home Accounting, audit Books Encyclopedia of Accounting - Gracheva R.E. Section II P.1

Encyclopedia of Accounting - Gracheva R.E. Section II P.1

Acquisition of fixed assets through accountable persons

Any acquisitions made through accountable persons are accounted for on the balance of the buyer in a manner similar to the way it occurs when purchasing transactions are directly from the supplier. The difference is only in the number of postings. After all, the payments to the supplier in this case are carried out not by the enterprise, but by the accountable person, whom the enterprise instructs to fulfill it. Therefore, each posting should reflect operations in the order in which they occurred. Thus, issuing an advance for a report is not a delivery of an advance to the supplier. After all, the funds in this case are not obtained by the supplier enterprise, but by the accountable person, which entries in the cash registers should testify. Records that these funds have been paid to the supplier will appear in other registries on the basis of an advance report, which the reporting person will immediately submit (within three days) after the fulfillment of the task assigned to him. The same report should also include the person's records of all other expenses incurred by the acquisition operation: business trip, transportation, etc. All these expenses must also be supported by the primary documents that are attached to the advance report as the basis for the accounting entries. However, it should be borne in mind that the documentary evidence of payment to the supplier (for example, a receipt for a cash receipt issued to that person in the cashier's office) is only a confirmation of the fact of payment, and not confirmation that the transfer of ownership is already Has occurred. Acquisitions are not made on the basis of the payment document, but on the basis of the document on the transfer of assets to the person responsible for the acquisition (accountable in this case) of the person (for example, a bill of lading issued by the seller to the accountable entity of the buyer enterprise). The accountable person also applies this document to the advance report. Hence, the payments to the supplier are made by the accountable person - both payment and receipt. And the enterprise that commissioned this person to perform the acquisition operations (i.e., settlements with the supplier), performs settlements with this accountable person (and not with the supplier, as some of the newcomers understand it). To appoint an accountable person to purchase certain assets from the supplier means to entrust that person to settle with the supplier on behalf of the enterprise.

The conditions of the example presented in the diagram below (Table 2.4) do not include such events (operations) as installation and commissioning. We assume that commissioning of this facility does not require any additional work, which means that the initial cost of such an object consists exclusively of those expenses that the accountable person confirmed in the advance report. Another example is presented in Table 2.5.

As for the accrual of a tax credit in connection with the acquisition of fixed assets through accountable persons, it must occur in accordance with the calculations of this accountable person with the supplier, and not in accordance with the calculations of the enterprise with that person. In our example, we spend this accrual in the debit of the sub-account 641 from the sub-account 372, because both the payment and the receipt of assets occurred simultaneously. Simultaneously, this means within the time allotted to this person for making acquisitions. That is, it does not matter here that, for example, this person could deposit money into the supplier's cashier yesterday (the date specified in the receipt to the incoming cash order issued by the supplier), and receive the paid assets only today (the date specified in the invoice). After all, for a buyer enterprise, it matters only that these two events occurred in one reporting (tax) period. In addition, we recall, since it is very important: the two events mentioned are the calculations of the accountable person, and not the enterprise. For the enterprise, these two events occurred simultaneously, because the accountable person simultaneously confirmed two transactions: the fact of payment, and the fact of obtaining the acquired assets. Therefore, by this date the assets acquired in this way are accounted for on the balance sheet. Another example is shown in Table 2.6.