home Political economy Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

Basics of ekonomіchnoї teorії: polіtekonomіchny aspect

§ 2. Osnovnі eg, forms i sub'єkti zovnіshnoekonomіchnih vіdnosin Ukraine

Єdiny narodnogospodarsky complex kolishnogo CPCP VJ davavsya for Taqiy, scho zabezpechuє perevagi for vsіh respublіk -: - non-zalezhnіst od kolivana kon'yunkturi svіtovogo -rinku, planomіrnіst i vzaєmovigіdnіst. Mav poshirennya mіf about Visokiy stupіn cooperative-ratsії mіzh respublіkami. Naspravdі imported vivezennya tovarіv-to-Lebanon furrows od 12 vіdsotkіv in Russie 30 vіdsotkіv in Vіrmenії.

Reigning monopolistic structure zovnіshnoї torgіvlі kolishno th CPCP, perevazhno sirovinny character eksportu, negnuchky vіdomchy pіdhіd to іmportu boule Wkra nespriyatlivimi peredusіm for quiet respublіk, ekonomі ka yakih not so much stale od mіzh-respublіkanskih supply i SSMSC volodіli eksportnim potentsіalom.

Etapnoyu legal basis for rozshirennya zovnіshnoekono-mіchnih zv'yazkіv nezalezhnoї Ukraine steel declaration about the powers-ny suverenіtet Ukraine (16 Lipnya 1990 p.), Act progoloshennya non-zalezhnostі Ukraine (24 serpnya 1991 p.) I, nareshtі, Konstitutsіya VK raїni (28 chervnya 1996 p.). Sered spetsіalnih zakonіv s power eco-nomіki slіd vіdznachiti Law of Ukraine about ekonomіchnu samostіynіst (B serpnya 1990 p.); about zovnіshnoekonomіchnu dіyalnіst (16 kvіtnya 1991 p.); stvorennya about sovereign eksportno-іmportnogo bank (B sіchnya 1992 p.); about іnozemnі іnvestitsії (13 Bereznev 1992 p.), De-Chretien Kabіnetu Mіnіstrіv Ukraine "About the mode іnozemnogo іnvestu-vannya" (20 Travnia 1993 p.); Law of Ukraine about Promyslova-fіnansovі groupies in Ukraїnі (21 leaf fall 1995 p.); pro mode іnozemnogo іnves-Tuwani (19 Bereznev 1996 p.); about Zahist od nedobrosovіsnoї Conca rentsії (7 chervnya 1996 p.) is the INSHI zakonodavchі that normotvorchі acti.

Vazhlivimi legal documents schodo stvorennya mehanіzmu zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv Ukraine was the Treaty that cater to young s Square powers scho utvorilisya on teritorії kolishnogo CPCP, that bagatma kraїnami Єvropi, Pіvnіchnoї th Pіv-dennoї America Azії, Africa.

W kolishnіmi respublіkami CPCP UKRAINE Provadia, discuss schodo rozv'yazannya ekonomіchnih i fіnansovih problems, food pas Livno-energetichnogo Complex, Transport i zv'yazku, pravonastupnitstva novostvorenih powers. Vodnochase Basics rozshirennya ekonomіchnogo expanse Je gorizontalnі zv'yazki mіzh bezposerednі mi virobnikami tovarіv and takozh mіzh powers. When tsomu tіl-ki of the minds bezmezhnostі ekonomіchnogo expanse skladayutsya efek-tivnі gospodarskі zv'yazki. Before stabіlіzatsіya Economy Well, for-kalnі zmіni іnstitutsіonalnih structures zbalansovanіst tovarnoї that groshovoї masi bіlshe ymovіrnі, Yakscho їh provaditi powers in scale. Mіzh Process Introduction vіlnih tsіn, detsentralіzatsії SIS those of acceptance rіshen i fіnansovoyu distsiplіnoyu іsnuє naytіsnі-shy phone reception, yaky i zumovlyuє formuvannya vnutrіshnіh rinkіv mo-lodih powers scho Yea peredumovoyu stvorennya spravdі rinkovogo mіzh-sovereign seredovischa.

For Ukraine vazhlivimi Je dvostoronnі lands Treaty i s keeping-you - kolishnіmi respublіkami CPCP. For the sake of tsimi powers toil nadavati svoїm pіdpriєmstvam mozhlivіst by Arise-lyuvati gospodarskі zv'yazki, obumovlyuvati order rozrahunkіv, forms materіalnoї vіdpovіdalnostі for nevikonannya supply. Over-the-Gal lands toil viroblyati ekonomіchny mehanіzm realіzatsії іnte-resіv Ukraine that її partnerіv instead Buti Polіtichnimi deklaratsіyami ekonomіchnu on topic.

Process formuvannya natsіonalnih penny kraїn systems, scho were to kolishnogo Union PCP porodzhuє ob'єktivnu neobhіd-

nіst i vodnochase stvoryuє mozhlivіst fundatsії mіzhderzhavnoї all-lyutnoї land, yak became b іnstitutsіonalnoyu Lanka nalagodzhennya tsivіlіzovanih that rіvnopravnih Monetary vіdnosin.

Perehіd in rozrahunkah on UTC Power about putting nova orga-nіzatsіyu spіvrobіtnitstva. Vihіd on pryamі ekonomіchnі zv'yazki mіzh. pid-priєmstvami poglibiv, ale vzhe on novіy osnovі, torgovelnі zv'yazki, more torguvati povinnі tovarovirobniki. Prote sogodnі potrіbny Pevnyi perehіdny perіod, protyagom yakogo in vzaєmorozrahunkah item is the Hotel side of the toil vihoditi s tsіn svіtovogo market analysis, and to repay zaborgovanostey scho vinikatimut, nadavati one odnіy dovgostrokovі. Credits for pіlgovih minds. About Tse svіdchit i rozvitok takoї primіtivnoї FORMS tovarovіdnosin, yak barter.

In protsesі stvorennya novih bases spіvrobіtnitstva vazhlivo not tіlki not dopustiti nekontrolovanogo rozpadu zv'yazkіv co-operative, and d Know novih partnerіv (Aje nerentabelnі pіdpriєm-tion i nekonkurentospromozhna Produkciya vipadut s ustalenih gospodarskih zv'yazkіv) sprognozuvati kon'yunkturu tovaroobmіnu s metoyu stvorennya Economy vіdkritogo type іntegrovanoї in EURO including i-peysky svіtovy ekonomіchny Prostir.

Rozrobka i poslіdovne vtіlennya in Zhittya єdinoї natsіonalnoї geo-polіtichnoї strategії spriyatime do updates on ekonomіchnіy osnovі Old virobnichih zv'yazkіv Ukraine i rozshirennyu pryamoї uchastі її in sistemі ekonomіchnih i polіtichnih stosunkіv on global rіvnі.

Kolishnі zv'yazki Ukraine Zi skhіdnoєvropeyskimi kraїnami od-beaten the deprivation mіzhderzhavny obmіn produktsієyu. Perehіd to vіlnoї torgіvlі on osnovі svіtovih tsіn i konvertovanoї viplivaє s currency exchange rate kraїn Shіdnoї Єvropi th Ukraine Economy on the transferred rinkovі rail i put rozv'yazannya vsіh problems vzaєmnih zv'yaz-kіv in zalezhnіst od ekonomіchnogo іnteresu. 'Peredbachaєtsya scho spochatku іsnuvatimut vzaєmozalezhnih two segments.

According au-Perche, Tse viznachennya parametrіv spіvrobіtnitstva on mіzh-derzhavnіy osnovі through pogodzhennya mіzh Uryadov kontingentіv mutually-єmnih supply. Tse toil Buti FORMS torgіvlі, nasampered Stra-tegіchnimi commodities (metals, gas, naphtha toscho), forms, pov'yazanі s tsentralіzovanimi rіshennyami. Mіzhderzhavnі rozrahunki toil lead Monetary klіringom against rozrahunkіv balance Yakscho vono utvoryuvatimetsya, slіd pogashati for domovlenіstyu storіn (all-lute goods abo UTC).

Differently - tse rozvitok vіdnosin on rіvnі directly zv'yazkіv pid-priєmstv, ob'єdnan, kooperativіv, bіrzh, asotsіatsіy, konsortsіumіv, spіlok toscho. Perehіd to podіbnih vіdnosin mozhlivy of minds postupovogo zvuzhennya spherical dії Reigning organіv in viznachennі vzaєmnih supply i nadannya Svobody pіdpriєmnitskoї dіyalnostі virobnichim Lanka. Ostannі povinnі pogodzhuvati not subject spіvrobіtnitstva deprivation, and th scope tsіnoutvorennya, supplies kreditіv, INSHI fіnansovі power. Wide vihіd tovarovirobnikіv to ri-nok, napovnennya yogo trademark masoyu stvoryat peredumovi for funktsіonuvannya skhіdnoєvropeyskoї Zoni vіlnoї torgіvlі.

Obviously, scho in rozrahunkah zastosovuvatimutsya not tіlki CPA, and the second currency natsіonalnі kraїn-partnerіv. Coley will vstanovlenі realnі Kursi natsіonalnih currency i vvedenі chastkova and potіm i bene-on konvertovanіst їh, todі zroste required in stvorennі spіlnih bankіv, SSMSC zbalansovuvatimut torgovelnі operatsії mіzh partner-mi. Odnі deprivation barternі operatsії that kompensatsіyna torgіvlya, navіt Yakscho stink th vіdpovіdatimut іnteresam Ukraine, obmezhuvatimut mozhlivostі spіvrobіtnitstva.

Otzhe, perehіd Ukraine on novі minds gospodaryuvannya i FORMS zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv spriyatime zmіtsnennyu Zoni vzaєm-tion ekonomіchnogo tyazhіnnya skhіdnoєvropeyskih powers i Ukraine.

Spіvvіdnoshennya zgadanih vische segmentіv skladayutsya for kraїn-partnerіv in rіznomu, fallow od priynyatih systems gospodarskogo upravlіnnya, їhnoї spromozhnostі zasvoyuvati novі FORMS spіvrobіt-nitstva. Tsіlkom ymovіrno scho practice porodzhuvatime th INSHI seg-cops. Spochatku for novih minds Center crowbars peremіstivsya on FEB-storonnі zv'yazki.

Yakscho UKRAINE Priyma vіdpovіdne zakonodavstvo, mozhlivі th novі eg vzaєmnogo spіvrobіtnitstva. Just past about іnvestitsіynu sphere-ru, stvorennya spіlnih of companies behind a cordon, Especially in under-kordonnіy smuzі, spіlnu dіyalnіst on Rink tretіh powers wasps kіlki ugorskії polskі, cheskі, slovatskі fіrmi vzhe zavoyuvali there pevnі pozitsії.

Schodo rozvitku torgіvlі that іnshih forms zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv Ukraine s powers rozvinutoї rinkovoї Economy that kraїnami scho rozvivayutsya, dotsіlno Bulo b sprognozuvati pla-tіzhny balance nashoї Kraina, beruchi to uwagi od zalezhnіst іmpor-the tretіh s powers were to scho warehouse kolishnogo CPCP, balance mіzhderzhavnomu obmіnі s them that eksportny potentsіal. When tsomu dinamіka platіzhnogo zalezhatime balance of Ukraine, on au-Perche, od stvorennya minds for postupovogo without rіzkih sotsіalnih potryasіn, rozv'yazannya problems virobnitstv ^ scho pratsyuyut on privіznіy B rovinі, i ^ od spromozhnostі themselves tovarovirobnikіv pereprofі-lovuvati virobnitstvo, napriklad diversifіkatsієyu , dwellers pozbu-tisya vuzkoї galuzevoї spetsіalіzatsії; n on-friend od Vlasnyi mate i-rіalnih golden zapasіv that rezervіv CPA; in tretє, od spіvvіdno-shennya kursіv natsіonalnih currencies, scho zalezhatime in its Cherga not tіlki od emіsіynoї polіtiki Natsіonalnogo bank that commercial napovnennya spozhivchogo market analysis and th od Glibin ekonomіchnoї re-form in Ukraїnі.

Rozrobka program stabіlіzatsії th rozvitku zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv guilty include otsіnku mozhlivostey Suchasnyj eksport-tion Ukraine potentsіalu i pershochergovih, so the title of the criticality іmportnih required. In tsomu kontekstі zasnuvannya th funktsіonuvan-nya spіlnih of companies vbachayutsya bіlsh nadіynoyu form, nіzh stvorennya spіlnih ekonomіchnih zones.

W urahuvannyam potreb our partnerіv behind a cordon that mozhli-east diferentsіyovanogo stimulyuvannya quiet virobnitstv scho hundred-novitimut basis eksportnogo sector Economy of Ukraine, but dotsіl-Bulo b Shirshov zaohochuvati vkladennya іnozemnogo kapіtalu in vzhe іsnuyuchі gospodarskі ob'єkti that stvorennya іnozemnimi іnves-tori fіrm on teritorії nashoї powers. When tsomu slіd borrow up to uwagi, scho іnozemny kapіtal vіddaє perevagu organіzatsіyno-Ekon-mіchnim vіdnosinam temple rіvnya instead lіberalіzatsії minds for over-radiation іnozemnih іnvestitsіy.

Podіbnі FORMS ekonomіchnih vіdnosin spriyali b zaprovadzhennyu in virobnitstvo Suchasnyj tehnologіy Nada b іmpuls Progressive zrushennyam in gospodarskіy strukturі Ukraine, zabezpechili b vihіd svіtovy on rinok s konkurentospromozhnoyu produktsієyu. Shcho CTOC-єtsya control іnozemnih іnvestorіv then diferentsіyovany pіdhіd to opodatkuvannya i vidavannya lіtsenzіy, control doderzhannyam sanі-Tarn that іnshih minds stvorennya natsіonalnogo agency spriyannya zaluchennyu іnozemnih іnvestitsіy that INSHI come in, uspіshno zastosovu-vanі in tsivіlіzovanih kraїnah svitu, priynyatnі i for Ukraine.

Spriyatlive geografіchne roztashuvannya, about-digit potentsіal robnoї promislovostі th promising eksport sіlskogospodar-skoї produktsії slіd vrahovuvati pid hour rozrobki will feed a stabі-lіzatsії that rozvitku zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv Ukraine. Treba pam'yatati takozh, scho: 1) torgіvlyu Ready produktsієyu on svіtovomu Rinku vitіsnyaє obmіn NAUKOVO-tehnіchnimi dosyagnennyami; 2) chastka vzaєmnogo obmіnu parts, components vuzlami in mіzhnarodnіy torgіvlі zrostaє; 3). materіalno-tehnіchne zabezpechennya virobnitstva fіrmi not obmezhuєtsya natsіonalnim Rink. Otzhe one іz Stra-tegіchnih napryamіv dotsіlno peredbachiti prіoritetne zaluchennya іnozemnogo kapіtalu to NAUKOVO tehnіchnoї-that cooperatives virobnichoї-tsії, vzaєmovigіdnogo obmіnu on lіtsenzіynіy osnovі vinahodami, rozrobkami, know-how, Promyslova zrazkami toscho.

Rozvitok mіzhnarodnoї kooperatsії potrebuє stimulіv s side der zhavi - zvіlnennya okremih kategorіy tovarovirobnikіv od mit-tion opodatkuvannya that lіtsenzuvannya chi kvotuvannya, nadannya credit-ditnih pіlg toscho. Slіd rozshiriti іmport komplektuyuchih to ek-sportnoї produktsії, praktikuvati zastosuvannya іmportnih techno logіy i novіtnogo ustatkuvannya for legkoї promislovostі th Galuzo APK, elektrotehnіki, zv'yazku toscho. Naukova-tehnіchny progression for svoєyu іnternatsіonalny by nature, to rozv'yazati zavdannya roses-round advanced tehnologіy without zv'yazkіv іz zovnіshnіm svіtom without zaluchennya svіtovogo kapіtalu practical nemozhlivo.

Obgruntovana strategіya rozvitku zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yaz-kіv Ukraine pіdporyadkovuєtsya ratsіonalnomu rozv'yazannyu naygos-trіshih problems rehabilitation Economy - podolannyu numerical defіtsitіv vnutrіshnomu on market analysis, priskorennyu NTP, nagroma-Jen Monetary resursіv for SPLAT nashoї chastki in kolishnomu zagalnosoyuznomu zovnіshnomu Borg polіpshennyu of Quality tovarіv , pіdvischennyu zbalansovanostі i platіzhnogo budget balance.

Away detsentralіzatsіyu zovnіshnoekonomіchnogo complex, vihіd on svіtovy rinok numerical drіbnih uchasnikіv (cooperatives, vіv, Malih of companies toscho) galmuє vіdsutnіst spetsіalnoї pіdgo-reparation znachnoї Chastain staff. Dwellers zabezpechiti efektivnіst zovnіshnoekonomіchnih zv'yazkіv, slіd quickly formuvati demo kratichnі polіtichnі structure sotsіalnu demokratії base, Visoko zagalnu, polіtichnu culture pіdpriєmnitsku etiku, rozvivati ​​rinok, spriyati fact dwellers psihologіya radical reform ovolo-DILA suspіlnoyu svіdomіstyu. Odnієyu s expired Je problem GUSTs-rennya shirokoї Sistemi profesіynoї pіdgotovki perepіdgotovki pratsіvnikіv i for i organіzatsіy of companies, zaynyatih zovnіshno-ekonomіchnoyu dіyalnіstyu. Vsіlyakі zvolіkannya s tsogo rozv'yazannyam zavdannya mozhut sprichiniti primnozhennya our vtrat through nekompetentnіst staff. Fіrmi that navchalnі mortgage-zarubіzh them kraїn nagromadili korisny i Warta vivchennya dosvіd. Tsіlkom vipravdanim in zv'yazku s CIM vbachaєtsya direction across the border on navchannya gromadyan Ukraine Requested i s іnshih kraїn spetsіalіs-tіv s marketing, foreign fіnansovih operatsіy, mіzhnarodnogo law.

Otzhe, rozvitok zovnіshnoekonomіchnih vіdnosin not samotsіl Je-lu, and one s perevіrenih dosvіdom bagatoh rozvinutih kraїn spo-sobіv podolannya krizovoe become Economy, vivedennya virobni-chogo potentsіalu on Suchasnyj tehnіchny i ​​tehnologіchny rіvnі, pid-vischennya DOBROBUT people of Ukraine.