertі, stories about people dosyagnennya otrimannya Vaughn, vinaydennya crafts rozvitok zemlerobstva. Svіtoporyadok in mіfі tlumachivsya yak i Yednist Helsinki Human Space, Won "rozchinyalasya" in prirodі, zlivalasya s her yak її nevіd'єmna warehouses

The basic principles of nutrition in rozglyadu svіtoglyadnih mіfologії - genetichny, tobto problem svitu cob, natural pohodzhennya i suspіlnih yavisch virіshuvalas through rozpovіd about those hto one people. Rozpovіdayuchi about passed, poyasnyuyuchi Suchasnyj i prorokuyuchi the Future, mіf zabezpechuvav spirituality phone reception pokolіn, CCB neobhіdnoyu Form orієntatsії (Aje zavdyaki Yomou's World Stavan zrozumіlim) zdavavsya truthfully realnіstyu, yak zaslugovuvala in stark dovіru. Vіdpovіdayuchi traditsіynomu (nayavnomu) will yak speeches єdino mozhlivomu i garmonіynomu through the "order" Butt, mіfi utverdzhuvali in suspіlstvі dan tsіnnostey system. Pong sformuvali pevnі normalized povedіnki, stabіlіzuvali suspіlne Zhittya.

Neuhilny rozvitok suspіlnogo Zhittya lead to vtrati pervіsnoyu mіfologієyu Svoge Sensei won vzhe not zdatna svіtoglyadno zabezpechiti

"Vіdtvoryuyuchi Me Gone i stvoryuyuchi currently maybutnyu, Lyudin pochinaє glibshe i vіrnіshe vіdchuvati not tіlki svoє sogodnіshnє" I ", ale th sama life".

X. Ortega-i-Gasset

efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya novih forms spіvіsnuvannya scho rozvinulis on ruїnah pervіsnogo old. Mіf - "word", "rozpovіd" -pochinaє protistavlyatisya logos, pervіsne values ​​yakogo takozh "word", "mov" and h VII-VI cm. BC. e -. zdatnіst to mislennya, Rozum Vіdbuvaєtsya processes formuvannya autonomous forms suspіlnoї svіdomostі scho have become kolis (mіfologії at) syncretism tsіlіsnіst. Them Je nasampered relіgіya i fіlosofіya.

Relіgіya (od Latin religio -. Pobozhnіst) on rannіh stadіyah rozvitku suspіlstva skladaє odne tsіle s mіfologієyu. Ale schodo zmіstovoї side (s point Zora svіtoglyadnih konstruktsіy) Won Je vіdokremlenoyu, vіdmіnnoyu. Spetsifіka relіgіynogo svіtoglyadu polyagaє in fact scho vіn vihodit іz principle monіzmu (od Graetz mono -. A). Basic Elements relіgії Je cult system tobto system ceremonial Act reasonably, spryamovanih on vstanovlennya Pevnyi vіdnosin s imply a supernatural. Cutaneous mіf staє relіgіynim tієyu mіroyu, yakoyu included in the cult system yak її zmіstova side

Pevnyi rank relіgіya pov'yazuєtsya s magієyu, yak poєdnuє those scho not really poєdnuєtsya - subject yogo The images іm'ya chi. Zvyazok mіzh magіchnoyu dієyu i magіchnim spell Je bezposerednіm, todі yak at relіgії (i relіgіynim mіzh prayer ceremony) vіn deposits od Sealy vigadanoї, nadprirodnoї osobistostі, yak Mauger yak priynyati, so i do not priynyati prayer. Magіya in relіgії vіdіgraє dopomіzhnu role.

Svіtoglyadnі konstruktsії, vklyuchayuchis in the cult system carols vіrovchennya nature, will melt the basis formalnoї regulyatsії, reglamentatsії, vporyadkuvannya i zberezhennya zvichaїv, norms, traditsіy. For Relief kultovoї obryadovostі vihovuyutsya pochuttya lyubovі, kindness, terpimostі, mercy, spravedlivostі toscho. Pong will melt Especially tsіnnimi, Yakscho pov'yazanі Zi sacred, imply a supernatural.

In bagatoh vіdnoshennyah relіgіya vіdіgraє positive role Aje її basic meaning polyagaє in fact dwellers dopomogti lyudinі podolati іstorichno mіnlivі, vіdnosnі aspects її Butt i dosyagti absolute vіchnogo

"Helsinki Human Ochі, zoseredzhenі on velichі sky prekrasnіshі for the sky."

Plato

in єdnannі s іdealnoyu іstotoyu - God. In the spiritual and moral aspektі relіgіya vіdіgraє role of catharsis, of purification tobto Helsinki Human od negatively yavisch povsyakdennostі. Vaughn nadaє standards tsіnnostyam іdealam is the nature of the absolute, nezmіnnogo, Square od kon'yunkturi prostorovo hours coordinates lyudskogo Butt, sotsіalnih іnstitutіv toscho, namagaєtsya utverditi principle of good i Crazy lyudskoї dushі. So rank, relіgіya nadaє Sensei values ​​i stalostі lyudskomu Butt, dopomagaє overcome zhittєvі trudnoschі i Iti Shlyakhov postіynogo vdoskonalennya.



 
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