Fіlosofіya: mislitelі, іdeї, kontseptsії - Kremen VG

1.5. OSOBLIVOSTІ FІLOSOFSKOGO OSVOЄNNYA DІYSNOSTІ

Fіlosofske Znannya vzhe i Socrates, Plato protistavlyali knowledge obmezhenomu tіlki pіznannyam dіysnostі. Yakscho Naukova Znannya opisuє i poyasnyuє Galuzo of scho Yea, the fіlosofske Znannya ohoplyuє Galuzo addition, scho guilty Buti - scope tsіnnostey sensei i methylene lyudskogo іsnuvannya. Bіlshe for all fіlosofіya tsіkavitsya tim, scho naymenshe for all privablyuє science - zv'yazkom danih yavisch dіysnostі іz zagalnim i tsіlim, rozumіnnyam zhittєvogo smislu i values ​​yavisch, kotrі okremo vivchayutsya rіznimi sciences. Fіlosofske mislennya virіshuє problemi pomezhovih bases Butt i pіznannya. In chomu Well osoblivіst fіlosofskogo pіdhodu to dіysnostі? Chi mi can govorito about fіlosofske mislennya yak Especially Rozum warehouse, not tіlki about fіlosofіyu yak Pevnyi profesіynu dіyalnіst? Vzhe in antichnostі fіlosofіyu rozumіli Especially yak kind of spiritual dіyalnіst, yak proyasnyuє bagatoskladnіst svitu. Zanyattya her peredbachayut nayavnіst Pevnyi moral yakostey i rozumovih dobrochinnostey. Fіlosofske mislennya nasampered vidіlyaє naybіlsh vazhlive, іstotne іz neskіnchennoї bagatomanіtnostі navkolishnіh yavisch. Vono virazhaєtsya in troh mainly risah: refleksivnіst, tsіlіsnіst i kritichnіst.

Refleksivnіst - tse pragnennya to a residual usvіdomlennya svoїh Act reasonably, tobto nalashtovanіst on viyavlennya smislu podіy that їh zv'yazku mіzh him. Great marvel, s yakogo narodzhuєtsya spirit fіlosofstvuvannya, -tse vtrata Vladi chastkovostі th obmezhenostі, if lyudinі Vpershe vіdkrivaєtsya prospect neskіnchennostі tsіlogo, mozhlivіst zosereditisya on yogo rozumіnnі and otzhe not tіlki pіznati Rozum, ale th vіdkriti bagato chogo pochuttyu i Volya. Hoca refleksіya not have vsіh vipadkah Veda to spravdі fіlosofskogo mislennya, drive for neї shaping can Buti th hibnі, nadumanі problems (povchalny butt - serednovіchna scholasticism), but without refleksії fіlosofskogo mislennya not buvaє.

Tsіlіsnіst fіlosofskogo mislennya oznachaє spryamovanіst on ob'єdnannya bagatomanіtnostі lyudskogo Zhittya - NKVD, sotsіalnogo, pіznavalnogo, polіtichnogo - through viyavlennya їh zv'yazkіv. Point Zora tsіlіsnostі zovsіm not oznachaє Znannya vsogo about Tsey's World. Fіlosofski mislyacha Lyudin uyavlyaє osnovnі tendentsії rozvitku svitu, suspіlstva, pіznannya, Mauger spіvvіdnesti svoє Zhittya s tsimi tendentsіyami i zrozumіti svoє Location in tsomu rozvitku.

Kritichnіst oznachaє peredusіm zdatnіst otsіnyuvati th onovlyuvati Basics of svoєї vlasnoї dіyalnostі in dinamіchnomu svіtі. Strength fіlosofskogo mislennya - at vmіnnі zadavati all novі th novі power svitu th most sobі. In fіlosofії Absent zaboroni criticism i sumnіy

Spetsifіka fіlosofії viyavlyaєtsya in osoblivіy nastanovі, napryamі mislennya, yaky pochinaєtsya іz sumnіvu, tobto pereosmislennya zvichnih poglyadіv, traditsіy, kontseptsіy. Vidatnі mislitelі davnini (Demokrіt, Plato, Arіstotel) put power: "Shcho Takeo" Butt "? Shcho oznachaє "Buti"? Chi Got Vsesvit yakus Yednist Meta Abo? Chi potrіbno good Buti vіchnim, dwellers zasluzhiti temple otsіnku, Chi-to-goodness potrіbno pragnuti, Yakscho navіt vono Nese lyudinі zagibel? "T i. E. Tverdzhennya s skin them

"Refleksіya - tse Nabutov svіdomіstyu zdatnіst zosereditis on samіy sobі i ovolodіti samoyu him yak subject, yaky Got his spetsifіchnu stіykіst i svoє spetsifіchne values ​​- not just zdatnіst pіznavati and pіznavati of itself; not just the nobility, and the nobility, scho You Know How. "

P. Teilhard de Chardin

vodnochase Bulo zaperechennyam poperednika pillows. OAO All vidatnі fіlosofskі vchennya zaperechuyut odne odne. Tacke zaperechennya Mauger Buti abstract metafіzichnim abo specifically, dіalektichnim Prote zavdyaki sumnіvu i zaperechennyu vibudovuєtsya tsіlіsna, neperervna picture fіlosofskoї mislennya culture.

Vіdnosnіst Vlasnyi knowledge about Svit that currently about itself - nayvazhlivіshy motive cultural rozvitku osobistostі, Find our її duhovnoї zrіlostі. Same in tsomu polyagaє osoblivіst fіlosofії yak sponukalnogo motive to mislennya. Vchitisya - tse Perche for all misliti, peretvoryuvatisya on CREATIVE Lyudin, yak keruєtsya vnutrіshnoyu require pіznati navkolishnіy svit i currently. Yak vchennya about mislennya fіlosofіya vchit vmіnnya not Divit and bachiti. Aje Poshuk іstini - tse rozkrittya vnutrіshnogo svitu Helsinki Human, viprobuvannya, napruga іntelektualnih i moral strength. Tom bachit one hto Mauger pobachiti.

On vіdmіnu od povsyakdennoї unіtarnostі th dogmatism, fіlosofske mislennya Je printsipovo plyuralіstichnim, polіfonіchnim, dіalogіchnim. Fіlosofіya peredusіm vchit misliti, vchit problem, CREATIVE pіdhoditi to svoєї subjects. M. Gaydegger, pochinayuchi subtraction rate lektsіy about mislennya, zvernuvsya to studentіv priblizno s with these words: "I chitatimu you rate lektsіy about mislennya, ale is not so rank, dwellers dati yakus defіnіtsіyu mislennya. Traditsіyno rozpochinayuchi lektsіyu: "Je mislennya processes .." - E viznaєmo scho mislennya Je processes, ale w processes Je processes rather than mislennya. In Taqiy sposіb E can dіznatisya about vіdnoshennya mislennya chogos to one, two, three, i p'yatogo etc., ale w smut power -. Scho Yea sama mislennya - zalishitsya without vіdpovіdі ... I vchitimu you mislennya іnakshe. I mislitimu in front of you, and vie uvazhno sluhay, divіtsya. Axis vіn, processes mislennya, rozgortaєtsya in front of you ... Be uvazhnі - divіtsya, sluhay, I'm showing you the Same ... mislennya vchіtsya misliti ".

Otzhe, Gaydegger proponuє bezposerednyu demonstratsіyu mislennya yak CREATIVE PROCESS (zvichayno himself "demonstrator" at tsomu Got Booty Lyudin, zdatnoyu to tvorchostі). So i Priblizno mіrkuvav Socrates, yaky zavdyaki vmіlomu formulyuvannyu zapitan demonstruvav svoїm spіvrozmovnikam

"Naygolovnіshe in teoretichnіy nastanovі Helsinki Human, yak fіlosofstvuє - spravzhnya unіversalnіst kritichnoї pozitsії, rіshuchіst not priymati on vіru zhodnoї gotovoї pillows, zhodnoї traditsії".

E. Husserl

nevіdpovіdnіst that superechlivіst їhnіh pozitsіy. Socrates stverdzhuvav, scho LUVs not nіkoli nіchiїm vchitelem. Vіn vchiv not have Demba vchilis: hto i hto chogo mіg chogo hotіv. Vіn CCB perekonany scho mudrostі not mozhna navchiti so yak i maysternostі aPTT Crafts (povtoryuvanі operatsії, schemes navichki mozhna zapam'yatati pereynyati i). Dosvіd of itself navchiti not Mauger, i Zi rіznі people Similar doleyu roblyat for yourself rіznі visnovki. Prote іstinnu mudrіst mozhna send out to the blizkіy lyudinі hіba scho pid hour tіsnogo, friendly spіlkuvannya. In ukraїnskіy fіlosofії dіalogіka Socrates nazivaєtsya "sofіynіstyu" mislennya.

Umіnnya misliti, fіlosofstvuvati zavzhdi viklikalo pіdozru i nedovіru in so the title of "osvіchenih people" SSMSC rozglyadayut fіlosofіyu yak zanadto seryozne i "stomlive" zanyattya, dwellers vіdvesti Yomou vіlny hour ale once s note i do not dosit seryozne, prisvyatiti robochem dwellers. їm zdaєtsya scho fіlosofіya їh obduryuє, pozbavlyaє bezdumnoї vpevnenostі in fact, scho stink vvazhayut іstinnim correct. Characteristically Je zakonomіrnіst, yak go through all іstorіyu fіlosofії: Leather vidatny mislitel zamіst of dwellers zvoditi the following Schabbel pevnoї teorії, pochinaє zakladati Novi foundation іndivіdualnogo Buchan svitu. Aje Absent such uyavlen understand іstin, SSMSC could not b viklikati zaperechen: Ti power scho zdaval virіshenimi, znovu stayut problems. Nіscho do not stimulyuє aktivіzatsіyu mislennєvogo processes, yak virіshennya Distressed situatsіy

Povsyakdenne (unіtarne, monologіchne uniquely) mislennya vіdbivaє reproductive lyudsku dіyalnіst, yak postіyno vіdtvoryuє pevnі Etalon, zrazki, vstanovlenі poperednіmi provisions "tirazhuє" dosyagnennya tsivіlіzatsії, dwellers zrobiti їh items vikoristannya i spozhivannya yakomoga bіlshoї Chastain іndivіdіv. Such dіyalnіst being spozhivchoyu, realіzuєtsya for maximum sproschenimi, standartizovanimi schemes. Oskіlki reproductive dіyalnіst domіnuє in Nashomu povsyakdennomu zhittі, then won porodzhuє i vіdpovіdny epіstemny (od Graetz episteme -. Pіznavalny) tobto schematically іnstruktivny-style mislennya (I. Bicske).

"Fіlosofіyu potrіbno vivchati not for viznachenіst vіdpovіdey on її zapitannya and skorіshe for samі tsі zapitannya, oskіlki stink rozshiryuyut i zbagachuyut our іntelektualne uyavlennya i zmenshuyut dogmatic vpevnenіst, KOTRA zavazhaє Rozum zaymatisya tvorchіstyu".

Bertrand Russell

CREATIVE sphere abo productive dіyalnіst (Won becoming slim Chastain) vіdіgraє provіdnu, virіshalnu role in zagalnomu postupі culture. In nіy Vpershe realіzuyutsya novі project, the brainchild of, tsіlі that Sens dіyalnostі in tsіlomu. їy vіdpovіdaє tvorchokonstruktivny - dіalogіchny "sofіyny" - style mislennya. The core of the "sofіynogo" mislennya Where Money Does formuyutsya OAO All yogo spetsifіchnі osoblivostі (plyuralіzm, polіfonіya freedom toscho), Je fіlosofіya.

In іdealі productive th reproductive dіyalnіst vzaєmodopovnyuyut another one. Tse i stosuєtsya stilіv mislennya. Prote in konkretnі (kritichnі) moments lyudskoї іstorії reproduktivnіst, peresіchnіst ( "tupuvata rozsudlivіst" - A. Herzen) pochinaє torzhestvuvati. Tse Veda to rіzkogo zrostannya spozhivatsko-utilіtarnih momentіv in suspіlnіy svіdomostі, stink ohoplyuyut traditsіyno tvorchі spheres - science, Mistetstvo, fіlosofіyu. Dumka zamіnyuє circuit section and mislennєva dіyalnіst that fіlosofіya vtrachaєtsya in suєtі povsyakdennostі. On zmіnu svobodі come totalіtarizm.

S Person of "sitoyu i tupoyu soul" is not a fascist obov'yazkovo Je chi kіlerom. In zvichnih minds - Tse is simple Lyudin, yak tіlki zhadaє "yasnostі" i "chіtkostі". Prote Varto nastati krizі (yak ruynuє chіtkіst yasnіst i), i peresіchny іndivіd, zhadayuchi Povernennya order staє zdatnim "at all."

Taqiy іndivіd, zdatny "all" in іm'ya "order", vіdomy s davnіh chasіv. Tse vіn zasudzhuvav death of Socrates, pogodivsya on autos J. Bruno sporudzhuvav varvarskі vognischa for publіchnogo scorched knizhok, Bravo fate in pogroms, CCB stalіnskoyu "just Radyans'ka Lyudin", yak on the number mіtingah i demonstratsіyah vimagala smertnoї kari "naymantsyam svіtovoї burzhuazії". Productive, Creator of mislennya, naybіlsh pritamanne fіlosofії, povertaє Lyudin to її lyudskoї sutnostі, zvіlnyaє od budennostі, viznachaє її Location in svіtovomu ustroї that obov'yazki before him.

"Fіlosofіya pom'yakshila antagonіzm logo (epіstemnoї predmetnostі okremih Sciences) i mіfu (mіstichnoї realnostі bozhestvennoї іstini), taking on himself Turbota about the soul is the Helsinki Human її moralnіst. Fіlosofske Znannya Je peredusіm knowledge yak rozumієtsya upmost, pіznannyam Іstini i Dobra, scho poєdnuє in sobі tsіlі pіznannya i moralnі tsіlі ".

G. Mayorov

Svoge hour Dіogen dorіkav Plato for yogo teorіyu іdeї "Stіl I Baciu, bowl I Baciu, ale ni" stіlnostі "ni" chashnostі "not Baciu." Plato vіdpovіv Yomou "dwellers bachiti stіl i bowl, you have Yea ochі and dwellers bachiti" stіlnіst "i" chashnіst "Absent from Rozum you."