home Economy books Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya - Dahno І.І.

Mіzhnarodna torgіvlya - Dahno І.І.

12.2. Zovnіshnotorgovelny contract

In tsomu pіdrozdіlі stislo rozglyanemo low supply schodo ukladennya mіzhnarodnih kontraktіv. Contract, yak i whether yaky Inshyj dogovіr, Mauger Buti at pismovіy abo usnіy formі. In Ukraїnі OAO All sub'єkti zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі povinnі ukladati a contract from pismovіy formі.

Contract kupіvlі-sale at sferі mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі scho zastosovuєtsya in svіtovіy praktitsі, yak usually Got takі rozdіli:

o vstupna Chastina;

o the subject of the contract;

o Quantity;

o yakіst;

o i termіn delivery date;

o bazovі Terms of delivery;

o i Rate Total value contract;

o platezhіv minds;

o i markuvannya packaging;

o reklamatsії;

o garantії;

o shtrafnі sanktsії that vіdshkoduvannya zbitkіv;

o strahuvannya;

o force mazhornі obstavini;

o arbіtrazh;

o INSHI minds.

Great significance for contract aspektіv mіzhnarodnoї torgіvlі Got Konventsіya UN ABM Treaty mіzhnarodnoї kupіvlі-sale tovarіv, Vіdnі way in 1980 at p. (United Nations Convention on the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods).

UKRAINE vrahovuє zagalnosvіtovu practice formulyuyuchi vimogi to mіzhnarodnogo contract. Ninі chinne "position about the form zovnіshnoekonomіchnih dogovorіv (kontraktіv)" Bulo zatverdzheno instructions to Mіnіsterstva s Economy is the power єvropeyskoї іntegratsії Ukraine od 6 Veresnya 2001 p. Number 201, in zareєstrovane Mіnіsterstvі yustitsії Ukraine 21 Veresnya 2001 p. № 833/6024 i opublіkovane, zokrema in "Ofіtsіynomu Visnyk Ukrainy", 2001, number 39. Poperednya redaktsіya tsogo bula zatverdzhena instructions to the provisions Mіnіsterstva zovnіshnіh zv'yazkіv i torgіvlі Ukraine od 5 Zhovtnya 1995 p. Number 75. (Zgoda MZEZ'torg ob'єdnali s Mіnіsterstvom Economy of Ukraine.)

Chinne PROVISIONS rozrobleno vіdpovіdno to the station. 6 of the Law of Ukraine "About zovnіshnoekonomіchnu dіyalnіst" od 16 kvіtnya 1991 p. Vono Got zastosovuvatisya ukraїnskimi sub'єktami pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі (Square od vlasnostі forms) that їh іnozemnimi partners. In polozhennі zaznachaєtsya scho zovnіshnoekonomіchny dogovіr (contract) Je materіalno decorated to please dvoh abo bіlshe sub'єktіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnoї dіyalnostі that їh іnozemnih kontragentіv i spryamovany on vstanovlennya, zmіnu abo pripinennya їh vzaєmnih rights that have obov'yazkіv zovnіshnoekonomіchnіy dіyalnostі. Sub'єkti pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі toil right under the contract text skladannі vikoristovuvati vіdomі mіzhnarodnі zvichaї, rekomendatsії mіzhnarodnih organіv that organіzatsіy, Yakscho Tse not zaboroneno zaznachenim law of Ukraine. Contract ukladaєtsya in prostіy pismovіy formі, Lots Other Yakscho not peredbacheno mіzhnarodnim Ukraine abo contract law.

Rights First obov'yazki storіn contract viznachayutsya materіalnim i procedural law Georeferencing yogo ukladennya, the parties do not Yakscho weather Lots Other. Before minds SSMSC povinnі Buti peredbachenі in kontraktі, Yakscho yogo Parties are not about the weather Lots Other vikladennya schodo minds contract i taka domovlenіst not pozbavlyaє dogovіr subject ob'єkta, methylene she іnshih іstotnih minds without pogodzhennya yakih parties Mauger vvazhatisya such scho no ukladeny , abo Mauger Buti viznano nedіysnim vnaslіdok nedoderzhannya FORMS zgіdno s chinnim zakonodavstvom Ukraine, nalezhat:

o Hosting Project, contract number, the date that Location yogo ukladennya;

o preamble;

o the subject of the contract;

o Quantity yakіst that product;

Terms of delivery o bazovі tovarіv (priymannya-zdavannya vikonanih robіt abo poslug);

o i Rate Total value contract;

o platezhіv minds;

o minds priymannya-zdavannya product (robіt, poslug);

o i markuvannya packaging;

o force mazhornі obstavini;

o sanktsії that reklamatsії;

o uregulyuvannya sporіv the courts order;

o mіstseznahodzhennya (Location of residence), that poshtovі platіzhnі rekvіziti storіn.

For domovlenіstyu storіn in kontraktі mozhut viznachatisya dodatkovі minds. Slіd mother on uvazі, scho cutaneous pozitsіy s hover text of the provisions mіstit stislі vimogi i s Price not specified vіdpovіdnih power. W them chitachevі slіd retelno oznayomitisya.

Zupinimosya on okremih zovnіshnoekonomіchnogo provisions of the contract.

Terms of delivery Bazovі tovarіv viznachayut order of payment vitrat, pov'yazanih s transportuvannyam product od eksportera to іmportera and takozh perehіd vіdpovіdalnostі for eksportovanі goods. Bazovі minds z'yavilisya s ob'єktivnih potreb i zumovlenі mіzhnarodnimi torgovelnimi zvichayami. Mіzhnarodna torgovelna Chamber has been viewed 1914 target at p. (At Parizhі) ob'єdnavshi dіlovі stake that okremі fіrmi bagatoh kraїn. In 1923 r. Won opublіkuvala zbіrnik vіdomostey about zvichaї, bazovі minds priynyatі in 18 kraїnah svitu. Zbіrnik stosuvavsya 10 base minds. Tsya Chamber Zgoda vikonala robot s unіfіkatsії basic minds i 1936 p. Vpershe opublіkuvala document pid titles "Mіzhnarodnі komertsіynі termіni" (INCOTERMS - International Commercial Terms). Zmіni i dopovnennya to make Demba in 1953, 1967, 1976, 1980, 1990, 2000 p.

Far from vsіh kraїnah svitu "Іnkoterms" E obov'yazkovim for vikonannya document, ale yogo namagayutsya dotrimuvatisya on kshtalt of yak rozumnі people koristuyutsya Rozumny Well happy. Decree of the President of Ukraine od 4 Travnia 1994 p. Number 567/94 "Pro zastosuvannya Mіzhnarodnih rules іnterpretatsії komertsіynih termіnіv" "Іnko-terms-90" nabuv status of a normative document. Ninі on praktitsі zastosovuєtsya soma redaktsіya document - "Іnkoterms-2000" about yogo ale act ofіtsіyne zatverdzhennya in Ukraїnі not priynyaty.

Zobov'yazannya pokuptsya i seller viznachenі schodo ten basic food. Mіzhnarodnі komertsіynі termіni rozpodіlyayutsya for chotirma GROUP (tab. 5).

Radim chitachevі oznayomitisya s CIM mіzhnarodnim dokladnіshe document. In rozdіlі "brain platezhіv" zovnіshnoekonomіchnogo viznachaєtsya contractual currency of payment, sposіb, the order i row fіnansovih rozrahunkіv that garantіy vikonannya parties platіzhnih zobov'yazan.

Od fallow minds payment obranih parties have kontraktі zaznachayutsya minds bankіvskogo perekazu to vіdvantazhennya (advance platіzh) that / abo abo pіslya vіdvantazhennya product for the minds of the documentary letter of credit, abo іnkaso (s garantієyu) is the minds behind garantієyu, Yakscho Je Won Won abo if neobhіdna.

Slіd mother on uvazі scho basic acts have sferі mіzhnarodnih rozrahunkіv takі Yea: o Zhenevskі vekselnі konventsії od 7 chervnya 1930 p. (Konventsіya schodo virіshennya deyakih kolіzіy zakonіv about perekaznі i prostі vekselі, Konventsіya about unіfіkovany law perekaznih s i simply Bills, Konventsіya about stamp zbіr schodo Just i perekaznih Bills);

tABLE 5

o Zhenevskі chekovі konventsії od 19 Bereznev 1931 p. (Konventsіya about unіfіkovany law about checks Konventsіya, spryamovano on virіshennya deyakih kolіzіy zakonіv about checks Konventsіya about stamp zbіr schodo chekіv);

o Konventsіya UN about mіzhnarodnі perekaznі vekselі i mіzhnarodnі prostі vekselі od 9 thoracic 1988 p .;

o i zvichaї Unіfіkovanі rules for documentary akreditivіv (publіkatsіya Mіzhnarodnoї torgovelnoї deer stand p 1993, number 500.);

o Unіfіkovanі rules s іnkaso (publіkatsіya Mіzhnarodnoї torgovelnoї deer stand p 1995, number 522.);

o Bankіvskі garantії in mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі (publіkatsіya Mіzhnarodnoї torgovelnoї deer stand number 547).

Ponyattya "Monetary rizik" oznachaє nebezpeku Monetary vtrat s Look around at the rate zmіnu іnozemnoї currency schodo natsіonalnoї groshovoї odinitsі. Zahisnі zasterezhennya spryamovanі on uniknennya riziku currency.

Termіni "Іnkotermsu"

In zovnіshnoekonomіchnomu kontraktі vikoristovuyutsya takі payment methods:

o gotіvkoyu;

o viplata advances;

o nadannya loan (Yogo osnovnі form - fіnansovy i trademark);

o bill.

Zastosovuyutsya takі FORMS rozrahunku for postavlenі goods, Realized works, nadanі Services:

o letter of credit (letter of credit), - vіdklichny bezvіdklichny i, i pіdtverdzheny nepіdtverdzheny, perekazny (transferable), Revolving (ponovlyuvany) coverages i nepokrity, documentary i penny, reserve;

o іnkaso (collection);

o bankіvsky perekaz (Just doruchennya komertsіynogo svoєmu bank bank-correspondent of splatiti Pevnyi bag of pennies on Prohanov for rakhunok i perekazodavtsya іnozemnomu oderzhuvachevі (benefіtsіaru));

o vіdkrity rakhunok (perіodichnі platezhі іmportera eksporteru protsesі in the supply of goods on the minds Yogo podalshoї Pay i zarahuvannya zaborgovanostі on rakhunok eksportera; takі rozrahunki vikoristovuyutsya razі have regular supply). Nasamkіnets stislo zupinimosya on tsіnah. Viznachennya kontraktnoї tsіni - іstotna Umov contract. Cena Mauger fіksuvatisya in valyutі Kraina-eksportera, Kraina-іmportera abo tretoї Kraina. Vrahovuyutsya torgovelnі zvichaї schodo Vibor currency for vstanovlennya tsіni on pevnі goods. On rіven tsіn іstotno vplivayut svіtovі tsіni. Fallow the method od fіksatsії tsіni shaping can Buti:

o Solid (nezmіnnimi);

o h the following fіksatsієyu (viznachayut time fіksatsії that fun- viznachennya rіvnya tsіni);

o Rukh (mozhut pereglyadatisya in maybutnomu s urahuvannyam dinamіki svіtovih tsіn);

o zmіnnimi (vrahovuyutsya zmіni in vitratah virobnitstva scho steel protyagom termіnu contract).

When viznachennі kontraktnoї tsіni zastosovuyutsya rіznomanіtnі znizhki, Sereda yakih mainly Je takі:

o s easy preyskurantnoї (dovіdkovoї) tsіni product;

o znizhka for pridbannya product for gotіvku;

o bonus (for the revolution);

o Quantity of znizhka abo serіynіst;

o dilerska;

o spetsіalna (for probnі partії tovarіv);

o eksportna;

o the season;

o prihovana (at viglyadі nadannya FREE poslug).

In pіdrozdіlі rozglyanuto deprivation osnovnі aspects zovnіshnotorgovelnih operatsіy. Stati fahіvtsem in tsіy sferі possible for minds pogliblenogo vivchennya spetsіalnoї lіteraturi that nabuttya practical dosvіdu.